Regular Frequency Research Articles

Hubungan Pola Makan dan Stres dengan Terjadinya Kekambuhan Gastritis di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Poasia Kota Kendari

The data showed that in 2019 there were 2,273 cases;in 2020, there were 1,209 cases, and in 2021 there were 1,937 cases. This study aimed to determine the relationship between diet and stress and the occurrence of gastritis recurrence in the working area of the poasia public health center, kendari city. This type of research was analytic with a cross-sectional study design. The population of this study was patients with gastritis and non-gastritis sufferers totaling 246 respondents with a sample of 72 respondents by purposive sampling. The analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis and was tested using ch-square and the value of phi. This study’s results indicated a significant relationship between eating patterns (x2count = 23,144; = 0,512) and significant relationship between eating stress (x2count = 23,615; 0,515). It is expected for the community, especially gastritis sufferers, to apply a diet with a regular frequency and reduce excessive stress or manage stress appropriately to avoid gastritis.

Risk factors for natural menopause before the age of 45: evidence from two British population-based birth cohort studies

BackgroundMenopause that occurs before the age of 45 and is not medically induced (referred to here as ‘early natural menopause’) affects around one in 10 women and has serious health consequences. These consequences include increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe investigate risk factors for the onset of natural menopause before the age of 45 in two population-based prospective cohort studies in Britain: the 1958 cohort following 8959 women and the 1970 cohort following 8655 women. These studies follow women from birth to adulthood, and we use harmonized data on birth and early life characteristics, reproductive health, health behaviour, and socioeconomic characteristics for 6805 women who were pre-menopausal, peri-menopausal or had undergone natural menopause. Of these 6805 women, 3614 participated in the 1958 cohort (of which 368 had early menopause) and 3191 participated in the 1970 cohort (of which 206 had early menopause). Taking a life course approach, we focus on three distinct life stages - birth/early life, childhood, and early adulthood - to understand when risk factors are most harmful. Respecting the temporal sequence of exposures, we use a series of multivariable logistic regression models to estimate associations between early menopause and each potential risk factor adjusted for confounders.ResultsWe find that early menopause is influenced by circumstances at birth. Women born in lower social class families, whose mother smoked during the pregnancy or who were breastfed 1 month or less were more likely to undergo early menopause. Early menopause is also associated with poorer cognitive ability and smoking in childhood. Adult health behaviour also matters. Smoking is positively correlated with early menopause, while regular exercise and moderate frequency of alcohol drinking in women’s early thirties are associated with reduced risk of early menopause. The occurrence of gynaecological problems by women’s early thirties is also linked to early menopause.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that characteristics at different periods of life are associated with early menopause. Some of these associations relate to modifiable behaviours and thus the risks of early menopause and the adverse health outcomes associated with it may be preventable.

A Systematic Review of Interventions that Use Multidisciplinary Team Meetings to Manage Multimorbidity in Primary Care.

Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings could facilitate coordination of care for individuals living with multimorbidity, yet there is limited evidence on their effectiveness. We hence explored the common characteristics of MDT meetings in primary care and assessed the effectiveness of interventions that include such meetings, designed to improve outcomes for adults living with multimorbidity. A systematic review of literature was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE. A narrative synthesis was performed, extracting study and MDT meeting characteristics, in addition to any outcomes reported. Four randomised controlled trials that were conducted in the United States of America were identified as eligible, recruiting a total of 3,509 adults living with multimorbidity. Common MDT meeting themes include regular frequency of discussion, the absence of patient involvement and the participation of three or four multiprofessionals. Significant improvements were observed in response to interventions with an MDT component across most measures, yet this trend did not extend to physical health outcomes. It is unclear if the results in this review are sufficient to support the widespread implementation of MDT meetings in primary care, for adults living with multimorbidity. Due to the paucity of studies collated, further research is required to inform widespread implementation.

P58 YOUNG PERSONS' PERSPECTIVES ON THE RESULTS OF A UK MULTI-CENTRE SURVEY ON VARIATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE IN PAEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY UNITS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Introduction/BackgroundA paediatric rheumatology multi-centre survey was conducted to understand the impact of COVID-19 on services and provide useful learning points that could change future practice. The survey focused on clinicians' views of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to gather the perspectives of young people regarding the results of the initial survey. This was done via a group discussion with members of the national youth advisory panel for adolescent rheumatology – Your Rheum. It is important when evaluating service provision that not only the clinician’s perspective but the patient’s voice is heard.Description/MethodThe initial survey was sent, in August 2021, to Consultants in all UK paediatric rheumatology centres, to the paediatric rheumatology trainees network and to the JIA topic specific group members via email. 20 staff responded (17 consultants and 3 trainees at registrar level) across the 4 UK nations. Results of the survey showed changes to the frequency of blood monitoring (n = 17), an increase in disease flares (n = 4) with all respondents reporting changes to the type of consultation used with a large increase in the use of virtual consultations. Increases in clinic waiting lists due to capacity issues were also reported (n = 7). 15 respondents reported changes in steroid usage for flare management with more ward based steroid injections performed and an increase in the use of oral steroids due to theatre unavailability.The online discussion group held with ‘Your Rheum’ members consisted of 9 Young People (YP) aged between 12-24 years. The discussion group was facilitated by a research assistant, paediatric rheumatology trainee and a consultant paediatric rheumatologist. A number of statements with Agree/Disagree/Unsure options were provided with an opportunity to vote on each statement. A follow up discussion was held after each statement around the issues raised. The online tool Mentimeter was used to form a word cloud on YP experiences of the pandemic which was followed by breakout rooms to facilitate further small group discussions.Discussion/ResultsIn contrast to the survey results which revealed that clinicians perceived that YP preferred virtual (telephone or video or combination of both) consultations, young people in ‘Your Rheum’ varied in their responses with the majority of comments describing that it depended on the clinical context (if unstable or stable disease) with virtual appointments being preferable when their disease was stable. YP also reported issues with virtual appointments including difficulties with phone signal, not being able to obtain a specific time for appointments (varied time slots), issues for YP with hearing difficulties as well as one YP commenting it is “easier to lie to the doctor and just say everything is going really well”. Negative points raised with face-face appointments included longer waiting times and the time spent travelling to appointments.The majority of young people agreed that changes to the normal pattern of blood monitoring was concerning as this could lead to a possible increase in flare of conditions. Specific comments including accessibility to appointments was difficult during the pandemic with the additional fear of getting COVID-19 if attending the hospital for blood monitoring.YP used a variety of words to explain their experiences of rheumatology services during the pandemic including: ‘rushed’, ‘frustrating’, ‘stressful’, ‘virtual’, ‘chaotic’, ‘poor communication’, ‘inaccessible’ but also ‘COVID safe’.Key learning points/ConclusionYoung people with rheumatic diseases offered different insights to the initial clinician survey findings highlighting the importance of considering their opinion as well as that of professionals when considering service provision and evaluation.Flexibility is essential for young people and a hybrid approach with virtual/face to face appointments is key. Overall YP prefer face-face but are willing to have virtual consultations depending on the nature of issues needing addressed and the stability of disease.Experiences of poor communication between YP and health professionals/hospital has always been a theme in their experiences to date but has worsened since COVID-19.YP within this group discussion preferred to have blood monitoring performed at regular frequencies (similar to pre-pandemic) but did have concerns about getting COVID-19 by attending these appointments during the pandemic. It is important that YP are encouraged and reassured about attending appointments whilst ensuring COVID-19 safe precautions.

Nonclinical Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Translational Model of RO7297089, A Novel Anti-BCMA/CD16A Bispecific Tetravalent Antibody for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

RO7297089, an anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)/CD16A bispecific tetravalent antibody, is being developed as a multiple myeloma (MM) therapeutic. This study characterized nonclinical pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), soluble BCMA (sBCMA), and soluble CD16 (sCD16) changes following administration of RO7297089 to support clinical trials. Unbound and total RO7297089 concentrations were measured in cynomolgus monkeys. RO7297089 exhibited a bi-phasic systemic concentration-time profile, similar to a typical human immunoglobulin 1 antibody. Target engagement by RO7297089 led to a robust increase (~100-fold) in total systemic sBCMA levels and relatively mild increase (~2-fold) in total sCD16 levels. To describe the relationship of nonclinical PK/PD data, we developed a target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) model that includes the systemic target engagement of membrane BCMA (mBCMA), sBCMA, membrane CD16 (mCD16), and sCD16. We then used this model to simulate the PK/PD relationship of RO7297089 in MM patients by translating relevant PK parameters and target levels, based on the literature and newly generated data such as baseline sCD16A levels. Our model suggested that the impact of TMDD on RO7297089 exposure may be more significant in MM patients due to significantly higher expression levels of both mBCMA and sBCMA compared to healthy cynomolgus monkeys. Based on model simulations, we propose more frequent dosing of RO7297089 compared to regular monthly frequency in the clinic at the beginning of treatment to ensure sustained target engagement. This study demonstrates a translational research strategy for collecting relevant nonclinical data, establishing a TMDD model, and using simulations from this model to inform clinical dose regimens.Graphical

High-security SCMA-OFDM multi-core fiber transmission system based on a regular hexagon chaotic codebook.

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA), a new code-domain non-orthogonal technology in the fifth-generation mobile communication (5G), can be modulated by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to improve the link quality of a single user. In this paper, a high-security SCMA-OFDM multi-core fiber transmission system based on a regular hexagonal chaotic codebook is proposed for next-generation passive optical network (PON). The whole encryption process consists of a regular hexagon chaotic codebook design and frequency domain block scrambling. In designing the regular hexagon chaotic codebook, the optimization of constellation points on orthogonal resources are considered as the starting point. Firstly, the chaos factor generated by the four-dimensional Rossler chaos model is deployed to disturb the mother constellation, and then the corresponding chaotic book is formed by rotating the mother constellation and multiplying the sparse matrix. The designed codebook logically avoids the degradation of transmission performance caused by the rough scrambling of codebook constellation, to find a balance between codebook disturbance and bit error rate (BER). The security and reliability of the transmission system have been verified by performing 42 Gb/s encrypted SCMA-OFDM data transmission experiments in a 2km multi-core fiber. The key space of the encryption scheme can reach 10178, which effectively ensures the security of the transmission system. Furthermore, the performance of the transmission system with a regular hexagon chaotic codebook is improved by 2.5 dB compared with the traditional codebook when the BER is 1 × 10-3. Moreover, the SCMA-OFDM-based transmission architecture and the detection effects of different multi-user detection algorithms in the SCMA-OFDM multi-core fiber transmission system are also studied.

Changes in social activities and the occurrence and persistence of depressive symptoms: Do type and combination of social activities make a difference?

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the association between changes in social activities and the occurrence/persistence of depressive symptoms and investigate the difference in effect sizes among the types and combinations of social activities. MethodsThe study adopted a valid 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale to assess depressive symptoms in 2480 community-dwelling adults aged 64/65 years. Changes in social-related, learning, and personal activities were classified into four categories: continued low frequency (CLF), increased frequency (IF), decreased frequency (DF), and continued regular frequency (CRF)11CLF: continued low frequency, IF: increased frequency, DF: decreased frequency, CRF: continued regular frequency. Relative ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using a modified Poisson regression model. ResultsThose without depressive symptoms at baseline and who engaged in social-related (RRIF = 0.56 (0.39, 0.81), RRCRF = 0.55 (0.41, 0.74)), learning (RRIF = 0.63 (0.44, 0.89), RRCRF = 0.62 (0.46, 0.85)), and personal activities (RRIF = 0.37 (0.24, 0.57), RRCRF = 0.41 (0.30, 0.56)) at IF or CRF were less likely to develop depressive symptoms. Those with depressive symptoms at baseline, engaging in personal activities at IF (RR=0.67 (0.51, 0.87)) and CRF (RR= 0.80 (0.65-1.00)) were less likely to have persistent depressive symptoms. Participation in all three activities consistently at a regular frequency was inversely associated with the occurrence/persistence of depressive symptoms. ConclusionsThe effect of personal activities was more manifest in preventing depressive symptoms than the other two kinds, regardless of depressive symptoms at baseline. Regularly engaging in a combination of all three activities at baseline and follow-up was associated with the occurrence and persistence of depressive symptoms.

An analyzation on the characterization of frequency tuning of vestibular evoked myogenic potential in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction

Objective: To explore the value of adding 1 kHz cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential（cVEMP） and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential（oVEMP） in the auxiliary diagnosis of unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Methods:A retrospective analysis of 84 patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction receiving two or more vestibular function tests was conducted,29 cases of unilateral Ménière's disease, 27 cases of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo （BPPV）, 8 cases of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss （ISSHL） with vertigo, and 20 cases of ISSHL without vertigo were included. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis to observe the difference of frequency amplitude ratio （FAR） at 500 Hz/1 kHz of cVEMP and oVEMP between the experimental and control groups. Results:①The cVEMP elicitation rates were 95.24% （80/84） and 98.81% （83/84） for 500 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively; and the oVEMP elicitation rates were 78.57% （66/84） and 91.67% （77/84） for 500 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively. ②Except for the lateral difference of FAR in oVEMP of the posterior semicircular canal BPPV group and cVEMP of the horizontal semicircular canal BPPV group （P<0.05）, no significant lateral difference was observed in the other disease groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion:In patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction, cVEMP and oVEMP showed different frequency tuning changes in different semicircular canal BPPV groups. Additionally, 1 kHz cVEMP and oVEMP as regular stimulation frequencies in clinical test, which has certain clinical reference significance for determining the diagnosis and prognosis of BPPV on the weak ear and in different semicircular canal involvement.

TOWARDS PUBLIC VACCINATION DATA RESILIENCE DURING NATURAL DISASTER USING BLOCKCHAIN-BASED DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION

This paper presents a platform development plan for a public vaccination decentralized data base based on Blockchain technology. Vaccination is a medical practice that allows a human body to produce a specific antibody as a means of developing a preventive measure and reducing the risk of contracting a particular disease. Systematic vaccination data recording is an utmost important system that is required particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic. The recording mechanism should utilize the state-of-the-art information and communication technology (ICT). For faster vaccination data recording, it is common to use digital technology, making the health care process faster thus decreasing time needed for the vaccination process. Data related to medical records, i.e. vaccination data records, are essential for the continuity of care of the patients. For health professionals, medical records provide an insight on the clinical judgment being exercised at the time. The presence of a complete, up-to-date and accurate medical record including all vaccination received by a patient can make all the difference to the outcome of a treatment. Although today the digital medical records have been implemented in different traditional database, these database is still very much disintegrated and prone to the happening of natural disaster. Access to medical records will become increasingly important as medical treatments become more complicated and the increase of aging population, while disasters will likely continue to occur with regular frequency. In order to tackle the problem, we propose a blockchain-based application with decentralized storage to provide easy tracing of vaccinated people while maintaining the availability and the resilience of the data stored. Blockchain technology is applied to ensure that the data remain available and secure even during natural disaster occurrence. The decentralized application proposed in this paper is built using Hyperledger Fabric, Django, and cURL. The application is deployed in the cloud using Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Laser-induced graphene Janus membrane for electrothermal membrane distillation

To improve the energy efficiency of membrane distillation (MD), localized heating of the feed-membrane interface is advantageous relative to heating of the bulk feed. This motivated the current study, which targeted at developing a simple two-step way of fabricating Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) Janus membrane for electrothermal membrane distillation. Specifically, the Janus membrane had an electrically conductive graphene side and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coated polyethersulfone (PES) side. The PES membrane was first coated with PDMS in limonene (a green solvent) and the active layer exposed to low-powered laser. Joule heating was carried out on the LIG surface by connecting two electrodes to the opposite ends of the LIG surface and providing power with an alternating current power supply at regular household frequency. This Janus membrane can be heated on the LIG surface while insulated from heat loss on the PDMS-coated PES surface, resulting in a marked improvement in the MD performance. Relative to pre-heated feed at the same power input, Joule heating of the Janus membranes gave a flux increase of up to 119.5%, specific heating energy decrease of up to 53.9% and single-pass heat utilization efficiency increase of up to 119.5%, while maintaining excellent material stability.

Regular Periodic Surface Structures on Indium Tin Oxide Film Efficiently Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing with a Cylindrical Lens.

Regular laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) were efficiently fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) films by femtosecond laser direct writing with a cylindrical lens. It was found that randomly distributed nanoparticles and high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSFL) formed on the surface after a small number of cumulative incident laser pulses per spot, and regular low spatial frequency LIPSSs (LSFL) appeared when more laser pulses accumulated. The mechanism of the transition was studied by real-time absorptance measurement and theoretical simulation. Results show that the interference between incident laser and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excited by random surface scatterers facilitates the formation of prototype LSFLs, which in turn enhances light absorption and SPP excitation following laser pulses. The effects of scanning velocity and laser fluence on LSFL quality were discussed in detail. Moreover, large-area extremely regular LSFL with a diameter of 30 mm were efficiently fabricated on an ITO film by femtosecond laser direct writing with the cylindrical lens. The fabricated LSFLs on the ITO film demonstrate vivid structural color. During LSFL processing, the decrease of ITO film thickness leads to the increase of near-infrared optical transmittance.

The impact of dynamic ambidexterity on the performance of organizations: Evidence from corporate venture capital investing in North America

The purpose of this paper is to study the evolution of corporate investors’ exploitation-exploration allocations and their long-term performance outcomes. The sample consists of 243 North American firms pursuing corporate venture capital (CVC) investments from 1993 to 2017. The results show that dynamic sequential ambidexterity promotes higher firm performance than balanced or simultaneous forms of ambidexterity. Alternating pursuit of exploitation and exploration characterized by a regular frequency of change over time enhances corporate investors’ financial performance. The results suggest that CVC firms develop additional expertise in pursuing both exploitation and exploration activities over time which helps to enhance their performance. The findings also show that in times of crisis, the combined use of both exploration and exploitation in CVC investments enables firms to enhance their financial performance. The results are robust to alternative measures of financial performance and to endogeneity concerns. This paper provides insights to policymakers and managers of firms that are investing in CVC activities.

Client-Side Hashing for Efficient Typo-Tolerant Password Checkers

Credential leaks still happen with regular frequency, and show evidence that, despite decades of warnings, password hashing is still not correctly implemented in practice. The common practice today, inherited from previous but obsolete constraints, is to transmit the password in cleartext to the server, where it is hashed and stored. This allows some usability improvements, such as typo-tolerant password checkers — which can correct up to 32% of typos, with no negative impact on security — formally introduced by Chatterjee et al. in 2016, but used in some preliminary forms since 2012. This article investigates the advantages and drawbacks of the alternative of hashing client-side, and shows that it is present today exclusively on Chinese websites. It introduces an alternative typo-correction framework based on client-side hashing, which corrects up to 57% of typos without affecting user experience, at no computational cost to the server. Finally, it proposes some potential ways to improve the industry standards by enforcing accountability on password security.

The Influence of Internal Control, Company SOP and Auditor Professionalism on Fraud Prevention Measures

Main Purpose - The main objective of this study is to determine the effect between variables, namely internal control, company SOPs, and auditor professionalism with simultaneous and partial fraud prevention actions that occur in bakery companies.Method - Purposive sampling in the study when it was a saturated sample of 105 employees of a bakery company listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. This research is quantitative as the method so that the data is tested with SPSS IBM 22 through multiple regression approach.Main Findings - Internal control (PI) has a positive and significant effect on fraud prevention measures because high internal control reflects lower fraud risk according to the complexity of company procedures and the complexity of the business itself. The company's SOP (SP) has a positive and significant effect on fraud prevention because the company's SOP that is carried out properly by all company employees will provide guidelines for all employees to submit and do it. Auditor professionalism (AP) has a positive and significant effect on fraud prevention measures because it can be assumed that the quality and professional competence of auditors can implement higher standards in presenting financial information in a transparent and accountable manner.Theory and Practical Implications - The current research implications are focused on future investors, companies and researchers. The implication of this research concludes that with the implementation of internal control, company SOPs as well as high professional auditors and regular audit frequency can guarantee high quality of company financial information and free from fraud.Novelty – Previous researchers only focused on the fraud triangle theory with the location of service companies as indicators for pressure, opportunity and rationalization, but in this study the researchers took Gone theory which focused on the authority of power, the demands of life needs and the prestige of the leadership lifestyle that occurred in bread company.

Changes in behavioral activities and transition of depressive symptoms among younger‐old community‐dwelling adults during 6 years: An age‐specific prospective cohort study

AbstractObjectiveRegular engagement in behavioral activities plays a crucial role against depressive symptoms in older adults. This study aims to explore the relationship between behavioral activities and the temporal evolution of depressive symptoms.MethodsWe included community‐dwelling Japanese adults aged 64 or 65 years with and without depressive symptoms enrolled in the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation (NISSIN) project. Depressive symptoms at baseline and follow‐up were assessed using the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale. Behavioral activities were measured by self‐reported questions. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic variables and health‐related confounders.ResultsDuring the 6 year follow‐up period, 139 (10.1%) without depressive symptoms at baseline developed such symptoms over time, while 174 (51.6%) with depressive symptoms improved to the point of these symptoms being absent. The participants without depressive symptoms at baseline and those who engaged in social activity or daily walking at a continued regular frequency (CRF) or an increased frequency (IF) and exercise habits at CRF were the least likely to have depressive symptoms onset at follow‐up. There was no significant difference between the changes in behavioral activities and the improvement of depressive symptoms after controlling for confounders. Participants engaging in a greater variety of behavioral activities at CRF were less likely to experience a new onset of depressive symptoms.ConclusionsConsistent and regular participation in one or more behavioral activities was significantly associated with the onset of depressive symptoms in Japanese community‐dwelling older adults.

Formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures on amorphous Fe- and Co-based alloys and its impact on magnetic properties

Laser-induced periodic surface structures, so-called LIPSS, were obtained using linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulses on metal glasses with compositions Fe73.5Nb3Cu1Si15.5B7 and Co73Fe1Mn3Mo1Si13B9. The effect of laser parameters on spatial period and regularity of LIPSS was observed. Highly regular and low spatial frequency LIPSS with a period in the range of 850–950 nm was revealed using FESEM studies. The backscattered X-ray diffraction method revealed no devitrification of the amorphous structure upon LIPSS forming. Magnetic properties including saturation magnetization, coercive force, thermomagnetic curves were measured for both materials before and after LIPSS generation. It was observed that LIPSS impacts the coercive force of the amorphous Fe- and Co-based alloys.

Evaluation of management of patients under clean intermittent catheterization by general practitioners

Clean Intermittent Catheterization (CIC) is the method of choice for bladder emptying in patients having bladder emptying disorders, acquired or pharmacologically induced, whether it is neurologically related or not. The aim of this study is to assess the theoretical and practical knowledge of general practitioners (GP) on CIC. Observational prospective study (anonymous online questionnaire) was conducted with 224 GP between March and April 2020. Each physician had to complete a questionnaire about the definition of CIC, its indications and usage, the indications of urine culture, antibiotic therapy, and the complications of this method of drainage. Only 18.3% of GP that took part in the study gave an exact definition of CIC. As to the importance of it, 67.9% responded that it protects the upper urinary tract and 37.1% that it prevents urinary tract infections (UTI). Fifty-two per cent of physicians were unaware of the regular frequency at which it should carry out a day. Fifty eight percent prescribed sterile gloves and 57.1% an antiseptic. UTI was considered as the main complication of CIC by 87.1% of physicians and 35.7% requested a systematic urine culture for patients under CIC. For patients with an asymptomatic bacteriuria, 65.6% of GP prescribed antibiotic therapy. GP need to improve their knowledge of SIP, its framework, indications, modalities, and the way to deal with colonization or urinary tract infection. This will improve the management of impacted patients.

Eating Competence, Food Consumption and Health Outcomes: An Overview.

Eating Competence (EC) is one behavioral perspective of eating practices that has been associated with a healthy lifestyle. It emphasizes eating pleasure, self-regulation of eating, body weight satisfaction, and regular meal frequency that includes food variety without focusing on dietary guidelines. EC is composed of four components (Eating Attitude, Food Acceptance, Internal Regulation, and Contextual Skill), and its assessment is performed using the Eating Competence Satter Inventory (ecSI2.0™), developed and validated in English for an adult population. EC has been associated with diet quality and health indicators for various population groups and the development of skills that increase EC might be a strategy to improve nutritional health, and prevent obesity and other chronic diseases. In this sense, this study presents an overview of the background, concepts, features, and possible associations among EC, food consumption, and health outcomes. The high prevalence of diseases associated with food/nutrition draws attention to the necessity to broaden the view on food and its relationship with health and well-being, considering not only nutrients and food combinations but also the behavioral dimensions of eating practices. Healthy nutritional recommendations that take into account attitudes and behaviors are in accordance with the EC behavioral model. Studies on eating behavior emphasize the need to better understand attitudes towards food and eating in the general population using validated instruments. In this context, measuring EC and its association with health outcomes seems to be relevant to nutritional health. The complexity of food choices has been examined in social, behavioral, and biological sciences, representing a great challenge for applying unique and simple theoretical models. Multiple methods are required, as no single theory can fully explain food selection.

MARFE movement and density fluctuations after deuterium pellet injections in H-mode plasmas on EAST tokamak

The multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge (MARFE), which is generally considered to be the result of a radiation thermal instability in the edge and usually occurs in high density operation, has been first observed to move up and down along the poloidal cross-section due to edge cooling after cryogenic deuterium pellet injections in EAST tokamak with tungsten divertor. A maximum electron density of 0.84 × n GW has been obtained using continuous cryogenic pellet fueling. In the meantime, MARFEs, initially located near the divertors of EAST, moves to the inner wall on high field side after each pellet injection. This movement should be attributed to the asymmetry of the power flow to the two sides of the MARFE after pellet injections. Accompanied with MARFE movement, two kinds of strong density fluctuations have been observed. The ones with continuous and regular frequency spectrum, which does not cause a reduction of main plasma density, are confirmed to be induced by MARFE. The others, appearing with magnetic fluctuations, have been determined to be induced by the m/n = 2/1 magnetohydrodynamic activities after pellet injections. All the investigations in this paper will be meaningful for the steady high density operation of future fusion reactors, such as ITER.

Post-fire Regeneration Traits of Understorey Shrub Species Modulate Successional Responses to High Severity Fire in Mediterranean Pine Forests

Recurrent fires can impede the spontaneous recruitment capacity of pine forests. Empirical studies have suggested that this can lead to a prolonged replacement of pine forest by shrubland, especially if shrub species are pyrophytic. Model-based studies, however, have suggested that post-fire succession of pine forest under current climatic conditions will eventually tend towards the dominance of oaks under high fire severity and recurrence. These previous modelling studies did not address the role of the various post-fire regeneration traits of the understory shrub species. Considering the dichotomy of obligate seeder vs. resprouter species, either obligate or facultative resprouter, we hypothesized that when the shrubs present are post-fire seeders, the oaks steadily occupy the forest, whereas resprouter shrub species might compete with oaks and delay or arrest post-fire succession. To test this hypothesis, we developed a dynamic, cellular automaton model for simulating post-fire successional transitions in pine forests, including shrubs, pines and oaks, and stochastic fires of regular frequency. Our results showed a strong tendency towards oak dominance as final model state and a very reduced role of fire recurrence in this final state, with low yearly acorn input delaying oak dominance. Most relevantly, and in line with our hypothesis, the trend towards oak dominance depended markedly on the two types of shrub species, being delayed by resprouter species, which extended the shrub-dominated succession stage for several centuries. Our simulation results supported the view that the type of understorey species should be a key consideration in post-fire restoration strategies aiming to enhance fire resilience.