Regular Columns Research Articles

The Silenced Media: The Propaganda War between Russia and the West in Northern Europe by Esko s> Salminen Jyri Kokkonen (review)

REVIEWS 773 celebrations was the renowned physicist Peter Kapitza who worked at Cambridge during the period when Szent-Gy6rgyi held a Rockefeller fellowship there in the latter part of the I920S. Could he have influenced the Hungarian scientist? The second group of three essays deals with the emergence of empirical economics in Hungary. They show how the severeeconomic problems,which accompanied the imposition of state socialism, and the subsequent 'New Course', alertedthe regime to the need for reliableeconomic intelligence and analysis.The providersof these services competent, empiricallyorientated economists were, however, obliged to strugglewith obsessiveandpersisting secrecy. A key role in this process was played by Istvin Friss,who acted as a kind of patron of the re-emerging discipline as Director of the newly created Institute of Economics, whilst much of the momentum was generated by younger scholars whose communist convictions had been shaken by the impact of terror and the moral and intellectual influence of its surviving victims. Peeri shows how a kind of compromise grew up between these economists and the regime, whereby they were freed from the strait-jacketof Stalinist political economy, but required to focus on policy relevant issues uninformed by Western 'bourgeois' theory. As with the firstgroup of essays, these succeed in illuminating the dynamics and complexities of the interface between politics and scholarship in a well grounded way which avoids the distortionsof hindsightjudgements. The final section consists of one chapter which offers a comparative assessmentof the impact of the state socialistpattern of enforced modernization on science and scholarship. It advances the interesting argument that exiting from this form of modernization may prove to be as costly as entering into it. This is because it generated an illusory form of development, 'overstretching' economic constraints. Consistent with a theme running throughout these essays Peteri warns that the divisions which characterize academic eliteshave resultedin theirinabilityto addresshow the pain of postcommunist stringency should be distributed, re-igniting, ironically, the dangersof political interventionduringdemocratization. Department ofPolitics PETER KNEEN University ofDurham Salminen, Esko. 7he Silenced Media:7The Propaganda WarBetween Russiaandthe West in NorthernEurope.Translated by Jyri Kokkonen. Macmillan, Basingstoke, I99. xii + I98 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. ?42.50. PROFESSORSALMINENis uncompromisinglyblunt about what was going on in Finland during the Cold War:'the Soviets sought to create a uniform media in Finland and to make the country a member of the socialistbloc during the I970s' (p. ix). And from the vast amount of materialcited and analysedby the author,the Soviet Union came very close to achievingits goals, ironically,just before the Soviet empire startedto fallapart. One of the book's main themes is self-censorshipand the author paints a grimpicture of Finland in the Ig7os: 'The Soviets did not have to look farfor 774 SEER, 79, 4, 2001 those who would praise and whitewash their system, and remain silent about problemsand failings.In the late I96os a majorportion of Finland'suniversity studentsavidly adopted the teaching of the New Left. Marxismwas regarded as a solution to the ills of society. Left-wing ideology spread rapidly among young people and intellectuals. Before long, many students, artist groups, research and journalist associations were captured by the system' (p. 27). Worsestill, 'kowtowingto the Soviets developed to the level of a new national consciousness' (p. 28). Even papers considered to be conservative or right wing in Finland, such as UusiSuomi,accepted regular columns from Soviet journalists, in this paper's case, from Spartak Beglov (a prominent Soviet propaganda specialist), whose authorship of Vneshnepoliticheskaya propaganda. Ocherk teoriii praktiki(I984) says a great deal about what he and his Soviet mastershoped to achieve in Finland. There is a likelihood, argues Professor Salminen, that the origins of selfcensorshipin Finland regardingthe Soviet Union are a legacy of the wartime alliance with National Socialist Germany. About the Finnish system of wartime censorship, we are told that 'up to 98% of all submitted texts were accepted, which can only point to the strong grip of self-censorshipamong Finnish journalists' (p. 14). On the other hand, given the memories of the Russo-Finnish winterwar(I939- I940), thefactthat98 percentof thetexts were acceptable might well imply that thiswas not an issue of self-censorship, but one of approval.After I 945, the real danger to intellectualfreedom came...

The regular COLUMN

This is the last of Moira's regular columns. We thank her for her thoughts over the last year, and look forward to hearing from Tony Morris, who will be taking over.What if our dreams are not, or not only, about our personal lives, but also about the Earth of which we are part?

A formation mechanism for the macroparticles in arc ion-plated TiN films

Characterization of macroparticles in TiN films prepared by an arc ion-plating method on AISI 304 stainless steel was carried out by energy filtering transmission electron microscopy. The results show that most of the macroparticles have the shape of a bud, which has the equiaxial polycrystalline Ti metal located at the bottom center. The outerlayer consists of TiN 0.26, α-TiN 0.3 and Ti 2N, in addition to TiN, identified by selected area diffraction. On the basis of the analysis, a model describing the formation of macroparticles in the arc ion-plated TiN is proposed. Once emitted from the cathode, the liquid Ti droplets react with nitrogen during their migration to the substrate and form a thin layer of titanium nitrides on the surface of the droplets, resulting in a core-shell structure. As a result of the high-melting outshell, flattened torus voids are produced, upon impact on the substrate, beneath each particle which causes shadowing of the ion flux during deposition. Subsequent growth of TiN follows the orientation of the titanium nitride nuclei in the outshell to form a radial type structure, until coalescence with the regular TiN columns grown perpendicular to the substrate surface occurs.

Formation of macroparticles in arc ion-plated nitride coatings

On the basis of transmission electron microscope analysis, a model describing the formation of macroparticles in arc ion-plated nitride coatings is proposed. While emitting from the cathode, the metal droplets react with nitrogen during their travel to the substrate and form a thin layer of nitrides on the surface of the droplets, resulting in a core-shell structure. The flattened torus voids are gradually produced beneath each droplet upon impact on the substrate, which causes shadowing of the ion flux during deposition. Subsequent growth of the nitride coating on the droplets follows the orientation of the nitride nuclei in the outer shell to form a radial type of structure, until coalescence with the regular nitride columns growing perpendicular to the substrate surface occurs.

A Historical Review of the AORN Journal

The purpose of this project was to critically review 35 years of AORN Journal content from 1963 to 1998 to determine if the original mission and goal of the Journal were being met. Content analysis revealed a diverse mixture of feature articles and regular columns that typically targeted perioperative nurses. Feature articles addressed multiple perioperative specialty areas, along with other areas of interest to perioperative nurses. Regular columns provided a means of keeping AORN members informed of educational offerings, policy changes, AORN business, and clinical practice issues.

Microvascular features and ossification process in the femoral head of growing rats.

In the epiphysis of long bones, different patterns of development of ossification processes have been described in different species. The development of the vascularisation of the femoral head has not yet been fully clarified, although its role in the ossification process is obvious. Our aim was to investigate ossification and vascular proliferation and their relationship, in growing rat femoral heads. Male Wistar rats aged approximately 1, 5 and 8 wk and 4, 8 and 12 mo were used. Light microscopy frontal sections and vascular corrosion casts observed by scanning electron microscopy were employed. In the rat proximal femoral epiphysis, ossification develops from the medullary circulation of the diaphysis, quickly extending to the neck and the base of the head. Hypertrophic chondrocytes occupy the epiphyseal cartilage, and a physeal plate with regular cell columns is present. Starting from about the end of the third month one or more points of fibrovascular outgrowth, above the physeal line, can be observed in each sample. They are often placed centrally or, sometimes, peripherally. The fibrovascular outgrowths penetrate deeply into the cartilage and extend laterally. At age 8 mo, large fibro-osseous peduncles connect the epiphysis to the diaphyseal tissue. At 12 mo, the entire epiphysis appears calcified with an almost total absence of residual cartilage islands. This situation differs in man and in other mammals due both to differing thickness of the cartilage and to the presence of more extensive sources of blood vessels other than the diaphyseal microcirculation, as supplied by the teres ligament and Hunter's circle. In young rats, subchondral vessels and the synovial fluid could play a role in feeding the ossifying cartilage. Later, a loss of resistance of the physis due to marked degeneration of the cell columns, and extensive chondrocyte hypertrophy permit fibrovascular penetration starting from diaphyseal vessels rather than neighbouring vascular territories, such as those of the periosteum and capsule.

Enantioseparations in normal- and reversed-phase nano-high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography using polyacrylamide and polysaccharide derivatives as chiral stationary phases

Enantioseparations of chiral compounds with different structures (β-blockers, benzodiazepines, diuretica, etc.) were performed in fused-silica capillaries packed with silica gel which was modified by covalent attachment of poly-N-acryloyl- l-phenylalanineethylester (Chiraspher ®) or by coating with cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate). Three different separation modes, normal- and reversed-phase nano-HPLC and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with and without pressure-assistance were performed in these capillaries using essentially the same experimental set-up. This allows a more reliable comparison of the different techniques. Nano-HPLC separations in the normal-phase mode gave relatively high peak efficiency compared to HPLC in regular size columns. However, under the experimental conditions of this study no significant gain in separation efficiency could be obtained by changing from pressure-driven to electrically-driven migration of the solutes.

Health & Safety

In the first of a series of regular columns, Phil Jones considers the importance of an awareness of health and safety legislation in care homes, and the implications of this for daily practice.

Calculation of parametric sensitivity in binary batch distillation

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of parametric sensitivity of batch distillation operations to perturbations in the feed composition. Three column arrangements are considered: batch rectifiers, batch strippers and total-reflux columns. The perturbation dynamics is parameterized in such a way as to allow the analytical calculation of the sensitivity function in the whole composition range, for both sharp and non-sharp separations. This makes it possible to determine a priori which operating conditions and system parameters favor sensitivity of the nominal state variable profiles, and to calculate to which extent parametric sensitivity is exhibited by a certain batch distillation operation. For conventional batch rectifiers, it is shown that there exists a limiting value r top of the reflux ratio above which there is a ‘sensitive’ operating region characterized by a linear increase of the sensitivity function with respect to the concentration of the heavy component in the reboiler; the higher the reflux ratio, the wider this sensitive operating region. For operations with r< r top, the sensitivity function is independent of the reflux ratio. For batch strippers, it is found that sensitive and non-sensitive operating regions are located somewhat symmetrically with respect to the case of batch rectifiers. However, the sensitivity function profiles are not symmetrical to those exhibited by regular batch columns. Finally, for columns operated at total reflux with a ‘balanced feed’, it is shown that if the feed is ‘very’ light or ‘very’ heavy, the transient behavior of the bottom composition sensitivity function is either always increasing or always decreasing. The parametc sensitivity in total-reflux operations appears higher than the one exhibited in finite-reflux-ratio operations.

HPLC-mass spectrometry analysis of isoflavones.

The current interest in the role of dietary isoflavonoids, particularly the soy isoflavone genistein, in lowering the risk of several chronic diseases, has led to the need for rapid, sensitive and precise assays for isoflavones and their metabolites in food matrices and in various physiological fluids and tissues. HPLC has the advantage over GC-based methods in that all the conjugated and unconjugated isoflavonoids and their metabolites can be separated and analyzed without the need for derivatization. An important advance in mass spectrometry has been the introduction of effective interfaces between the HPLC and the mass spectrometer, namely the electrospray ionization (ESI) and the heated nebulizer-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (HN-APCI) interfaces. Because of the isoflavonoid concentrations in fluids such as bile or urine, preliminary extraction, so essential for GC-MS and many other analytical methods, is not necessary. This immediately overcomes the thorny issue of finding an effective solid-phase extraction procedure. Using reversed-phase HPLC-ESI-MS, it is possible to obtain a mass/intensity map of all isoflavonoid metabolites in a single 20 min analysis. Analysis of isoflavonoid conjugates in serum/plasma samples requires initial extraction, but the conjugates can be measured intact either by capillary reversed-phase HPLC-ESI-MS or on regular reversed-phase columns by HPLC-HN-APCI-MS. In both cases, specificity is obtained by causing the parent isoflavonoid molecular ions to undergo collision-induced dissociation to form specific daughter ions in a triple quadrupole MS instrument. When it is only necessary to measure the total isoflavonoids and their metabolites in blood, hydrolysis can be performed directly in serum/plasma samples and isoflavonoids recovered by ether or ethyl acetate solvent extraction. The isoflavone aglucones can be analyzed by HPLC-MS under isocratic solvent conditions, thereby drastically shortening analysis time and opening up prospects for automation. Therefore, HPLC-MS is a technique that is broadly applicable to the major issues in phytoestrogen research.

Logging on to the world wide web of palliative care

In the first of his regular internet columns for IJPN, John Sweeny surfs to some of the best palliative care sites on the world wide web. An example of on-line support (using a real-time ‘chat room’) is descibed, as is the concept of a web site ‘keeping in touch’ by automatically emailing newsletters to ‘net surfers who have previously used the site.

Locality, Metropolis and Nation: The Impact of the Military Camps in England during the American War

The military camps established in England during the War of American Independence have been examined by historians as manifestations of anxiety about invasion, or as centres of intensive training, but no attempt has been made to consider them more fully. This article looks at the impact of the camps—economically, socially and culturally – on their immediate host localities, on London and on the nation as a whole. It is argued that, particularly in the years 1778–9, when fears of invasion were at their height, a veritable camp mania gripped the country. For the soldiers and militiamen who resided in the camps, for the thousands of civilian visitors, and even for the readers of contemporary periodicals and newspapers who devoured the regular columns of ‘Camp Intelligence’, the camps seem to have played an important role in increasing a sense of national consciousness.

The Design of Acoustic Radar Baffles

Abstract Compact acoustic antenna arrays, commonly used for profiling urban atmospheres, usually require acoustic baffles to minimize reflections from hard objects and to limit the impact of the 2–6-kHz signals on inhabitants. To facilitate optimum compact design, the authors show how to find the velocity potential or intensity for a wide range of baffle illuminations and baffle shapes immersed in a homogeneous atmosphere. Results are presented for baffle configurations in terms of wavenumber k = 2π/λ. Baffle height needs to be about 40k−1, and baffle sides should not be so close to the speaker array as to cut the main beam. This is particularly important for steered beams, when sloping baffle sides are recommended. Square plan baffles are advantageous for arrays of regular columns and rows of speakers. A triangular fringe baffle top edge (thnadner) will also reduce sidelobes by about 18 dB if their width is about a wavelength and their height more than 10k−1. The basic baffles design criteria suggested a...

In Memoriam: Hustace H. Poor, 1914-1996

Hustace H. (Stacy) Poor, a member of the AOU since 1934 and an Elective Member since 1950, was born in Yonkers, New York, 9 November 1914, and died in Princeton, Massachusetts, 8 May 1996. Despite an avid interest in natural history as a youth, his career choice was engineering. After graduating from Harvard College in 1936 he obtained a Master's degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Engineering in 1938. That same year he joined Babcock and Wilcox Co., where he remained for 41 years, retiring as Vice-President of the company's research and development division in 1979. Stacy maintained a lifelong interest in natural history, especially birds. In his early years, before the demands of work and family left him little time to pursue his avocational interest, he published a number of articles (largely on gulls) in Auk, Wilson Bulletin and Bird-Banding, and coauthored a paper on vernacular nomenclature with Eugene Eisenmann. During this period, he also was a frequent contributor to the Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York and a writer of synoptic reviews for Bird-Banding. Through the years, Stacy's interest in birds never waned, but gradually his analytical mind focused on the importance of the environment and the ecosystems that make bird life possible. With characteristic energy and zeal he wrote regular nature columns for local newspapers, became Vice-Chairman of the Ohio chapter of the Nature Conservancy, and following his retirement became a member of the Board of the Massachusetts Audubon Society and a founder of the Princeton Land Trust. Stacy Poor was a thoughtful, generous person, a dedicated conservationist, and a man who truly believed in service. Would that the world were peopled with more like him.

Mixed Messages: Authoring and Authority in British Boys' Magazines

Mixed Messages: Authoring and Authority in British Boys’ Magazines Claudia Nelson (bio) A number of editors of British boys’ magazines at the end of the last century were also well known as authors of fiction for boys and/or adults, among them Max Pemberton of Chums, W. H. G. Kingston and G. A. Henty of the short-lived Union Jack, R. S. Warren Bell of the Captain, and “Guy Rayner” (S. Dacre Clarke) of at least nineteen periodicals. 1 In their editorial capacity, however, they typically constructed themselves as a separate species, purveyors of story but not storytellers themselves. They thus qualify as “forgotten authors” in a dual sense, since not only have many of them fallen into obscurity today, but most of them also kept their names off the mastheads in their own day, acknowledging only their work as contributors. 2 Nevertheless, it is appropriate to consider here even editors who did not write fiction as full-fledged authors for boys, not only because of the regular columns that they produced but also because of the control that they exerted over the appearance, contents, and philosophies of their magazines. As Paul Ferris comments of Alfred Harmsworth in his role as publisher of the Halfpenny Marvel (founded 1893), “The voice of Alfred . . . coloured every issue” (61). What we might see as the double meaning inherent in editorship (is editing merely coordinating and blue-penciling, or is it a creative activity akin to, say, conducting an orchestra?) is mirrored by the polysemic appeal of the collaborative texts these editors produced. Although there were any number of topics on which the boys’ magazines of this period are deliberately ambiguous, in this essay I will focus on attitudes toward authority to be found in some representative periodicals. Examining the evolution of correspondence columns and editorials in boys’ magazines between 1824 and 1914, Diana Dixon detects a gradual movement away from authoritarianism and toward a sometimes overstated desire to be the “friend” of one’s young subscribers. Examining the narrower timespan from 1892 to 1910, I propose that in this liminal period, during which [End Page 1] editors and publishers were forced into an ascending spiral of competition for readers, we can see magazines endorse both authoritarianism and friendliness, both respect and contempt for authority figures. Given the state of the periodical-publishing industry of the day, this editorial inconsistency was an important survival strategy. In 1824 there were only five magazines for young people in England; in 1900 there were 160 (Dixon, “Instruction” 63). Kirsten Drotner counts no fewer than 307 commercial British boys’ magazines in existence between 1880 and 1918 (123). And if many of these titles quickly foundered, others as quickly arose to replace them. Hence it was difficult for any one magazine to distinguish itself from its competitors; for one thing, few could claim to have the exclusive services of a given writer. It was not merely that proprietors of multiple story papers would use the same writers for several magazines at once, although that was certainly the case; there was also significant cross-pollination. The public-school magazine the Captain (founded in 1899 by George Newnes), for instance, shared its contributors with rivals that included Chums, the Boy’s Own Paper, Young England, and the Boy’s Journal. Upon finishing a series of stories for one venue, an author might reuse distinctive settings and casts of characters in another series for another periodical, as in the case of Bell’s popular tales of Greyhouse School, which appeared over a decade or more in both the Captain (which Bell edited) and the Boy’s Journal. As Dixon comments, while Harmsworth, influential publisher of numerous boys’ papers, would denounce competitors’ writers in one breath as “drunken, sodden, creatures, whose lives have been one unbroken story of failure,” he would commission contributions from them in the next (qtd. in “Children” 136). In an apparent effort to suggest their difference from other strikingly similar weeklies, some Harmsworth products were even printed on pink or green paper instead of the conventional white (Drotner 127). Niche marketing, in other words, was not the strategy of the more important boys’ titles at this time, although certain...

Comparison of regular and inverted batch distillation

Several alternative strategies have been suggested to increase the productivity of batch distillation. One is the use of inverted columns where the feed is charged to the condenser drum instead of to the reboiler as for regular columns. In the first part of this paper, optimal results in terms of minimum operating time for separations in a regular and an inverted batch column are presented. The differences in dynamic behaviour between the two columns are discussed. Intuitively, one may think that an inverted column is best for separations with large amounts of light component in the feed since, in this case, only a small amount of heavy component needs to be removed from the column. Surprisingly, the opposite is found: the inverted column is better in terms of less operating time when the light component is present in only small amounts and where a large amount of heavy component is removed from the column. In the second part of the paper inverted separations are discussed; i.e. removal of light component in a regular column vs removal of heavy component in an inverted column. Finally, a qualitative comparison between a regular column and an ideal inverted column, where the feed is in vapour phase, is presented.

High-speed liquid chromatographic method for the monitoring of carbamazepine and its active metabolite, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, in human plasma.

The assays of antiepileptic drugs, which are performed by central laboratories in Phase II and III clinical trials, require both a very fast turn-around time and a suitable specificity. In order to decrease the run time and to keep the powerful specificity of the liquid chromatography (HPLC), the use of a reversed-phase 1.5 microns monosized non-porous silicon dioxide microspheres column instead of regular columns containing spherical porous C18 material was studied. The determination of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its active metabolite, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E), in human plasma or serum was chosen to demonstrate the utility of these columns. As a prerequisite of this work, no modification of a regular HPLC system was allowed. The samples were prepared in autosampler vials by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, followed by a quick centrifugation. Without any change to a conventional HPLC system, CBZ and CBZ-E are well separated in less than 2.5 min using a Kovasil MS C14 column. No interference was observed with endogenous compounds and with nine antiepileptic drugs commonly prescribed as co-medication, and their metabolites. Due to the very low specific surface area of the packing, the required organic modifier volume per chromatographic run was decreased by a factor of 25. The method was validated. The developed method is well suited for the determination of CBZ and CBZ-E in clinical trials. It can be easily adapted to the monitoring of other antiepileptic drugs. No modification of a regular HPLC system was required.

Samuel Wesley and the European Magazine

In her 1990 Notes article Musical Press in Nineteenth-Century Leanne Langley described music in Victorian England as a dark and weedy patch in the garden of European traditionally avoided by music historians.(1) In the course of the introductory remarks to her wide-ranging survey she drew attention to the richness of writing on music in the daily press, in general periodicals, and in the specialized music journals that first appeared at this time, and pointed to the need for a scholarly reevaluation of the musical world of nineteenth-century England, which would include a careful and systematic reading of press sources. Far from avoiding this patch of the garden, she suggested, we ought to get in the middle of it and dig.(2) Although Langley's remarks were particularly aimed at the 1820s and later; they are also relevant to the first two decades of the century. This period, coming immediately before the establishment of the two first long-run specialist English music periodicals (Richard Mackenzie Bacon's Quarterly Musical Magazine and Review, founded in 1818 [henceforth QMMR], and William Clowes's monthly Harmonicon, founded in 1823 and edited by William Ayrton), is a particularly neglected part of the patch. It saw two attempts to set up specialist music periodicals: Joseph Kemp's New Musical Magazine, Review and Register, which ran for thirteen monthly numbers in 1809-10, and A. F. C. Kollmann's very differently conceived Quarterly Musical Register, which appeared for only two numbers in 1812.(3) Clearly, either the time was not yet ripe for a periodical devoted exclusively to music, or (more probably) no entrepreneur had hit on the right formula for success in this area. But there was a good deal of writing in the daily and weekly press and in general periodicals: articles on technical and historical topics, reviews of books on music and of musical publications, and a few reviews of performances. Opera was strongly featured in John and Leigh Hunt's weekly The Examiner (founded 1808),(4) and there were regular columns of reviews of music publications for some or all of the period in such magazines as the European Magazine, the Monthly Magazine, the Gentleman's Magazine, and Rudolph Ackermann's Repository of Arts.(5) One immediate obstacle to detailed work on the period, as anyone coming to it from earlier or later soon discovers, is a lack of finding aids. The first two decades of the nineteenth century remains a largely uncharted period, too late for eighteenth-century interests, and too early for the invaluable Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals and the Waterloo Directory of Victorian Periodicals, both of which start their main coverage in 1824.(6) Additionally, writings on music in the general press are not covered by the ongoing RIPM project, which is restricted to specialist music journals.(7) Although a valuable outline of such coverage has been supplied by Langley,(8) a comprehensive index and detailed examination is still needed. An additional problem, not unique to writings on music or to this particular period, is the almost universal convention of anonymity, which applied equally to articles, reviews, and letters.(9) The usual defense of the practice was that an anonymous review spoke with greater authority than a signed one, and that reviewers were able to give their views without fear or favor. The truth, of course, was frequently otherwise. Whereas the cloak of anonymity may in some cases have enabled authors to write with greater honesty and independence, it also allowed them and their editors to follow private agendas in ways that were anything but impartial, promoting and favorably reviewing the work of their friends and professional associates (and even on occasion their own work) while attacking or ignoring that of their enemies.(10) But the convention of anonymity was undoubtedly a useful one for editors, giving them considerable flexibility in the contributors they used and enabling them on occasion to write considerable amounts of their periodicals themselves, under a number of different literary personae and horns de plume. …

The New Curators

Beeson, Stollerman, Solomon: The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society has had outstanding editorial leadership over the past 15 years. The improvement in the quality of the Journal has been spectacular. How, then, do new editors dare consider walking in the footsteps of these giants? One answer is to enlist the aid of a number of collaborating editors. A wide range of academicians and clinicians will be asked to help with the editorial process and to advise the editors on future policy. Over the next few years the Journal will see a variety of new features. We will work actively to increase the quality of clinical science published in the Journal, but will also solicit features that discuss critical issues in the political and economic environment in which we all practice. We will attempt to strike an even balance between articles that are immediately applicable to clinical practice, articles on clinical investigation that are potentially pertinent to future practice, and features that enhance our understanding of the aging process. Also, we will strive to publish articles that are characterized by purity of design, clarity of thought, and creative insights. An article that is methodologically pure but that adds little to what is already known will not fare well. We will encourage reasonable speculation and controversy. Editors are simply curators who attempt to develop an informative forum in which clinicians, researchers, and educators can share and challenge ideas and practices. The success of the Journal over the next few years will depend primarily on our ability to encourage widespread participation in terms of high quality submissions, reviews, editorials, commentaries, and letters to the editors. The Editor-in-Chief and four Associate Editors will collaborate closely and will collectively participate in all policy decisions. This editorial group will probably reject a higher proportion of articles prior to review in order to keep the focus and priorities of the Journal as sharp as possible and to expedite the review process for both authors and editors. In addition to having Section Editors with defined areas of responsibility, other colleagues will be asked to edit one-time series that will deal with clinical issues ranging from long-term care to health care organization and financing. Regular columns on health care policy and news from the National Institute on Aging will be added. The editors welcome suggestions for serials or topics to be covered. Formal surveys of the readership will be undertaken periodically. It is our intent to use current electronic technologic advances to streamline and speed the editorial process for all submissions. In addition to the new cover design, a number of formatting changes will be phased in over time to make the Journal even more inviting and readable. The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society currently has the highest Science Citation Index of any aging-related clinical journal–a great tribute to former editors Beeson, Stollerman, and Solomon. We hope to improve on this record. The success of the field of geriatric medicine is very closely intertwined with the success of the Journal. We will not be able to sustain the Journal's progress unless we have the total support and participation of the clinicians, researchers, and educators in our field. We accept our responsibility as curators, believing that professionals in the fields of geriatric medicine and gerontology can only wish that the Journal will continue to grow and excel.

A Mirror of Ages Past: The Publication of Music in Domestic Periodicals

Thousands of songs and piano pieces have been published in the pages of nonspecialized household issued throughout Europe and the Americas, yet an overall history is lacking for this large repertory of music published in periodicals not devoted to music or music journalism.(1) The publication of complete compositions in music journals, such as Etude Magazine, is familiar to many musicians. While less familiar, serial publications consisting entirely of music constitute another example of music publishing in a periodical format.(2) Music journalism--that is, writing about music, including reviews of concerts, music reviews, regular music columns, reports, essays, and biographical information on composers and performers--is common in newspapers and of the popular press. Less well known, however, is the tradition of music publication in household periodicals as familiar to us as the Atlantic Monthly (music in 1876 and 1877), Harper's Monthly Magazine (songs in 1883 and 1884), the Ladies' Home Journal (about two hundred fifty pieces from 1893 to 1925), Vogue Magazine (Saint's Song, from Gian Carlo Menotti's The Saint of Bleecker Street in 1954) and Newsweek (a Christmas carol commissioned from Walt and Kathleen Kelly in 1955), to cite only a few examples. Although music was sometimes incorporated as examples in reviews or articles about music, this study focuses on music that was included in household periodicals simply as a feature for readers to perform and enjoy at home. The breadth and age of this little-known publishing tradition is perhaps surprising.(3) Journals devoted to music and music study date from the early eighteenth century, but music compositions have been published in periodicals of general interest from as early as 1678, actually predating the earliest music periodicals by several decades. The spectrum of nonspecialized periodicals that included music is diverse, ranging from literary journals and general cultural periodicals, to weekly newspapers and newspaper supplements, as well as family miscellanies meant to entertain and inform the household. Other genres of periodicals that featured music were for children, religious periodicals, political publications, gift-book annuals, and so-called magazines (i.e., of avant-garde poetry, fiction, and criticism). Of special interest to musicians are those compositions published in the periodicals of literary or artistic movements, such as German romanticism, art nouveau, and expressionism. Although the importance and value of contemporaneous music journalism published in belletristic reviews, household magazines, and newspapers is fully recognized, little notice has been given to the compositions themselves, although published in many of the same periodicals. Scant value has been placed on this music, presumably because the repertory was for the fireside rather than for the concert hall, the forms being modest and the styles frequently popular. Many pieces, however, are unique to the magazines, and some were even composed by commission.(4) The composers include men and women whose work we regard as serious, or classical music, as well as popular song writers and amateurs. This music presents a unique mirror of changing musical tastes during the eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries, yet this rich and broad publishing tradition has been largely forgotten. While there is some secondary literature describing music in specific periodicals or within a narrow genre, an overview of this once-common method of music publishing is needed.(5) After a historical sketch of this publishing phenomenon, this study will identify the major categories of general periodicals publishing music, thereby providing a historical context for more detailed examination of specific journals. Music historians and librarians need to be aware that this tradition of music is to be found not in music libraries but rather in periodicals and microfilms in general collections. …