Regular Alcohol Use Research Articles

Is there a safe limit for consumption of alcohol?

In order to understand and curb the harms related to alcohol, it will be necessary to think beyond patterns of use that meet criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder, or addiction. Current research suggests that regular daily alcohol use does not confer a health benefit, and for many persons, even relatively low consumption is associated with a health risk. Determining a safe limit for alcohol consumption is challenging both for the individual person and for society. We conclude that excessive drinking is always risky. We provide a list of circumstances, such as chronic illness, driving a vehicle, or pregnancy where persons should be advised to abstain from alcohol. We recognize the need to encourage less consumption of alcohol, particularly in young adults, and in older adults with co-morbid conditions particularly when taking multiple medications. Finally, we offer the modest proposal that, for persons without the contributing negative influences described above, consumption which adheres to one drink per session, with interspersed abstinent days, does not constitute a meaningful risk to health.

An Early Exploration into Individuals in Treatment Who Co-Use Alcohol and Hallucinogens

There is renewed interest in the therapeutic properties of hallucinogens in the treatment of psychiatric disorders including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Interestingly, however, there is little data regarding the comorbid use of hallucinogens and alcohol among persons with AUD. The paucity of such data constrains both scientific interpretation and treatment development. This analysis, which utilizes data collected from individuals seeking treatment in facilities across North Central Florida, aims to address this gap by examining the use of hallucinogens among individuals seeking treatment for problems with alcohol. Further, by focusing on use patterns among those who report recent and regular use of both alcohol and hallucinogens, this analysis describes correlates with potential clinical utility. Analyses revealed that recent and regular users of hallucinogens and alcohol were significantly younger than those in treatment who did not use hallucinogens (p <0.001). Additionally, treatment seekers who reported regular use experienced more negative life consequences than those who were not regular users (p <0.01). Results suggest that trends in age and drug consequences may contain valuable information to inform treatment modalities, risk prevention strategies, and general scientific knowledge with the help of future investigations.

Decreased prevalence of alcohol use and related sociodemographic factors in an urban district of Shanghai, China: Evidence from three cross-sectional surveys (2010–2021)

BackgroundAlcohol use contributes considerably to the global impact of disease. However, limited research has been conducted recently to explore the changes in the prevalence of alcohol use, especially in urban Shanghai, China. ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence changes of alcohol use and explore related sociodemographic factors among urban residents of Xuhui district, Shanghai, China. MethodsUsing a multistage probability proportionate-to-size sampling method, three waves of household investigations via a structured questionnaire were conducted in Xuhui district, Shanghai, China, between 2010 and 2021. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews among residents aged 15 or older who responded to the 2010, 2015, and 2021 Health Status and Health Service Utilization Survey. Age and sex standardized prevalence of alcohol use was calculated, and the linear trend was tested using logistic regression models. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models with robust covariance matrix estimators were used to estimate related factors of alcohol use. ResultsA total of 24 552 participants aged 15–109 years were included. The standardized overall prevalence of current regular alcohol use statistically declined from 8.8 % in 2010 to 5.5 % in 2021. This decreasing trend was statistically significant, especially among men aged 30–59 and ≥ 75 years old. However, the prevalence of overall alcohol use, regardless of frequency, increased from 19.6 % in 2015 to 24.0 % in 2021. Multivariate regression analysis showed that men had a significantly higher likelihood of regular alcohol use than women. Also, age was positively related to regular alcohol use, while education level was negatively related to this behavior. ConclusionsAlcohol use was still common, although a significant decreasing trend in the prevalence of regular alcohol use was observed overall, in this study population. The findings call for strengthened health education and alcohol control in the context of the harmful effects of alcohol use at any level.

Nutrition, Obesity, and Seborrheic Dermatitis: Systematic Review.

Pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis involves lipid secretion by sebaceous glands, Malassezia colonization, and an inflammatory response with skin barrier disruption. Each of these pathways could be modulated by diet, obesity, and nutritional supplements. Current treatment options provide only temporary control of the condition; thus, it is essential to recognize modifiable lifestyle factors that may play a role in determining disease severity. This study aimed to summarize published evidence on diet, nutritional supplements, alcohol, obesity, and micronutrients in patients with seborrheic dermatitis and to provide useful insights into areas of further research. A literature search of Scopus, PubMed, and MEDLINE (Ovid interface) for English language papers published between 1993 and 2023 was conducted on April 16, 2023. Case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials with 5 or more subjects conducted on adult participants (>14 years) were included, case reports, case series, and review papers were excluded due to insufficient level of evidence. A total of 13 studies, 8 case-control, 3 cross-sectional, and 2 randomized controlled trials, involving 13,906 patients were included. Seborrheic dermatitis was correlated with significantly increased copper, manganese, iron, calcium, and magnesium concentrations and significantly lower serum zinc and vitamin D and E concentrations. Adherence to the Western diet was associated with a higher risk for seborrheic dermatitis in female patients and an increased consumption of fruit was associated with a lower risk of seborrheic dermatitis in all patients. The prebiotic Triphala improved patient satisfaction and decreased scalp sebum levels over 8 weeks. Most studies find associations between regular alcohol use and seborrheic dermatitis, but the association between BMI and obesity on seborrheic dermatitis severity and prevalence is mixed. This review sheds light on specific promising areas of research that require further study, including the need for interventional studies evaluating serum zinc, vitamin D, and vitamin E supplementation for seborrheic dermatitis. The negative consequences of a Western diet, alcohol use, obesity, and the benefits of fruit consumption are well known; however, to fully understand their specific relationships to seborrheic dermatitis, further cohort or interventional studies are needed. PROSPERO CRD42023417768; https://tinyurl.com/bdcta893.

May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Nepal.

Despite the well-recognized importance of prevention and early treatment of hypertension, the majority of adults in Nepal are not aware of their high blood pressure (BP) and are left untreated. In this paper, we report the result of the May Measure Month 2021 campaign in Nepal: a nationwide community-based hypertension screening campaign. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey was conducted in 15 districts between September 2021 and December 2021. An individual was included if aged 18 years or more and provided informed consent. Structured questionnaires were administered, and BP was measured three times in a sitting position by trained volunteers. A total of 5172 participants were included. The median age (interquartile range) was 37 (25-51), and 49.9% were female. The mean (SD) of the systolic and diastolic BP was 123.9 (14.9) and 80.2 (9.3) mmHg, respectively. A total of 1066 participants (20.6%) were identified as hypertensive (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication), of whom 399 (39.5%) and 298 (29.5%) were aware of their BP status and treated with at least one antihypertensive medicine, respectively. Blood pressure control (<140/90 mmHg) was achieved in 15.6% of all hypertensives and in 56.0% of treated individuals. Multivariate logistic regression showed an association between hypertension and the following variables: every 1-year increase of age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13 (1.11-1.15) if age < 40 and OR = 1.05 (1.04-1.06) if age ≥ 40], male [OR = 1.57 (1.33-1.89)], regular alcohol use [OR = 1.59 (1.30-1.93)], and diabetes [OR = 2.63 (1.93-3.58)]. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control were suboptimal in Nepal. This study supports a strong need to scale up community-based hypertension programmes in Nepal and raises the possibility of task sharing with community health workers.

Strategies for isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV-positive patients who consume alcohol.

<sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>WHO guidance to defer isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) among those with regular alcohol use because of hepatotoxicity concerns may exclude many people living with HIV (PLWH) at high TB risk in these settings.</sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title>To evaluate hepatotoxicity during TB preventive therapy (TPT) in PLWH who report alcohol use in Uganda over 10 years.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>We developed a Markov model of latent TB infection, isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT - a type of TPT), and TB disease using data from the Alcohol Drinkers' Exposure to Preventive Therapy for TB (ADEPTT) study. We modeled several treatment scenarios, including no IPT, IPT with liver enzyme monitoring (AST/ALT) during treatment, and IPT with pre-screening using the tuberculin skin test (TST).</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>The no IPT scenario had 230 TB deaths/100,000 population over 10 years, which is more than that seen in any IPT scenario. IPT, even with no monitoring, was preferred over no IPT when population TB disease incidence was >50 in 100,000.</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title>For PLWH who report alcohol use in high TB burden settings, IPT should be offered, ideally with regular AST/ALT monitoring. However, even if regular monitoring is not possible, IPT is still preferable to no IPT in almost every modeled scenario.</sec>.

Estrogen and alcohol use in women: a targeted literature review.

Alcohol is posited to affect sex steroid hormone concentrations, and a growing body of research has demonstrated menstrual cycle effects on women's use of alcohol. The present targeted review synthesizes the literature examining the relationship between alcohol use and estradiol in women and suggests directions for future research. Articles were identified using the PubMed database using the following criteria: published in English, presented original findings for women, were peerreviewed, and included measures of estradiol levels in the analyses. Twenty-nine articles were identified for inclusion. Results from this review indicate acute alcohol use temporarily increases estradiol levels in women, and this may be strongest when gonadotropins are high. Regular alcohol use (≥1 drink per day) increases estradiol levels, but estradiol appears to be suppressed in women with alcohol use disorders and physiologic dependence. Alcohol use tends to be highest in women during ovulation, when estradiol is high, and progesterone is low. Alcohol use increases estradiol levels in women, particularly in the presence of gonadotropins. More research is needed to assess the effect of estradiol on alcohol use in women. Research on the relationship of estrogen and alcohol use in women is needed to elucidate health outcomes through the lifespan.

Phosphatidylethanol in post-mortem brain: Correlation with blood alcohol concentration and alcohol use disorder

Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is an alcohol derivative that has been employed as a blood-based biomarker for regular alcohol use. This study investigates the utility of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) as a biomarker for assessing alcohol consumption in post-mortem brain tissue. Using samples from the New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre, we analysed PEth(16:0/18:1) levels in the cerebellum and meninges of individuals with varying histories of alcohol use, including those diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and controls. Our findings demonstrate a significant correlation between PEth levels and blood alcohol content (BAC) at the time of death, supporting the biomarker's sensitivity to recent alcohol intake. Furthermore, this study explores the potential of PEth levels in differentiating AUD cases from controls, taking into consideration the complexities of diagnosing AUD post-mortem. The study also examined the relationship between PEth levels and liver pathology, identifying a link with the severity of liver damage. These results underscore the value of PEth as a reliable indicator of alcohol consumption and its potential contributions to post-mortem diagnostics and consequently, research into alcohol-related brain damage.

Ninety-day postoperative mortality and complications in continuous and unselected single-stage revisions for chronic periprosthetic joint infection.

Single-stage revision has gained significant attention as a major surgical approach for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, the 90-day mortality and complication profile of single-stage revision is poorly characterized. The purposes of this study were to determine the incidence rates of and identify the risk factors for 90-day postoperative mortality and complications of single-stage revision for chronic PJI. A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent single-stage revision for PJI between August 2000 and May 2022. Patient demographics, 90-day mortality, and postoperative complications were recorded. Complications were categorized into systemic and local complications. Patients in this study were further categorized into knee and hip revision groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant independent predictors of the outcome measures. 348 patients (144 knees and 204 hips) were included in this study. The 90-day mortality rate was 0.9%. The incidence rates of postoperative complications in knee and hip surgeries were 31.3% and 19.6%, respectively. The most common complication was deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was the independent predictor of mortality. In the knee revision group, fungal infection was identified as the independent predictor of recurrent PJI; regular alcohol use was predictive of wound dehiscence. Among hip PJI patients, age ≥ 80years was independently associated with DVT; RA was found to be a predictor of dislocation and wound dehiscence. For continuous and unselected patients with chronic PJI, single-stage revision demonstrated a satisfactory 90-day mortality. Nevertheless, the 90-day postoperative complication rates after single-stage revision in both knee and hip groups were relatively high.

Examining the validity of the addictions neuroclinical assessment domains in a crowdsourced sample of adults with current alcohol use.

Several dimensional frameworks for characterizing heterogeneity in alcohol use disorder (AUD) have been proposed, including the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA). The ANA is a framework for assessing individual variability within AUD across three domains corresponding to the proposed stages of the addiction cycle: reward (binge-intoxication stage), negative emotionality (withdrawal-negative affect stage), and cognitive control (preoccupation-anticipation stage). Recent work has evaluated the ANA's three-factor structure and construct validity, primarily in treatment-seekers with AUD. We extended this research by examining the factor structure, bias across alcohol use severity, longitudinal invariance, and concurrent and predictive validity of a novel assessment of the ANA domains in adults with past 12-month regular (10 + alcohol units/week) alcohol use. Participants recruited from Prolific (N = 732), a crowdsourced data collection platform, completed various self-report measures. A test-retest subsample (n = 234) completed these measures 30 days later. Split-half exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor structure of the ANA. The overall factor structure was invariant across 30 days. Concurrently and prospectively, ANA domains demonstrated convergent validity concerning theoretically aligned alcohol-related, psychological, and personality measures. However, there was evidence of poor discriminant validity, and several cognitive control and reward items demonstrated bias across alcohol use severity. Future research is needed to improve the measurement of ANA domains using multimodal indicators, examine longitudinal changes in domains and their relationship with alcohol use severity, characterize phenotypic subgroups based on relative levels of domains, and compare the utility of the ANA with other proposed frameworks for measuring AUD heterogeneity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Hazardous Alcohol Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Persistent or Recurrent Pain: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study.

Although pain and alcohol use are highly prevalent and associated with deleterious health outcomes among older adults, a paucity of literature has examined hazardous drinking among older adults with pain. We aimed to examine the prevalence of hazardous drinking among a nationally representative sample of older adults with persistent or recurrent pain. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of data collected from the 2018 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Participants included 1 549 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 with persistent or recurrent pain (ie, clinically significant pain present at 2 consecutive survey waves). More than one-quarter of older adults with persistent or recurrent pain reported regular alcohol use (≥weekly), nearly half of whom reported hazardous patterns of drinking. Specifically, 32% reported excessive drinking (ie, >2 drinks per day for older men; >1 drink per day for older women), and 22% reported binge drinking (ie, ≥4 drinks on one occasion). Exploratory analyses revealed a high prevalence of hazardous drinking among the subsample of older adults who used opioids (47%). Hazardous alcohol use-including both excessive and binge drinking-is common among older adults with persistent or recurrent pain, including those who take opioids. Given that hazardous drinking can complicate pain management and increase the risk for adverse opioid effects (eg, overdose), the current findings underscore the importance of assessing and addressing hazardous patterns of alcohol use among older adults with persistent or recurrent pain.

The Influence of Gambling on Mood State and Alcohol Cravings.

Several decades of research have experimentally investigated the influence of alcohol on gambling. However, there has been only minimal experimental exploration of how gambling influences alcohol use. The aim of the current project was to evaluate how gambling influenced mood state and alcohol cravings through randomized experimental design when analyzed with comparison conditions.College students (N = 76) who reported regular alcohol use, gambling within the past year, and being college basketball fans were randomly assigned to watch a video of an exciting basketball game, watch a nondysphoric basketball game, watch a movie, or engage in slot machine gambling. Participants who watched exciting sports or engaged in gambling to reported more energized mood states and higher urges to drink compared to those who watched nondysphoric sports or a movie. These results suggest that the context of gambling may prime individuals to want to consume alcohol.

Abstract PR003: An examination of tobacco and alcohol outlet density in Boston to identify priority areas for cancer prevention efforts using environmental justice mapping

Abstract Background. Inequitable access to health-harming substances in the built environment can create and exacerbate race and SES-based disparities in cancer incidence and mortality. Availability and density of tobacco and alcohol outlets is associated with increased experimentation, initiation, and regular use of alcohol and tobacco products. Prior studies examining the sale of tobacco and alcohol indicate that these outlets tend to be concentrated in communities of color and low-income areas. Massachusetts has highlighted environmental justice (EJ), one’s right to be protected from hazards and live in clean, health-promoting environments, as a priority issue and identified block group populations who are at most risk of environmental burdens. The objective of this study was to (a) examine the distribution of tobacco and alcohol outlets in environmental justice block groups in Boston, and (b) compare outlet density in more deprived neighborhoods to more privileged neighborhoods. Methods. Publicly available licensing lists for tobacco and alcohol retailers with geocoded data were obtained from the City of Boston’s open data hub. Lists were de-duplicated so that retailers that sell both tobacco and alcohol products were only represented once. The environmental justice block group layer (2020) was downloaded from Mass.gov. EJ block groups meet one or more of the following criteria: ‘high minority’ (&amp;gt;40% non-white population), ‘low-income’, or ‘high English isolation.’ ArcGIS Pro software was used to spatially join retailer data to Boston block groups and calculate tobacco and alcohol outlet density (the number of retailers per 1,000 people). Sociodemographic and cancer mortality data from the Health of Boston Report was used to classify neighborhoods as ‘more privileged’ (Back Bay, Beacon Hill, North End, West End) or ‘more deprived’ (Dorchester, Hyde Park, Mattapan, Roslindale, Roxbury). Results. Of the 560 Boston block groups analyzed, 458 (81.8%) were considered environmental justice block groups with 60% of EJ block groups classified as ‘high minority’. There were 931 retailers that sell tobacco or alcohol products for off-premises consumption in Boston, with 86% of these retailers (n=811) located in EJ block groups. On average, tobacco and alcohol outlet density was greater in EJ block groups compared to non-EJ block groups (2.09 vs 1.25 retailers per 1,000 residents). Nearly half (48%) of environmental justice block groups in Boston are located in the most deprived neighborhoods compared to only 3.7% in the most privileged neighborhoods. Tobacco outlet density is significantly higher in deprived neighborhoods compared to privileged neighborhoods (1.25 vs 0.98, p &amp;lt; 0.01). However, alcohol density is lower in more deprived block groups compared to more privileged ones (0.35 vs 0.74, p &amp;lt; 0.01). Conclusion. Environmental justice mapping can be used as a tool to identify areas where cancer prevention efforts may be enhanced by modifying the built environment to reduce clusters of alcohol and tobacco outlets. Citation Format: Lindsay Kephart. An examination of tobacco and alcohol outlet density in Boston to identify priority areas for cancer prevention efforts using environmental justice mapping [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PR003.

Relationship between mood disorders and substance involvement and the shared genetic liabilities: A population-based study in Taiwan

BackgroundThis study explored the phenotypic association of mood disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD), with a range of substance involvement, including lifetime experience and age at initiation of tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut use. Additionally, we elucidated polygenic risk score (PRS) association. MethodsIn total, 132,615 community participants were recruited from the Taiwan Biobank. Genome-wide genotyping data were available for 106,806 unrelated individuals, and the PRS for MDD and BPD was calculated. The significance of mood disorders and PRSs associated with substance involvement were evaluated using a linear/logistic regression model with adjustment for potential confounders. Sex differences were assessed. ResultsMDD and BPD were associated with regular alcohol consumption, drinking cessation, tobacco smoking, smoking cessation, betel nut chewing, and earlier onset of drinking. BPD was associated with an earlier onset of smoking. MDD PRS was associated with regular alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation increase in PRS = 1.03, p = 0.018), alcohol cessation (OR = 1.05, p = 0.03), regular tobacco use (OR = 1.08, p < 0.0001), and betel nut chewing (OR = 1.06, p < 0.0001), whereas BPD PRS was not associated with substance use. Phenotypic association strengths between MDD/BPD and regular drinking/smoking and the polygenic association between MDD PRS and regular smoking were larger in females than in males. LimitationsRetrospective self-reported MDD/BPD diagnoses and substance involvement. ConclusionsMood disorders were associated with a range of substance involvement. Shared genetic architecture contributed to the co-occurrence of MDD and substance involvement. These findings may help design prevention and cessation strategies for substance use.

Exploring Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in Adolescence: the Role of Health Complaints and Psychosocial Determinants in an Italian Sample

AbstractAdolescents are particularly prone to engage in health-risk behaviors such as alcohol and substance use, which can significantly impact their present and future lives. Our study explores the factors contributing to (1) regular alcohol use (i.e., at least 3 to 5 times in the last 30 days) and (2) binge drinking (i.e., drinking at least five glasses of alcohol in a single sitting in the last 12 months) in adolescents, in the 2014 and 2018 waves of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey conducted in the Lombardy region, Italy. Data collection used a stratified cluster sampling method to obtain a representative sample of adolescents (N = 6506) aged 11, 13, and 15 years (49.7% females). We used structural equation models (SEM) to explore the association of individual-related factors, including health complaints (i.e., somatic problems and psychological problems) and psychosocial variables (i.e., perceived support from family, peers, and teachers), on regular alcohol consumption and binge drinking. Overall, 9.9% of adolescents reported regular alcohol drinking and 18.3% binge drinking. The findings highlighted that higher somatic problems are associated with increased regular alcohol use (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.04–1.46), and higher psychological problems are associated with increased binge drinking (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.15–1.55). Moreover, lower perceived support from teachers is significantly associated with both regular (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.25–1.59) and binge drinking (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.28–1.57), and lower perceived student support is associated with a reduced risk of both usual drinking (OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.77–0.98) and binge drinking (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.78–0.96). The study findings emphasize the importance of tackling somatic and psychological health and psychosocial support, particularly in the school environment, through interventions aimed at controlling adolescent drinking habits.

Risk and restraint-The key to understanding the decreasing use of alcohol for young people in high income countries?

In this article we seek to understand the changing social position of alcohol use for young people in Australia by identifying how alcohol has become framed as posing a significant risk to their bodies and futures. Forty interviews were conducted with young people aged 18-21 years from Melbourne, Australia, who had previously identified as light drinkers or abstainers. Drawing on insights from contemporary sociologies of risk, we explored how risk was discussed as a governing concept that shaped young people's views of alcohol, and how it encouraged or necessitated risk-avoidance in daily life. Participants drew on a range of risk discourses in framing their abstention or moderate drinking along the lines of health, wellness, wisdom and productivity. They reiterated social constructions of heavy or regular alcohol use as irresponsible, threatening and potentially addictive. The focus on personal responsibility was striking in most accounts. Participants seemed to have routinised ways of practicing risk avoidance and coordinated drinking practices with other practices in their everyday life, with alcohol therefore 'competing for time'. Our findings endorse the idea that discourses of risk and individual responsibility shape the contemporary socio-cultural value of alcohol for young people. Risk avoidance has become routine and is manifested through the practice of restraint and control. This appears particular to high-income countries like Australia, where concerns about young people's futures and economic security are increasing, and where neoliberal politics are the foundations of governmental ideology.

Alcohol use and internal migration in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAlcohol use is a leading cause of disease. Although low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have lower per capita alcohol consumption, the alcohol-attributable disease burden is high in these settings with...

Does polygenic risk for substance-related traits predict ages of onset and progression of symptoms?

Genetic risk can influence disease progression. We measured the impact of genetic risk for substance use disorders (SUDs) on substance use onset and progression of symptoms. Using findings from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of alcohol use disorder (AUD), opioid use disorder (OUD) and smoking trajectory (SMK) as discovery samples, we calculated polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in a deeply phenotyped independent target sample. Participants in the target sample were recruited from 2000 to 2020 from US inpatient or outpatient settings or through advertisements and comprised 5692 European-ancestry individuals (EUR) (56.2% male) and 4918 African-ancestry individuals (AFR) (54.9% male). This study measured age of first substance use, regular use, reported problems and dependence diagnosis and progression from regular use to onset of problems and dependence for alcohol, opioids and smoking. We examined the contribution of PRS to each milestone and progression measure. EUR and males reported an earlier onset and shorter progression times than AFR and females, respectively. Among EUR, higher AUD PRS predicted earlier onset and more rapid progression to alcohol-related milestones (P < 0.001). Althoughthe AUD PRS was a stronger moderator of problem onset among females (P = 0.017), it was more predictive of the progression to problems among males (P = 0.005). OUD and SMK PRS in EUR also predicted earlier onset of the respective milestones (P < 0.001). Among AFR, where power is lower due to the smaller discovery sample, AUD PRS predicted age of regular alcohol use (P = 0.039) and dependence (P = 0.001) and progression from regular use to diagnosis (P = 0.045), while SMK PRS predicted earlier age of initiation (P = 0.036). Genetic risk for SUDs appears to predict substance use milestones and symptom progression among European-ancestry individuals and, to a lesser extent, African-ancestry individuals.

MP45-20 PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF VERY YOUNG MEN WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION - FINDINGS FROM A REAL-LIFE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP45-20 PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF VERY YOUNG MEN WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION - FINDINGS FROM A REAL-LIFE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Edoardo Pozzi, Federico Belladelli, Giuseppe Fallara, Simone Cilio, Christian Corsini, Francesco Lanzaro, Alessandro Bertini, Massimiliano Raffo, Fausto Negri, Ludovica Cella, Margherita Fantin, Luigi Candela, Paolo Capogrosso, Luca Boeri, Alessia D'arma, Francesco Montorsi, and Andrea Salonia Edoardo PozziEdoardo Pozzi More articles by this author , Federico BelladelliFederico Belladelli More articles by this author , Giuseppe FallaraGiuseppe Fallara More articles by this author , Simone CilioSimone Cilio More articles by this author , Christian CorsiniChristian Corsini More articles by this author , Francesco LanzaroFrancesco Lanzaro More articles by this author , Alessandro BertiniAlessandro Bertini More articles by this author , Massimiliano RaffoMassimiliano Raffo More articles by this author , Fausto NegriFausto Negri More articles by this author , Ludovica CellaLudovica Cella More articles by this author , Margherita FantinMargherita Fantin More articles by this author , Luigi CandelaLuigi Candela More articles by this author , Paolo CapogrossoPaolo Capogrosso More articles by this author , Luca BoeriLuca Boeri More articles by this author , Alessia D'armaAlessia D'arma More articles by this author , Francesco MontorsiFrancesco Montorsi More articles by this author , and Andrea SaloniaAndrea Salonia More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003291.20AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a relatively common complaint among young men. Prevalence and risk factors of very young men (defined as men younger than 29 yr of age at first presentation) with ED has been scantly analysed. We aimed to assess and compare the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of young (30-40 yr) and very young (18-29 yr) ED patients and to explore the changes in patterns of reported ED in men with ≤ 29 yr over a 17-yr period at a single academic centre. METHODS: Data from 519 consecutive patients < 40 yr of age at first presentation for ED as their primary compliant between 2005 and 2022 were analysed. Health significant comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). All patients completed the IIEF. Patients were segregated into two groups: 18-29 vs. 30-40 yr. Descriptive statistics tested sociodemographic and clinical differences between the two cohorts. Linear regression and local polynomial models were applied to explore and graphically display the trend of assessing 18-29 vs. 30-40-yr ED patients over the analysed time frame. RESULTS: Overall, 191 (36.8%) were < 29 yr and 328 (63.2%) were 30-40 yr. The two groups did not differ in terms of commonly recognised ED risk factors (CCI, regular physical exercise and regular alcohol use). Rates of severe ED (IIEF-EF<11) did not differ between the two cohorts at presentation (20.9% vs. 18.6%) respectively. Conversely, younger patients were less likely to report a stable partner (45.5% vs. 61.6%, p<0.001), to suffer of arterial hypertension (3.7% vs. 8.5%, p=0.04) and had lower BMI (22.8 vs. 24.5 kg/m2, p<0.001) but higher total testosterone (5.6 vs. 5.1 ng/mL, p=0.01), respectively. At linear regression analysis, patients assessed throughout the 17-yr time frame were progressively younger (Coeff –0.09, p<0.001). Figure 1 graphically displays the probability of assessing younger patients over the 17-yr time frame with median (IQR) age in 2005 of 34 (32-34) yr vs. 29 (25-32) yr in 2022. CONCLUSIONS: Among young men seeking first medical help for new onset ED, one out of three has less than 29 yr. Of those, one out of five reports criteria suggestive of severe ED. The probability of assessing very young men complaining of ED (18-29 yr) has worrisomely increased over the last two decades. Source of Funding: © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e629 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Edoardo Pozzi More articles by this author Federico Belladelli More articles by this author Giuseppe Fallara More articles by this author Simone Cilio More articles by this author Christian Corsini More articles by this author Francesco Lanzaro More articles by this author Alessandro Bertini More articles by this author Massimiliano Raffo More articles by this author Fausto Negri More articles by this author Ludovica Cella More articles by this author Margherita Fantin More articles by this author Luigi Candela More articles by this author Paolo Capogrosso More articles by this author Luca Boeri More articles by this author Alessia D'arma More articles by this author Francesco Montorsi More articles by this author Andrea Salonia More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Changes in secondary substance use after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use cannabis: Findings from a web-based sample of adults in the United States.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had widespread impacts on mental health and substance use. Increases in cannabis use have been documented in the United States, but little is known about how other substance use has changed among people who use cannabis. We sought to examine changes in alcohol, tobacco, opioid, and stimulant use during COVID-19 and explore how these changes relate to patterns of cannabis use. Data were obtained from a web-based survey of adults in the United States who use cannabis (n = 1,471) administered in September 2020. Using data reported in retrospective (prepandemic) and time-of-survey assessment periods, we explored changes in the prevalence of regular (≥ weekly) alcohol, tobacco, opioid, and stimulant use during COVID-19 among respondents who used medical and nonmedical cannabis. We used modified Poisson regression to examine cannabis-related correlates of increasing or decreasing secondary substance use during the pandemic. There was a slight but significant increase in ≥weekly alcohol use in the medical use group only (41.4%-47.0%, p = .034). ≥ Weekly tobacco, opioid, and stimulant use did not change significantly. Pandemic-concurrent shifts in secondary substance use depended on interacting cannabis-related factors including medical cannabis use, prepandemic cannabis frequency, and pandemic-concurrent frequency changes. For example, ≥ weekly prepandemic cannabis use was significantly and positively associated with decreasing opioid use frequency among the medical cannabis use group only. Assessments of the pandemic's effects on substance use should consider relationships between cannabis and other substances, which may differ according to cannabis-specific behaviors, motives, and contexts of use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).