Regression Modeling Techniques Research Articles

Operating costs and profitability to company value

Increasing economic growth makes competition tighter in the business world, especially in the food and beverage business. This study investigates the interaction between operational costs, profitability, and company value in Indonesia's food and beverage sector. The aim is to gain insight into how these factors interact and affect the overall value of companies in the Indonesian region. This analysis uses quantitative methods based on financial data and relevant metrics for a sample of Food and Beverages companies operating in Indonesia, as many as 24 companies, with purposive sampling techniques of 17 companies sampled for 2020 – 2022. This study examines the relationship between firm cost, profitability, and value through statistical analysis and linear regression modelling techniques with SPSS version 26. The results showed that operational expenses had a significant effect on the value of the company. Profitability has a substantial impact on the value of the company. Then, operating costs and profitability have a considerable effect on the value of the company. The findings contribute to the existing literature on company valuations by providing empirical evidence specific to Indonesia's Food and Beverages sector. The research has implications for policymakers, investors, and managers, as it offers valuable insights into the factors that drive corporate value in the industry, helping stakeholders make decisions and strategies to improve performance and competitiveness. Provide benefits in the context of financial management.

Cash turnover and receivables turnover to the profitability of food and beverages sector companies for the 2018-2022 period

Increasingly complex market dynamics and intense business competition are challenges for companies to maintain and improve their financial performance, especially in the food and beverages subsector. This study investigates the interaction between cash turnover, accounts receivables, and company profitability in Indonesia's food and beverages sector. The goal is to gain insight into how these factors interact and affect the overall profitability of a particular food and beverage company. This analysis uses quantitative methods based on financial data and relevant metrics for a sample of 17 food and beverage companies operating in Indonesia according to the variables studied. This study examines the relationship between cash turnover, receivables turnover, and profitability through statistical analysis and linear regression modeling techniques with SPSS version 26. The results showed that cash turnover significantly negatively affected profitability in food and beverages. Receivables turnover does not exert a significant effect on profitability. Cash turnover and receivables turnover also simultaneously do not have a substantial impact on profitability. The findings contribute to the existing literature on company valuations by providing empirical evidence specific to the food and beverages sector. The research has implications for policymakers, investors, and managers, as it offers valuable insights into the factors that drive a company's profitability, helping stakeholders make decisions and strategies to improve performance and competitiveness. Provide benefits in the context of financial management.

The company's value is influenced by profitability and liquidity

This study investigates the interaction between capital structure, net profit margin, and company value in the manufacturing sector in Indonesia. The goal is to gain insight into how these factors interact and affect the overall value of a company in a particular region and industry. This analysis uses quantitative methods based on financial data and relevant metrics for a sample of food and beverage sector companies operating in Indonesia from 2019 – 2023, with sample data of 15 companies having been used. This study examines the relationship between profitability, liquidity, and company value through statistical analysis and linear regression modeling techniques with SPSS version 26. The results showed that profitability had a significant effect on the value of the company. Liquidity does not affect the value of the company. Profitability and liquidity simultaneously affect the value of a company. The findings contribute to the existing literature on company valuations by providing empirical evidence specific to the food and beverage sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research has implications for policymakers, investors, and managers, as it offers valuable insights into the factors that drive corporate value in the industry, helping stakeholders make decisions and strategies to improve performance and competitiveness. Provide benefits in the context of financial management

Formative Assessment Practices and its Effect on Employability Skills to Vocational Students in Tanzania

The study evaluated the effect of formative assessment practices on employability skills development. Specifically, the study explored students’ perceptions on essential employability skills for vocational career; examined formative assessment practices in vocational training centres and assessed the influence of formative assessment practices on employability skills among vocational students in Tanzania. It adopted a pragmatism paradigm which enabled the use of sequential explanatory mixed methods design. Data were collected from 97 vocational students and six vocational tutors sampled from Chang’ombe and Mwanza Vocational training centres. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using regression model and content analysis techniques respectively. The study found that, vocational Students perceive a number of employability skills as essential for their career. The vocational education and training centres employ workshop, industrial projects and field placement as formative assessment practices to enhance such employability skills. However, formative assessment which is essential for employability skills, accounts only for 40%, compared to 60% of its counterpart summative assessment. Therefore, the study recommends for curriculum review to give formative assessment a more weight than summative assessment. Further study may develop measuring scale for employability skills among vocational education graduates in Tanzania.

Barriers to Solar PV Adoption in Developing Countries: Multiple Regression and Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach

The globe is transitioning from traditional methods of electricity generation to renewable resources in order to achieve sustainable goals. Solar energy is a promising and abundant renewable resource that shows great potential as a viable alternative to traditional energy. Furthermore, the production of electricity from solar energy is the most cost-effective compared to other kinds of renewable energy. Nevertheless, the execution of solar initiatives in underdeveloped nations is encountering several obstacles. Identifying the most significant obstacles in the execution of solar projects is of utmost importance. This study uses a linear regression model (LRM) and an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to determine the main barriers to the implementation of renewable energy projects in a developing economy, i.e., Pakistan. By conducting an extensive review of the relevant literature and consulting with experts, the most significant categories of obstacles were determined. A survey based on 429 responses was collected from the participants working at solar projects. Subsequently, the responses were subjected to processing and analysis using the relative importance index (RII), AHP, and linear regression modeling techniques. The linear regression analysis revealed several significant variables that hinder progress, including financial conditions, policies, technological awareness, institutional support, social and environmental awareness, market stability, and other miscellaneous factors. The AHP analysis revealed the key factors that have the greatest impact, which include effective policies, financial stability, technological expertise, institutional support, market stability, various aspects, and social and environmental awareness. The study’s conclusions are beneficial for all stakeholders and project managers in enhancing the project management of solar initiatives. It would also facilitate prompt decision-making regarding policy formulation and implementation.

Current ratio, return on assets and company size to capital structure in manufacturing companies in the food and beverage subsector

This study investigates the interaction between the current ratio, return on assets, company size and capital structure in Indonesia's food and beverage sector. The goal is to gain insight into how these factors interact and affect the overall value of a company in a particular region and industry. This analysis uses quantitative methods based on financial data and relevant metrics for a sample of 15 food and beverage sector companies operating in Indonesia. This study examines the relationship between the current ratio, return on assets, and company size to capital structure through statistical analysis and linear regression modelling techniques with SPSS version 26. The results showed that the current ratio did not significantly affect the capital structure. Return on assets does not have a significant effect on the capital structure. Then, the size of the company has a significant influence on the capital structure. The current ratio, return on set, and company size affect the capital structure simultaneously. The findings contribute to the existing literature on company valuations by providing empirical evidence specific to the food and beverage sector. The research has implications for policymakers, investors, and managers, as it offers valuable insights into the factors driving shaping capital structures in the industry, helping stakeholders make decisions and strategies to improve performance and competitiveness. Provide benefits in the context of financial management

Evaluating the influence of primary healthcare nurse practitioners' interventions in home care on hospitalizations and emergency department transfers.

Home care allows patients with functional limitations to receive services at home and prevent health decline. Home care can reduce hospitalization and emergency department (ED) transfers. Integrating primary healthcare nurse practitioners (PHCNPs) in home care increases the supply of services, but little is known about their influence on patients' ability to remain at home. Evaluate the influence of PHCNPs' interventions on hospitalizations and ED transfers in patients receiving care from interprofessional home care teams with PHCNPs. The retrospective cohort study employed multiple logistic regression and Cox modelling techniques to assess the influence of PHCNP interventions on hospitalizations and ED transfers. Descriptive and bivariate analyses examined sample characteristics and variable associations. Four purposively selected sites in Québec, Canada, were included. Data were collected from electronic health records of all patients (n = 343) receiving home care from these teams. The characteristics of the sites, sample, and PHCNP interventions were described. Planned interventions led to a 5.8% decrease in hospitalizations and ED transfers (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.058, p = 0.039), while unplanned interventions resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in this outcome (adjusted OR: 1.518, p < 0.001). The risk of hospitalization and ED transfers increased by 10.7 times with unplanned interventions (adjusted OR: 10.651, p = 0.002). Furthermore, imaging was associated with a 2-fold increased risk (adjusted OR: 1.954, p = 0.021), consultations with a 1.8-fold increased risk (adjusted OR: 1.849, p = 0.034), and laboratory test-related interventions after 30 or more days reduced the risk by 68.0% (adjusted OR: 0.320, p < 0.001). PHCNPs in interprofessional home care teams show promise in reducing hospitalizations and ED transfers through planned visits. These findings provide valuable insights that can contribute to enhancing home care services for a population with limited access to healthcare and high healthcare needs. Further research is needed in other jurisdictions.

The effect of debt to equity ratio and company size on profit growth in property and real estate sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period

This study investigates the interaction of debt-to-equity ratio, company size, and corporate profit on companies in Indonesia's property sector. The aim is to gain insight into how these factors interact and affect the overall value of a company's earnings in a particular property sector area. This analysis uses quantitative methods based on financial data and relevant metrics for a sample of manufacturing companies operating in Indonesia, as many as 23 companies. This study examines the relationship between debt-to-equity ratio, company size, and company profit through statistical analysis and linear regression modeling techniques with SPSS version 26. The results showed that the debt-to-equity ratio did not affect the company's profit; the size of the company had a significant effect on the company's profit. The debt-to-equity ratio and the company's size do not impact the company's profit. The findings contribute to the existing literature on company valuations by providing empirical evidence specific to the property sector. The research has implications for policymakers, investors, and managers, as it offers valuable insights into the factors that drive a company's profit value, helping stakeholders make decisions and strategies to improve performance and competitiveness. Provide benefits in the context of financial management

Working capital and liquidity to the profitability of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX in 2019-2022

This study investigates the interaction between modes of employment, profitability, and market liquidity in the manufacturing sector. The goal is to gain insight into how these factors interact and affect the overall value of a company in a particular region and industry. This analysis uses quantitative methods based on financial data and relevant metrics for a sample of 10 manufacturing companies. This study examines the relationship between working model, profitability, and market liquidity through statistical analysis and regression modeling techniques. The results showed that working capital has no effect on profitability, liquidity significantly impacts profitability in the manufacturing industry, and operating capital and liquidity simultaneously affect profitability. The findings contribute to the existing literature on company valuations by providing empirical evidence specific to the manufacturing sector. The research has implications for policymakers, investors, and managers, as it offers valuable insights into the factors that drive corporate value in the industry, helping stakeholders make decisions and strategies to improve performance and competitiveness. Provide benefits in the context of financial management.

Capital structure moderation on the effect of net profit margin on company value in the manufacturing company sector for the 2015-2019 period

This study investigates the interaction between capital structure, net profit margin, and company value in the manufacturing sector in Indonesia. The goal is to gain insight into how these factors interact and affect the overall value of a company in a particular region and industry. This analysis uses quantitative methods based on financial data and relevant metrics for a sample of 30 manufacturing companies operating in Indonesia. This study examines the relationship between capital structure, net profit margin, and company value through statistical analysis and linear regression modeling techniques with SPSS version 26. The results showed that capital structure net profit margin significantly affected the company's value in the manufacturing industry. The capital structure reinforces the effect of the net profit margin on the company's value. The findings contribute to the existing literature on company valuations by providing empirical evidence specific to the manufacturing sector in West Java. The research has implications for policymakers, investors, and managers, as it offers valuable insights into the factors that drive corporate value in the industry, helping stakeholders make decisions and strategies to improve performance and competitiveness. Provide benefits in the context of financial management.

Causal Artificial Intelligence Models of Food Quality Data.

Causal Artificial Intelligence Models of Food Quality Data.

Exploring urban land surface temperature with geospatial and regression modelling techniques in Uttarakhand using SVM, OLS and GWR models

Given the climate change challenges, Uttarakhand has become crucial for examining land dynamics and regional climate interactions. This study employed a Support Vector Machine (SVM) for land use and land cover mapping for 2024, achieving 94% accuracy and a Kappa coefficient of 0.90, indicating robust mapping. Key land indices such as NDVI, NDWI, NDBI, NDSI, and NDBaI were calculated, along with Land Surface Temperature (LST) from Landsat 8 imagery. These indices were selected for their relevance in representing vegetation health (NDVI), measuring water content (NDWI), assessing urban areas (NDBI), identifying snow cover (NDSI), and highlighting the barren land (NDBaI), which all influence LST. Hotspot analysis with Getis-Ord Gi∗ revealed spatial distribution patterns of LST. Regression analysis showed significant relationships: a strong positive correlation between LST and NDBI (R2 = 0.78) and a substantial negative correlation between LST and NDSI (R2 = −0.80). The strong positive correlation highlights how urbanization contributes to rising surface temperatures, while the substantial negative correlation underscores the cooling effect of snow cover, which is particularly relevant as reduced snow cover could lead to higher LST in the context of climate change. These correlations offer deeper insights into how land cover changes can exacerbate or mitigate climate impacts in Uttarakhand. Two regression models were used for statistical modeling and spatial analysis: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). In OLS, the results reveal non-stationarity (p = 0.000) with an R2 value of 0.79 while GWR significantly enhanced performance, achieving an R2 value of 0.94. The improved performance of GWR (R2 = 0.94) compared to OLS (R2 = 0.79) can be attributed to GWR’s ability to account for spatial non-stationarity. This method allows for variations in relationships between LST and explanatory variables across different locations, effectively capturing local patterns that OLS may overlook. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, utilizing Moran’s I, exhibited a decrease from 0.606 (OLS) to 0.02 (GWR), This reduction indicates that GWR effectively captures spatial non-stationarity, minimizing residual autocorrelation by modeling local relationships between LST and its predictors that often remain in global models like OLS, thereby demonstrating its advantages in heterogeneous regions. The findings underscore the importance of employing GWR to better elucidate the connection between LST and its predictors, specifically in regions characterized by spatial non-stationarity, thereby offering insights crucial for informed decision-making amidst changing climatic conditions.

Effect of financial development on economic performance in Nigeria

This study empirically investigated and examined the effect of financial development on economic performance in Nigeria covering the period of 32 years spanning from 1990 to 2022. The study utilized of five (5) financial development proxies namely ratio of broad money to gross domestic product (M2GDP), ratio of credit to private sector to GDP (CPSGDP), ratio of domestic credit to GDP (DCGDP), foreign direct investment, (FDI), Government expenditure to GDP (GEGDP), and three (3) control variables; interest rate (INTR), served as the independent variables while one (1) economic performance variables namely ; Inflation rate (INFR) and Corruption (COR) GDP Growth Rate which served as the dependent variables in the study. Data were sourced from World Bank and Macro Trends and Transparency International Corruption from 1990 to 2023. Multiple regression model technique via E- view software 9.0 was adopted to test the hypotheses in the study. The result revealed that only ratio of domestic credit to GDP (DCGDP), foreign direct investment, (FDI), and interest rate (INTR), was found to have an insignificant positive effect on GDP growth rate while ratio of broad money to gross domestic product (M2GDP), ratio of credit to private sector to GDP (CPSGDP), Government expenditure to GDP (GEGDP), Inflation rate (INFR) and Corruption (COR) was found to have an significant negative effect on GDP growth rate. Thus, we concluded that there are both positive and negative significant impacts of financial development on the economic performance in Nigeria for years under review using the model of specifications i.e. GDP growth rate. To this end, we recommend that CBN should stimulate GDP growth rate by increasing proportionately to GDP, the volumes of money supply and private sector credits. This can be achieved through open market operation and reducing the cost of borrowing.

Trends, and patterns, of premarital sexual intercourse and its associated factors among never-married young women aged 15-24 in Sierra Leone.

Premarital sexual intercourse has essential implications for the sexual and reproductive health and rights of young women. These include increased sexual pleasure and satisfaction as well as exposure to the risks of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. This study examined the trends, patterns, and associations of premarital sexual intercourse among young women aged 15-24 in Sierra Leone. Nationally representative cross-sectional data from the 2008, 2013, and 2019 Demographic and Health Surveys in Sierra Leone were used for the study. A weighted sample of 9,675 never-married young women was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of premarital sexual intercourse in Sierra Leone. Percentages were used to present the results of the trends and patterns of premarital sexual intercourse. We employed a multilevel binary logistic regression modelling technique to examine the associations of premarital sexual intercourse. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratio with their respective 95% confidence interval. The pooled prevalence of premarital sexual intercourse among the young women in Sierra Leone was 62.9%. Over the survey years, premarital sexual intercourse increased from 59.8% in 2008 to 65.1% in 2013. However, it declined by 3.5% to 61.6% in 2019. Young women aged 20-24 (aOR = 12.47, 95% CI = 10.54-14.76) had higher odds of engaging in premarital sexual intercourse than those aged 15-19. Young women with higher educational levels (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.17-2.99), those who were working (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.44-1.78), those who listened to the radio (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.29-1.60), and those who lived in the Northwestern (aOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.68-2.84), Eastern (aOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.23-1.760, Northern (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.25 -, 1.76), and Southern (aOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.36-1.94) regions were more likely to engage in premarital sexual intercourse compared to those with no formal education, those not working, those who did not listen to the radio, and those who lived in the Western region, respectively. Young women in the richest wealth category (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.49-0.78), and residing in rural areas (aOR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72-0.98) had lower odds of engaging in premarital sexual intercourse relative to those from the poorest wealth quintile and those living in urban areas. Our study found a high prevalence of premarital sexual intercourse among young women in Sierra Leone. Premarital sexual intercourse was associated with age, educational level, wealth, employment, and region. This necessitates providing them with comprehensive information regarding sexual and reproductive health behaviours, specifically emphasising the benefits and adverse consequences of engaging in sexual experimentation. Additionally, it is crucial to promote the adoption of abstinence, injections, implants, and condom usage through consistent advocacy for youth-risk communication.

PENGARUH POLA ASUH ORANG TUA PERMISIF TERHADAP KECANDUAN PERMAINAN DARING YANG DIMEDIASI OLEH KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGIS

Online game addiction among adolescents is currently a major concern for parents in Indonesia. The parenting style implemented by parents can be one of the factors that trigger online game addiction in adolescents, one of which is the permissive parenting style. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of permissive parenting style on online game addiction mediated by psychological well-being, referring to the I-PACE theory. The quantitative method was employed in the study and respondents were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Participants in this study were adolescents aged 16-20 years throughout Indonesia who were collected by distributing questionnaires via social media. Data were collected from 269 respondents who were analyzed using the mediation model regression technique by Hayes with PROCESS software on the IBM SPSS version 25 for Windows application. The results of this study indicated that psychological well-being did not significantly mediate the effect of a permissive parenting style on online game addiction. However, psychological well-being significantly predicted online game addiction directly. Meanwhile, a permissive parenting style significantly predicted online game addiction. Permissive parenting style also significantly predicted psychological well-being. The permissive parenting style of fathers has a stronger effect on online gaming addiction.

Socio-Economic Factors and Subjective Well-Being Among Women of Reproductive Age: A Secondary Analysis of Punjab

Subjective Well-Being (SWB) of women in Punjab, Pakistan is remained an unattended topic of research since the independence. SWB is a multidimensional phenomenon and based upon numerous socioeconomic factors. These factors differ grounded on geographical split-ups, culture and societal traditions. In countries like Pakistan, evaluation of SWB of women involves many complexities. In this study, the first ever data collected on this subject via Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) -2014 is utilized for statistical modeling of SWB of women for age bracket 15-24 years. The Multiple Regression Modeling technique is used in which SWB of women is taken as response variable along with relevant socioeconomic factors such as age, marital status, economic status, employment, and access to mass media etc. as predictors. The finalized model suggests a positive relationship of SWB of women with age, use of internet, watching T.V. and negative with a number of household members and employment status. While, women belonging to poor economic status are more satisfied than that of moderate and rich class. In region wise comparison, women living in southern Punjab have better SWB as compare to northern and central region of the Punjab.

A Predictive Model for POP Cement Prices in the Nigerian Construction Industry

This study was aimed at formulating a model to predict the price of Plaster of Paris (POP) cement using a multiple linear regression modelling technique. The prices of POP cement were predicted between the fiscal years 2024 and 2030, given the prices between the fiscal years 2017 and 2023. Secondary data were obtained for the Interest Rates, Inflation Rates, Naira exchange rates against the US Dollar, Population growth rates, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rates between 2017 and 2023. Primary data were obtained to investigate the prices at which POP was sold between the fiscal years 2017 and 2023. Exponential trends forecasting was used to forecast the above decision variables or factors affecting the price of POP cement between 2024 and 2030. A multiple linear regression model was derived for the prediction of the POP cement prices between the said years. The model was found fit, adequate, and of a high predictive attribute with an R2 value of 0.99. This study will help in the proactive planning of effective cost management for building construction projects in which POP cement was used. It will reduce problems and challenges of cost overrun on construction projects in the Nigerian construction industry.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Brand Awareness: An Interface in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Purpose: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is defined as the continuing commitment by businesses to contribute to economic development while upholding ethical codes and improving the quality of life in the community and society at large. It broke down corporate social responsibility (CSR) into four parts: economic, legal, ethical, and charity. He did this so that CSR could become a real business practice. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is undertaken on 548 sample customers residing in Saudi Arabia for investigating their viewpoints towards the CSR activities carried out by the companies for examining the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Brand Awareness. The researchers adopted the Pearson’s Correlation, Simple Regression and Structural Equation Modeling techniques in order to measure the impact of CSR activities on Brand Awareness. Findings: The outcomes of the study revealed that there is a positive perception of customers towards CSR activities carried out by the companies and the results of structural equation modelling portray that Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Brand Awareness are positively associated. Thus, we can conclude that CSR activities conducted by the companies are the commendable initiatives since in this today’s era of sustainable environment customers are not only worried about the price and quality aspect of the products/services even they are more possessive regarding what the corporate houses are taking the necessary steps for the betterment of the society and the nation at large. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: The outcome of the study will throw new light on the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Brand Awareness and also facilitate future research endeavors on CSR. As a matter of fact, the CSR activities implemented by the companies offer a better brand recognition, resulting in greater brand awareness among customers and the society at large.

Groundwater characterization including prediction of the quality, fluoride, and nitrate occurrence in a typical artisanal mining area in Ghana: A hydrochemical and multivariate statistical approach

Groundwater quality has been compromised by both geogenic and anthropogenic activities. Also, the negative impact of the intake of groundwater with high fluoride and nitrate content has been well established. Artisanal gold mining operations within the Tinga-Maluwe areas go beyond a decade with no knowledge of the level of impact these activities have on the groundwater quality. Hence, this study aims to characterize the groundwater with emphasis on the quality for usage as well as the controls of fluoride and nitrate occurrence in the area using hydrochemistry and multivariate linear regression modeling techniques. This is to enhance groundwater monitoring and stakeholder decision-making processes in the catchment. The concentration order of the cations is Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ and that of the anions is HCO3− > NO3− > Cl− > SO42− > CO32− > F− with a Na – Cl dominant water type. Apart from F−, NO3−, and TDS exceeding their acceptable limits in Tinga, the overall pollution, water quality, and percentage of pollution indices show that the groundwater is slightly to heavily polluted in Daklupe, Seripe, Tinga, Kablima, Maluwe, Sakpa, and Bekwa-kura communities. Mineral dissolution, especially carbonate minerals, is the dominant process controlling groundwater mineralization from the discriminant diagrams used, and the saturation indices. However, anthropogenic activities impact on the groundwater cannot be precluded from the MLRMs of OPI, WQI, and PPI. The MLRMs show that pH, SO42−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ are the controls of F− occurrence while that of NO3− is by TDS and pH.

Factors Influencing Rural Farmers' Access to Agricultural Extension Services Provided by Private Organizations in Kibondo District, Tanzania

Agricultural extension plays a very important role in improving agricultural productivity in many countries, including Tanzania. Through agricultural extension services, farmers acquire useful information to minimize agricultural production challenges. Though farmers in many countries, including Tanzania, still rely on public extension services, the governments in many countries have started to open doors for non-governmental organizations (NGOs), farmer-based organizations, and private agribusiness firms to provide services to farmers. Regardless of their existence still access to extension services provided by private organizations has remained a main question. Studies have consistently pointed out that only a few farmers in rural areas get access to extension services provided by private organizations. Low access to extension services by rural farmers has contributed to low agricultural production in rural areas and has remained the main factor for persistent poverty. There are limited studies documenting the factors for low access to agricultural extension services provided by private organizations. This study aimed to determine factors influencing rural farmers’ access to agricultural extension services provided by private organizations in the Kibondo district. The study used a cross-sectional research design and data were collected by interviewing 120 farmers sampled from four villages. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model techniques. The study found that only 18.3% of farmers had access to extension services. Gender, marital status, education level, farmers’ income, and group membership had a positive and statistically significant association with access to extension services. The study concluded that only a small proportion of rural farmers in the study area had access to extension services. It is recommended that the provision of extension services by private organizations should consider the identified factors.