Panel Data Regression Analysis Research Articles

Effect of Micro and Macroeconomic Variables on Performance of Islamic Life Insurance in Southeast Asia

This study aims to determine the effect of gross contribution income, investment income and macroeconomic variables consisting of GDP, inflation and exchange rates on the growth of assets of Islamic life insurance companies in the Southeast Asian region. This research is a quantitative research with associative type. The analysis method used is panel data regression analysis with the help of E-views 12 software. The required data consists of company financial statements published through each company's website and World Bank Group data. The study was conducted on sharia life insurance during the 2017-2021 period with a sample of 33 companies. The results showed that partial contribution had a positive effect on asset growth, while GDP and exchange rates had a negative effect on asset growth, furthermore investment income and inflation did not affect the asset growth of Islamic life insurance companies in Southeast Asia. Simultaneously, all independent variables contributed 47% to the growth of Islamic life insurance company assets in Southeast Asia. The rest (53%) were influenced by other variables not addressed in the study.

The Effect of Tax Avoidance and Leverage on Company Value: Case Study on a Financial Sub-Sector Service Company Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2018 – 2022 Period

This study aims to examine the effect of tax avoidance and leverage on company value. The research method used, which uses a quantitative descriptive approach method. Data testing was performed using Panel Data Regression Analysis. This data analysis technique is processed with EViews 12 SV software for Windows. Tax avoidance has no significant effect on the value of the company with a percentage value of 45%. Leverage has a significant effect on the value of the company with a percentage value of -5.51%. The variables Tax avoidance and leverage show prob. (F-statistic) is smaller than 0.05 so that is rejected so that together (simultaneously) it affects the value of the company.

Actions of Expropriation in Family Companies: The Moderating Role of Independent Commissioner’s Control

This study examines the effects of the pyramid structure and disclosure of related party transactions on acts of expropriation in family companies with the independent commissioner’s control as a moderation. This research is a type of quantitative research. This research uses secondary data from annual reports from 31 family companies in 2017- 2018. The data analysis techniques in this research are descriptive statistics, panel data regression analysis, and moderated regression analysis. The study finds that the pyramid structure does not affect expropriation, while disclosure of related party transactions has a negative effect on expropriation. The interaction test shows that the mediator variable could not mediate the pyramid structure and expropriation. Conversely, the moderating variable is able to moderate the disclosure of related party transactions and expropriation. The results of this research can provide input to policymakers to tighten regulations regarding protection for minority shareholders. In addition, the results of this research will add to the government’s references in expanding rules related to the disclosure of related party transactions, especially regarding the supervision of related party transactions carried out by companies.

Does ESG disclosure really influence the firm performance? Evidence from India

In this paper, we examine the influence of ESG disclosure scores on firm performance of companies listed in the National Stock Exchange (NSE). The study uses 167 sample firms from 2010 to 2020. We capitalise overall ESG disclosure scores taken as a proxy to measure the effect of sustainability disclosure on firm performance. Further, we consider the return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), Tobin’s Q, and Price Earnings ratio (P/E ratio) as firm performance measures. We employ dynamic panel data regression analysis to examine the influence of ESG disclosures on performance of the firm. In order, to address the endogeneity issues, we apply Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) model. The study results show a positive relationship between ESG disclosure and firm performance. It suggests that companies’ desire to enhance their performance need to pay more attention towards sustainability disclosures.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Direktur Utama dan Komite Audit terhadap Manajemen Laba pada Perusahaan Terafiliasi

This study aims to determine the effect of the age of the president director, the gender of the president director, the tenure of the president director, and the number of audit committees on profit management. The population of this study is affiliated companies in the manufacturing sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2019-2021. The retrieval technique used was purposive sampling and obtained 48 companies. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis of panel data processed with the Eviews program. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that the number of audit committees affects profit management, the characteristics of the president director which include age, gender, and tenure of the president director do not affect the profit management of affiliated companies in the manufacturing sector listed on the IDX 2019-2021.

The Impact of Economic Integration on Income Inequality in the EU: A Panel Data Analysis of the EU Members from 2002-2020

This paper investigates the relation between economic integration and income inequality for the 27 current EU members from 2002 to 2020. The Gini coefficient is the dependent variable in a panel data regression analysis, and is expressed as a function of indicators related to economic integration (total trade, intra-EU trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow and outflow) and a set of control variables. Although much research points to a significant relationship between inequality and integration, there is no consensus on the sign and magnitude of the effect. In this paper, four random effects panel models are estimated with robust standard errors to uncover this relationship. The results show that in the context of the EU, intra-EU trade is associated with decreased income inequality, while overall trade and FDI in- or outflow seem to have no direct effect on the income gap. In addition, the level of economic development seems to moderate the effect of intra-EU trade: for countries with a below-average gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the reducing effect of integration on Gini is weaker than for richer countries. Additionally, market capitalisation, the presence of natural resources and government spending on social benefits are associated with reduced inequality, while unemployment and population size seem to drive income disparities. These results are consistent with a major part of the existing literature and lead to interesting conclusions for policy makers. The originality of this work differentiating it from prior research is twofold: (1) the region of examination is the EU, which is not often the subject of similar analyses, and (2) an interaction effect is examined that differs from the conventional measures for less developed economies.

Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility dan Green Accounting Terhadap Kualitas Laba dengan Type of Industry sebagai Variabel Moderasi

The aim of this research is to examine, across all industries listed on the BEI in 2019-2021, the influence of CSR and environmentally friendly accounting on earnings quality, by controlling for the influence of industry type. Quantitative methods were used in this research. This research uses data from 65 companies traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2019-2021 as the sample. Panel data regression analysis is used to analyze the data. This research finds that there is a negative relationship between corporate social responsibility and earnings quality, and there is a similar negative relationship between environmentally friendly accounting and earnings quality. There is no relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and industry type, and there is no relationship between industry type and green accounting.

Pengaruh Pengendalian Internal, Investasi Aktiva Tetap, dan Beban Pajak Tangguhan Terhadap Indikasi Penghindaran Pajak dengan Komite Audit sebagai Pemoderasi

Audit committee size is used as a moderating variable in this study to see how deferred tax expense affects indications of tax avoidance after being moderated and to see the effect of internal control, investment in fixed assets, and deferred tax expense affecting indications of tax avoidance before being moderated. Tax is a mandatory contribution that must be given to the state. This study used 100 observational samples from 20 energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021. Panel data regression analysis and moderation regression were used as analytical methods in this study. The findings show that the indicator of tax avoidance is simultaneously influenced by internal control variables, fixed asset investment, and deferred tax expenses. The fixed asset investment variable has a negative impact on indications of tax avoidance. However, indications of tax avoidance are not affected by internal control variables and deferred tax expense. In addition, deferred tax expense for indications of tax avoidance is not affected by the size of the audit committee.

Corporate Governance memoderasi Related Party Transaction dan Financial Distress terhadap Penghindaran Pajak

This study aims to examine the influence of related party transactions and financial difficulties on tax avoidance with corporate governance as moderating variable. corporate governance. This research uses a population of 92 companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the IDX in 2018-2022. The research sample was carried out using a purposive sampling method and obtained 125 company data that met the criteria. The data used is secondary data in the form of financial reports and company annual reports. Data were analyzed using a panel data regression analysis model and moderate regression analysis (MRA) test with E-Views 12 software. According to the findings of the study, related party transactions and financial distress have an effect on tax avoidance. Corporate governance cannot moderate the influence of related party transactions on tax avoidance. Corporate governance cannot moderate the influence of financial distress on tax avoidance.

Analisis Determinan Struktur Modal Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Aneka Industri yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2016-2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of profitability, tangibility, growth opportunity, non-debt tax shield (NDTS), uniqueness on the company's capital structure. The data used in this research is panel data taken from the financial reports of manufacturing companies in the various industrial sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from the 2016-2022 period. By using non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique, a sample of 20 companies was obtained. The method used is panel data regression analysis method. In this research, testing and selection of the best model was carried out using the Chow test and Hausman test, and the result is that the Fixed effect model is the best model. The results showed that profitability, non-debt taxshield (NDTS) and uniqueness had a negative and significant effect on capital structure, with each value of the coefficient of profitability, non-debt taxshield (NDTS) and uniqueness, tangibility has a positive and significant effect while growth opportunity has a positive and insignificant effect with each tangibility coefficient value, growth opportunity by testing using a significance level of 5%. Simultaneously, profitability, tangibility, growth opportunity, non-debt tax shield (NDTS), uniqueness significantly influence the capital structure with a coefficient of determination of 82.7746%.

Macroeconomic and Firm-Specific Effects on Islamic Deposits Sustainability

Integrating ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) principles into Islamic finance presents opportunities for aligning financial activities with sustainable and ethical considerations. While there are challenges and areas for improvement, the potential synergies and shared principles between ESG and Islamic finance provide a promising avenue for sustainable and socially responsible investment within Islamic finance. However, past studies have not thoroughly researched key aspects of Islamic finance, such as the sustainability concerns of Islamic deposits, their interaction with macroeconomic variables, and their particular impacts on firms. Therefore, this study aims to examine the macroeconomic and firm-specific effects on the sustainability of Islamic deposits. The sample in this study consists of 13 Islamic banks in Malaysia. The data period covers from 2018 until Quarter 3 of 2022. The data type is cross-sectional from secondary sources: Islamic banks' financial reports, Bank Negara Malaysia, Department of Statistics of Malaysia, and the World Bank. This study adopts a quantitative analysis approach using one dependent variable (Islamic deposits), three independent variables (gross domestic product, inflation, overnight policy rate), and one control variable (firm-specific). An estimated model using the panel data correlation and regression with the fixed effects model was conducted to test the developed hypotheses. Then, the panel data regression analysis continues with the Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV), which includes the control variable to test the presence of the firm-specific effects. The findings show that only one macroeconomic factor, inflation, affects how well Islamic deposits are sustained. It is also evidenced by the findings that firm-specific effects impact the sustainability of Islamic deposits.

The Effect of Population, HDI, Poverty, and PMDN Investment on Economic Growth in NTB Province

Growth in the economy is a measure of the degree to which a nation is developing. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the degree to which the population, HDI, poverty, PMDN investment impact economic growth in NTB Province. The variable data used is for 10 regencies/cities in NTB for the period 2010 – 2022. This kind of quantitative research employing panel data regression analysis approaches is conducted utilizing skunder data from the NTB province's Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The findings demonstrated that economic growth is unaffected by the population and HDI, while economic growth is negatively affected and significantly by poverty, and economic growth is influenced positively and significantly by PMDN investment.

Pengaruh Struktur Modal, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Umur Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan: Survey Pada Sektor Makanan dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2019

This study aims to determine the effect of capital structure, firm size and firm age on firm value in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This type of research is quantitative research. The sample used was 19 companies from a population of 26 food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange in 2015-2019. This study uses secondary data, the data analysis method used is the panel data regression analysis method. The results showed that simultaneously capital structure, firm size and firm age had an effect on firm value. Then, partially capital structure and firm age have a significant negative effect on firm value. On the other hand, firm size has no significant negative effect on firm value. The amount of the Adjusted R Square (R2) is 0.692658 or 69.26%, which means that the ability of the independent variable to explain the variation in the dependent variable change is 69.26%, while the rest is 0.30% (100% - 69.26%) is influenced by other factors outside the research variables. The results of this study are expected to be taken into consideration by companies when they want to increase company value.

Financial Modelling of Metal and Mineral Mining Companies in Indonesia using Altman Z-scores

Predictions about a company's financial condition related to bankruptcy are important information for interested parties, such as creditors, investors, government, auditors, and the company's internal management. This research models the financial condition of metal and mineral mining companies through the Altman Z-Score model and panel data regression analysis. This study focuses on a sample of nine companies involved in metal and mineral mining from 2017 to 2022. In this study, the Altman method was used to determine a company's health category using the Z-score standard. Panel Data Regression modelling showed that the fixed model was the best. The partial test results indicated that WCTA and RETA did not affect the Altman Z-score. However, when considering all the ratios simultaneously (WCTA, RETA, MVBV, and STA), they contribute to predicting a company's financial condition. These results highlight the importance of understanding the variables that influence a company's health and progress. Notably, the variables of WCTA, RETA, and STA play a crucial role in determining the Altman Z-score and contribute to our understanding of a company's financial condition.

PENGARUH ZAKAT, PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH, ANGKATAN KERJA, DAN PENANAMANAN MODAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI JAWA TENGAH

The research aims to analyze the influence of zakat, local income, labor force, and investment both domestic and foreign on economic growth in Central Java. The data used is secondary from the Central Statistics Agency and BAZNAS in 10 districts/cities in Central Java Province during the 2018-2022 periods. The data used comes from. The method used is panel data regression analysis. The research results show that the variables of domestic investment and labor force do not have a significant effect on economic growth. Variables that have a significant influence on economic growth in Central Java are zakat, local income and foreign investment.

The Influence of Revenue, Operational Expenses, and Tax Expenses on Financial Performance in Construction Services Companies Listed on The Indonesian Stock Exchange

This study aims to determine the influence of revenue, operating, and tax expenses on financial performance in construction service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2020. The variables tested in this study consisted of the influence of income, operating expenses, and tax expenses as independent variables and proxied financial performance with operating profit margin as the dependent variable. The population in this study are construction service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2020. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling, and a sample of 48 data from 12 construction service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2020 that met specific criteria was obtained. The data analysis technique used in this research is panel data regression analysis and classical assumption test. The results of this study indicate that income has a positive and significant effect on the company's financial performance, operating expenses have not a positive and not significant impact on the financial performance of the company, and tax expenses have not a positive and not significant effect financial performance and revenue, operating expenses and tax expense together do have a simultaneous and significant effect on the Company's Financial Performance.

KONTRIBUSI INFRASTRUKTUR DALAM MENDORONG PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INKLUSIF DI INDONESIA

Poverty, unemployment and inequality are still crucial problems in Indonesia, but they can be resolved through inclusive economic growth. Inclusive economic growth includes equity, equality of opportunity, and protection in market and employment transitions. One factor that can influence inclusive economic growth is infrastructure development. This research aims to analyze the influence of road, electricity, water and telecommunications infrastructure on inclusive economic growth in 34 provinces in Indonesia. Testing was carried out in 34 provinces in Indonesia in the 2015-2021 research year. This research uses a quantitative approach and panel data regression analysis using the Random Effect Model (REM) approach using Eviews 12 software.The results of this research show that road and electricity infrastructure have an insignificant and negative effect, and water and telecommunications infrastructure have a significant and positive effect on inclusive economic growth in Indonesia. Simultaneously, road, electricity, water and telecommunications infrastructure have a significant impact on inclusive economic growth. The implication of this research is that further research is needed regarding the influence of infrastructure on inclusive economic growth in Indonesia and the government needs to develop good quality infrastructure that is evenly distributed throughout all regions in Indonesia, so that inclusive economic growth can be achieved

An improved low‐carbon intelligent agriculture system with energy optimization principles using wireless IoT environment

AbstractA low‐carbon agricultural plan and intelligent agriculture control system are designed and completed with a green economy to foster the significant expansion of green resources and environmental assets. This research employs a fixed‐effect panel model to examine the farming cumulative energy savings in 11 cities and regions along the Yamuna Tributary Commercial Region, focusing on both static and dynamic factors. The directional linear equation and the Malmquist–Luenberger (ML) indicator are the key analytical tools. Unlike conventional techniques, regression analysis using cross‐sectional data is the primary tributary. Research has found that a 5.9% decrease in the literacy rate of the working force had a large impact on farming energy efficiency and that for each 1% rise in crop losses, farm energy efficiency would decrease by 0.487%. In addition to mitigating the detrimental effects of industrial design and mechanization on agricultural output, this effort aids in the advancement of smart city design. This activity paves the way for cutting‐edge technology by encouraging people to move to cities, educating the workforce, and giving money to the agricultural sector. The ability of proposed model gives the smart agriculture system with intelligent control principles and energy optimization principles in the deployed wireless‐IoT platform. On this research problem, this paper contributes to new knowledge by approaching agricultural energy efficiency from a green economy perspective, conducting regression analyses of panel data on the most important influencing factors using the advanced statistical analysis tool Eviews, and then drawing the conclusion from the evaluation of metrics that affect farming energy efficiency in our nation. Enhancing productivity while also fostering long‐term growth in the agricultural ecosystem is crucial. It contributes for smart and green technologies adaptation in agriculture filed.

Pengaruh Kesehatan Reproduksi Wanita dan Pemberdayaan Wanita Terhadap Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja Wanita di Indonesia

This study aims to find out and analyze how the influence of women's reproductive health and women's empowerment on the participation rate of the female workforce in Indonesia. This study used secondary data sourced from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics with the research variables grouped into two parts, namely the bond variable which in this study was determined as the female labor force participation rate and the independent variables consisting of women's life expectancy, young women's marriage, female mother, female education level, female per capita income and female involvement in parliament. This study uses panel data regression analysis with the selected method, namely the Common Effect Model (CEM). The results showed that women's life expectancy, young women's marriage, women's fertility rates and women's involvement in parliament each had a negative and insignificant effect on women's labor force participation. Women's education level has a negative and significant effect on female labor force participation and women's per capita income has a positive and significant effect on female labor force participation.

Determinan Tingkat Kejahatan Properti (Property Crime) di Indonesia

This study aims to find out and analyze how the Determinants of Property Crime Rate in Indonesia. This research is an effort to add to the existing literature on property crime research in developing countries, especially Indonesia. The type of data used in this study is secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) which is grouped into two parts, namely the dependent variable namely Property Crime and the independent variable consisting of Population Density, Education Level, Unemployment, Income Inequality and Police Power. This study used descriptive and inductive analysis. This study uses panel data regression analysis using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) method with cross section of 34 Provinces in Indonesia and time series 2018 – 2021. The findings in the results of this study revealed that the variables of population density, education level, unemployment and police strength had a significant effect however, on the variable of income inequality did not have a significant effect on the level of property crime in Indonesia.