Name Registration Research Articles

The European MAREGRAPH Project: Enhancing Marine Data Interoperability through Semantic Knowledge Graphs

The availability of accurate and up-to-date information on marine species—ranging from nomenclature and taxonomy to species occurrences—is fundamental for several stakeholders, from marine scientists to policymakers. Today, this information is provided by well-known authoritative systems, including the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS*1), a comprehensive register of names of marine organisms and related information; Marine Regions*2, a register of georeferenced information on marine place names and areas; and the European Ocean Biogeographic Information System (EurOBIS*3), where species occurrences in European waters are recorded. These platforms ensure marine biodiversity data is accessible and interoperable, supporting various applications and use cases for fostering advancements in taxonomy, marine biology, ecology and environmental science. The MAREGRAPH project*4 has the ambition to further increase the findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability of these foundational high-value datasets, by creating and publishing an open knowledge graph (KG) on marine biodiversity data through the semantic uplifting of the involved datasets, relying on the Semantic Web stack and its standards (Fig. 1). This requires: the definition and publication of a network of formal, reusable and extensible ontologies and controlled vocabularies for representing and linking together marine biodiversity information, as a basis for semantic interoperability; the set up of a cost-effective, flexible and scalable data architecture to publish the data as Linked Open Data and provide access through standard APIs, from a SPARQL endpoint to Linked Data Event Streams (LDES), enabling technical interoperability and serving various use cases and data access needs. the definition and publication of a network of formal, reusable and extensible ontologies and controlled vocabularies for representing and linking together marine biodiversity information, as a basis for semantic interoperability; the set up of a cost-effective, flexible and scalable data architecture to publish the data as Linked Open Data and provide access through standard APIs, from a SPARQL endpoint to Linked Data Event Streams (LDES), enabling technical interoperability and serving various use cases and data access needs. The methodology adopted for defining and publishing the KG combines the consolidated principles of the Open Standards for Linked Organisations (OSLO) framework—which defines the governance structure and a open process for developing semantic data standards—with the well-established agile and collaborative ontology development workflow of the eXtreme Design methodology (Presutti 2009), based on ontology design patterns (ODPs). Also leveraging the experience gained in defining the Marine Regions Ontology and publishing the Marine Regions gazetteer as LDES (Lonneville 2021), we are iteratively defining the ontologies for representing: marine species, whose description is rooted in the definition of taxa and their scientific names, and extends to geographic distribution, scientific literature, ecological traits and other biological information as represented in WoRMS; species observations, describing the occurrence of species in space and time, with associated descriptive data as well as biological and environmental measurements, as recorded in EurOBIS. marine species, whose description is rooted in the definition of taxa and their scientific names, and extends to geographic distribution, scientific literature, ecological traits and other biological information as represented in WoRMS; species observations, describing the occurrence of species in space and time, with associated descriptive data as well as biological and environmental measurements, as recorded in EurOBIS. Our approach to ontology design is driven by the identification of use cases and competency questions, as well as by existing models and data, also involving the community through workshops, webinars and co-creation sessions. Existing domain ontologies and reference data models, such as Biodiversity Information Standards' (TDWG) Darwin Core, the Taxonomic Concept Schema, Bioschema's profiles for taxa and taxon names, the OpenBioDiv ontology, and the Catalogue of Life Data Package (CoLDP), were considered for the identification of ODPs and reuse, particularly through ontology semantic alignments. As fostering consensus on data semantics is a critical step toward broad acceptance and adoption, semantic assets are incrementally published on a dedicated GitHub repository*5, involving again the community through public review processes. MAREGRAPH will then enable the production of linked open datasets where the data from WoRMS, Marine Regions and EurOBIS are seamlessly integrated and interlinked in a unified KG that can be further enriched and linked with data from other initiatives where marine biodiversity is the focus.

A Financial Analysis and Valuation of GoDaddy Inc

This paper introduces the famous Internet domain name registration company, GoDaddy Inc., by introducing the basic situation of the company and analyzing the company's strategy, comparing it with the relevant competing companies in the same industry, and analyzing the different liquidity capabilities between different companies. Solvency and profitability to draw relevant conclusions about the stage of the company, to increase the understanding of the company's fundamentals to grasp the general direction, and at the same time compare different investment indicators such as price-earnings ratio and growth ratio, current earnings per share and other indicators. Then compare it with the relevant competing companies in the Internet industry, you can understand the relevant operating conditions of the company, combined with the previous financial analysis and the current analysis of investment indicators can be decided whether the company is worth making an investment conclusion. By delving into the intricacies of GoDaddy's financial performance and market positioning, this analysis equips investors with the knowledge needed to make astute investment decisions in the dynamic Internet domain registration industry.

LINGUOCULTURAL PECULIARITIES OF THE ENGLISH PROVERBS WITH PROPER NAMES

This article explores the manifestation of the anthroponymic code of culture in proverbs. The anthroponymic code, a subset of linguocultural codes, encompasses the system of proper names within a culture and reflects its historical, social, and cultural dimensions. Each ethnic group, over different historical periods, develops a unique register of personal names and an anthroponymic model that varies between folk and canonical names.

Yearly Update of the List of Plant Diseases in Korea (6.2 Edition, 2024)

Since 2009, the Korean Society of Plant Pathology has established the Committee on Common Names of Plant Disease to systematically review and determine plant disease names and related terminologies. The committee published the 6th edition of the List of Plant Diseases in Korea (LPDK) in 2022, and the list has been made publicly accessible online. The online database has significantly enhanced user accessibility, expedited update processes, and improved interoperability with other databases. As a result, the 6.1 edition of the list was released by online LPDK in 2023, detailing new disease names added over the preceding year and revisions to existing names. Subsequently, in 2024, the 6.2 edition was published, encompassing 6,765 diseases caused by 2,503 pathogen taxa across 1,432 host species. The public release of the online database has, however, introduced several challenges and tasks. Addressing these issues necessitates the development of modern, standardized nomenclature guidelines and a robust system for the registration of new disease names. Open communication and collaboration among the diverse members of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology are required to ensure the reliability of the LPDK.

RESOLVING “LOT LIDI” PROPRIETORSHIP THROUGH THE NATIONAL LAND CODE: A GROUNDBREAKING PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

The issue of land subdivision conflicts, specifically "lot lidi," remains unresolved. To date, the rights of “lot lidi” purchasers are not safeguarded under the National Land Code (NLC) due to the failure to register buyers' names in the documents of title. This study aims to devise a method for registering buyers' names in the documents of title from a land law perspective. The objective is to identify existing land laws that can address the proprietorhip issues of “lot lidi”. The scope of this study focuses on resolving “lot lidi” issues through current land laws that can be implemented by the Land Office and State Authorities. Additionally, the study specifically addresses “lot lidi”, which are alienated lands categorized as agricultural and illegally subdivided through unapproved sketches for residential plots. The research also examines the sale of “lot lidi” outside the framework of NLC, which prevents the registration of buyers' names in the documents of title due to legal prohibitions on such transactions. This qualitative study employs literature review and semi-structured interviews with respondents from land administration, legal officers, legal practitioners, and academics. The findings reveal ten (10) provisions within the NLC that can be referenced to develop a method for resolving “lot lidi” proprietorship. The study's results yield two (2) main outcomes: first, a detailed breakdown of provisions based on three (3) stages—application, approval, and registration; second, specific attributes within each stage that are organized to be easily understood. Ultimately, the existing provisions for resolving “lot lidi’ and their details can be extracted to guide stakeholders in developing solutions for “lot lidi” proprietorhip issues.

Registration of Personal Names as Trade Marks

Registration of Personal Names as Trade Marks

Curating an online checklist for Erica L. (Ericaceae): contributing to and supporting global conservation through the World Flora Online.

To support the work of the Global Conservation Consortium for Erica and update the Erica checklist in the World Flora Online (WFO), we have curated the taxonomic backbone in the WFO by expanding it to include updated nomenclatural information from the International Plant Name Index, missing names present in the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP), the Botanical Database of Southern Africa (BODATSA), and from the "International register of heather names" database, a data source not readily available online. The result is the most robust database of Erica names to date, including 851 species, 111 subspecies, 244 varieties, and 2787 synonyms, which is a reliable reference for initiatives such as the Erica identification aid, conservation prioritisation, and gap analyses. We disambiguate common orthographic variants within the database and present an overview of these. We also comment on the correct orthography of E.heleophila Guthrie & Bolus and E.michellensis Dulfer and the validity of E.tegetiformis E.G.H.Oliv. are discussed, and the use of E.adunca Benth. for a South African species rather than E.triceps Link, which is here regarded as insufficiently known and of uncertain application, is clarified.

Effects of digital literacy on the digitalization of business name registration for micro-business owners in Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro

Effects of digital literacy on the digitalization of business name registration for micro-business owners in Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro

Anticompetitive effect of drug name trademark registration: lessons from China

The Chinese Trademark Law does not entirely exclude the possibility of generic names being registered as trademarks, which is inconsistent with the international standards. The necessity and rationality of allowing the trademark registration of drug names are worth of further research. This study analyzes the rules and cases that involve the trademark registration of drug names and makes comparisons with international counterparts. It displays that in Chinese judicial practices, drug name listed in the National Drug Standards may be registered as a trademark if it has acquired distinctive characteristics by use, which contradicts the nature of generic names and may exert an anticompetitive effect and have adverse implications on the development of the related drug industry and patient well-being. This study proposes that the drug name sign is different from descriptive sign, and cannot obtain distinctiveness through use. Based on the particularity of the drug industry, the trademark registration of drug names in the National Drug Standards should be prohibited. This arrangement is conductive to addressing the imbalance of interests among drug operators and safeguarding public health. This study can provide insights and policy recommendations for Chinese lawmakers offering a framework to reconcile trademark protection with the pharmaceutical industry’s unique characteristics and regulatory demands.

Concept of Titles and Its Relevance in Present Legal System

The title is a crucial aspect of the Indian criminal system, serving as a foundation for property possession and rights. It is a piece of criminal evidence or documentation that establishes ownership or interest in assets, property, or rights. In the current criminal framework, the title has significant implications for civil law, asset transactions, and financial activities. One of the primary functions of a title is to provide clear proof of ownership, conferring legal recognition, and protection of property rights. It serves as a tangible manifestation of possession, allowing people or entities to assert their claims over specific properties. Title documentation serves as an essential instrument for establishing and validating ownership, facilitating transactional transactions, and resolving disputes regarding property rights. In the Indian legal context, property titles are essential for facilitating economic growth, attracting investments, and promoting development projects. Investors, developers, and financial institutions rely on the integrity and validity of property titles to assess risks, allocate resources, and execute transactions. A clear and consistent system of name registration and transfer complements market performance, promotes investor confidence, and stimulates monetary interest. However, the concept of name in the Indian criminal system faces challenges such as disputes over a name, obstacles, fraudulent practices, and faulty documentation. These issues can lead to prolonged legal battles, financial losses, and uncertainties for the stakeholders involved. Therefore, there is an urgent need for comprehensive criminal frameworks, effective enforcement mechanisms, and dispute decision mechanisms to uphold the integrity of property titles. The Indian legal system has enacted several laws and policies to ensure the integrity and validity of property titles, such as the Transfer of Property Act, of 1882, and the Registration Act, of 1908. These guidelines prescribe methods for the transfer, registration, and enforcement of property titles, promoting the defense of ownership rights and stopping fraudulent practices.

ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMATIC ISSUES BETWEEN DOMAIN NAMES AND OTHER MEANS OF INDIVIDUALIZATION

In the article, the author studies the similarities and differences between domain names and individualization means, as well as the growing number of problems between domain names and individualization means due to the globalization of the Internet and the proliferation of e-commerce. The commercial significance of domain names is directly reflected in the disputable situations. The article also lists the objects of intellectual property that are not registered as domain names under the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and not prohibition of the registration of domain names that are identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark is brought up as a matter of discussion.

고구려 초기 漢式 官名의 수용과 역할

This thesis pays attention to Jubu (3rd highest rank out of 10 ranks in Goguryeo) and Seung (7th highest rank out of 10 ranks in Goguryeo) appeared in the official titles in Goguryeo part of 'Samgukji (History of Three-Kingdom) and contemplates the background and role of its establishment. During its early period, Goguryeo maintained close relationships with Hyeondo-gun of the Han Dynasty with animonity, reconciliation and so forth. Since Goguryeo was part of the Hyeondo-gun’s jurisdiction that the controlling class of Goguryeo was deemed to have information on the governing of Hyeondo-gun from the early times. The Jubu and Seung of Goguryeo is considered to have the accommodation through Hyeondo-gun based on the relationship of these two parties.
 Jubu was a government employee as well as close staff of a local minister in the Han Dynasty to engage in its core affairs of document management along with its involvement in various work affairs, such as, military affairs, advisory, security and so forth around the minister. Within Hyeondo-gun in particular, the Hyeonryeong (ruler of local ministry) of Goguryeo granted the goods presented by government based on the name registry to the ruling class of Goguryeo and the main subject for the name registry management was deemed to be Jubu, and it deemed that Goguryeo had the recognition for the presence of Jubu. On the basis of establishing the 'buse-gurun', while the external negotiation right was concentrated to the king of Goguryeo, it could make the economic initiative even more solidified internally through Jubu. In Goguryeo, Jubu mostly succeeded the role and position of the Jubu position in the Han Dynasty and this trend had continued to later times.
 Seung seemed to emerge under the changes of political structure taken its place from the late 2nd century although its presence can not be certain. During this period, Goguryeo had the change of characteristics in its core national administration in 5-division as well as revision of ruling power structure. In the Han Dynasty, Seung was an officer dispatched by the central government to Gun and Hyeon as the deputy minister in charge of administrative affairs. In the fact that it was the government officer dispatched to the region where the direct ruling by the ruler was still effective, Seung seemed to be accommodated to rule the 5-division that was nearly emerged around the capital. However, for the case of Seung, due to the intrinsic changes of the government system of Goguryeo and subsequently lost its need and extincted.

Physical and geographical features of the toponyms of Uzbekistan

This article focuses on the study of physical and geographical aspects of toponymy, which involves the naming and renaming of geographical objects based on the natural features of a place. The research in this field prioritizes the normalization and standardization of geographical names, compilation of a state register of geographical names, proper use of names, publication of toponymic dictionaries, and transliteration of geographical names. In this regard, the present paper analyzes scientific research on toponyms from various regions worldwide, including Uzbekistan. A classification system of geographical names and physical and geographical features of toponyms specific to the regions of Uzbekistan has been developed and recommended, taking into account the natural characteristics of the place. Additionally, thematic toponymic maps have been developed.

Tinjauan Hukum terhadap Generic Terms dalam Perlindungan Merek

The development of trade activities in goods and services in Indonesia has increased quite significantly due to developments in information and transportation technology which have caused activities in the trade sector in the creation of works for goods and services to experience rapid development. One form of law protection called intellectual property rights, namely trademarks. Through this research, we will discuss legal reflections on general terms which are one of several conditions that are prohibited when submitting an application for trademark name registration. This research method uses a normative method with research specifications, namely analytical descriptive using a case approach that examines Verdict Number 85/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Merek/2022/PN. Niaga.Jkt.Pst. The aim of this research is to provide knowledge to the public who are prospective trademark registrants to know the criteria for brand names that can be registered or cannot be registered, in this case regarding brands that contain elements of generic terms. The conclusion proves that a generic term is a meaning that refers to a group of products or terms that are common among consumers or the public. Supposedly, brands registered using generic terms or general terms that are part of the public domain cannot pass or go through the substantive examination stage in the trademark examination process. This needs to be prevented because if the trademark application is granted, inquiries can give the trademark owner monopoly rights over the use of the trademark so that the trademark cannot compete effectively.

Entities in the domain name registration system in Poland in the light of the provision of the NIS-2 directive

Entities in the domain name registration system in Poland in the light of the provision of the NIS-2 directive

Report of the Registration Committee

AbstractThe Registration Committee was established at the Nomenclature Section of the XIX International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Shenzhen, China in 2017. It followed the previous Special Committee on Registration of Algal and Plant Names (including fossils). A clear majority of Registration Committee members support having named taxa associated with a unique universal digital identifier in order to secure and facilitate the exchange of information by electronic means. However, discussions within the Committee showed that mandatory referencing of a unique universal digital identifier was not a solution. The Committee recommends that authors provide nomenclatural repositories with a reference to an actual and current publication for indexing purposes, or to register voluntarily.

Genome Taxonomy Database and SeqCode: Microbial Taxonomy and Nomenclature in the Age of Big Sequence Data

Genome Taxonomy Database and SeqCode: Microbial Taxonomy and Nomenclature in the Age of Big Sequence Data

Tasks and challenges of the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography in the area of developing topographic maps in 1:25,000 scale

Abstract. In accordance with the legal regulations in force in Poland in the field of cartography, i.e. the Geodetic and Cartographic Law, one of the tasks of the Chief National Surveyor is to create and provide access to topographic, general geographic, thematic and special maps. Moreover, the topographic maps are developed in close cooperation with the Minister of National Defense. The basis for the development of topographic maps is, in particular, the Topographic Objects Database BDOT10k with the topographic objects’ level of details corresponding to 1:10,000 scale, the National Register of Geographic Names and the Digital Terrain Model.Considering the above, in 2022, the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, as part of its own work, launched a pilot project aimed at developing tools to automatically generate topographic maps in 1:10,000 and 1:25,000 scale. At a current stage, as part of the II iteration, the maps do not yet constitute full-fledged topographic maps, but we are striving for such a goal. The tools are constantly developed and corrections are made to eliminate errors that still occur. The maps in 1:10,000 and 1:25,000 scales, developed so far under this project in a fully automatic manner, are available free of charge to all interested users on the www.geoportal.gov.pl website.In the article, the results of the developed tools and generated topographic maps 1:25,000 will be presented, as well as the problems faced both in the context of the methodology and the limitations resulting from the software used.

Use of gene sequences as type for naming prokaryotes: Recommendations of the international committee on the taxonomy of chlamydiae

The International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) discussed and rejected in 2020 a proposal to modify the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes to allow the use of gene sequences as type for naming prokaryotes. An alternative nomenclatural code, the Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from Sequence Data (SeqCode), which considers genome sequences as type material for naming species, was published in 2022. Members of the ICSP subcommittee for the taxonomy of the phylum Chlamydiae (Chlamydiota) consider that the use of gene sequences as type would benefit the taxonomy of microorganisms that are difficult to culture such as the chlamydiae and other strictly intracellular bacteria. We recommend the registration of new names of uncultured prokaryotes in the SeqCode registry.

Mannanafnaskrá - tilurð og þróun

The article sheds light on the origin and development of the Icelandic register of personal names. There were various matters of opinion during the creation of this register, e.g. regarding the interpretation of the provision in the name law from 1991 that given names should be Icelandic. Procedural rules have been established to ensure that the law‘s implementation would be clear. In 1996, a new naming law was passed, and it was no longer required that a given personal name should be Icelandic. That change had a great impact on Icelandic register of personal names, and based on it, many names of foreign origin have been added to the register. A number of nicknames that were not allowed as personal names according to the old law, as well as many old names that were not included in the register in 1991 because how uncommon they were have also been added. With the entry into force of the law on gender autonomy in 2019, the provision that a girl should be given a female name and a boy should be given a male name was abolished, and as a result various gender-neutral names have been added to the personal names register.