Registration Applications Research Articles

Examination of applications for registration of the invention under EU regulations - Experience for Viet Nam

In this article, from the perspective of analyzing European Union law and Vietnamese law on patent registration as well as the practical examination of patent applications in the European Union and Vietnam in which proposes experience for Vietnam in the process of completing, amending, and supplementing legal regulations related to the process and methods of examining patent applications to save time on granting patents as well as protect industrial rights of the applicant. As a matter of practice, the long process of examining industrial property applications in general and patents, in particular, has caused difficulties for the rights holder in the process of intellectual property exploitation while the cycle of development of alternative technology or, in other words, the life cycle of technology is getting shorter and shorter. In this regard, the right holders only have a few years even a couple of months from the application date to start the process of commercial exploitation so that the right holders are unable to recover the expense of the investment for developing inventions. Besides, the number of patent applications is increasing along with economic development and national start-up campaigns. Therefore, in the context of shortening patent examination and other industrial property, in general, are now significantly necessary. Furthermore, within the scope of the article, the authors have compared the regulations of the European Patent Convention regarding the patent application examination, despite the similar steps of filing compared to Vietnam’s regulations, the European Patent Convention still has some significant regulations to shorten the examination. As the result, based on reference to EU regulations, the authors propose a number of solutions to overcome the situations leading to the prolongation of the patent granting time and effectively protecting the interests of the applicant in Vietnam.

The Application of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Accelerometers to the Assessment of Blast Threat to Armored Vehicle Crew.

This paper describes the development and application of an autonomous register and measurement system (ARMS), and the application of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers to the assessment of blast threat to armored vehicle crews. Taking measurements with reference to an explosion is one of the principal issues in the protection of crews of special vehicles. The proposed ARMS reduces research costs and contributes to the development of an autonomous, wireless test stand, applicable in various research areas and industry. The ARMS performs data acquisition with simultaneous measurement in multiple channels. The maximum sampling rate is 100 kHz and the sensor range is ±500 g. This solution is an alternative to cable systems, which have a high energy demand. The functionality of the developed autonomous measuring system is demonstrated experimentally. The paper concludes with a field study of the proposed system and the application of MEMS accelerometers via a mine blast test of a military vehicle at level 4 of STANAG 4569.

중국의 악의적 상표권자 청구권 제한에 관한 연구 - 플랫폼 환경에서의 실효적 방안 모색 -

Recently, there has been an increasing number of acts to obtain financial benefits by claiming damages by using registered trademark rights preoccupy in bad faith in China. Regarding the principle of trademark protection, China is adopting the principle of registration. In other words, anyone can apply for a trademark with the Trademark Office of China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA). It can be protected by the China Trademark Law when passed an examination. In the non-substantive examination process, the trademark office does not examine whether the trademark applied for is a trademark used by others first. Only the application for trademark registration is reviewed. Therefore, a trademark applicant can preferentially register a trademark that is being used by others without registration. Also, a holder of trademark right who registered a trademark in bad faith in advance may claim that the right has been infringed. In the process of resolving intellectual property disputes and conflicts between the United States and China, the Chinese authorities strengthened the rights of trademark holders. Administrative measures to stop infringing trademark rights continued. Through this series of measures, a social atmosphere was created that it is natural for trademark holders to take remedies for infringement. These things caused the incident which is preoccupying trademark in bad faith. In addition, in the third revision of the China Trademark Law implemented in 2013, legislation to strengthen civil remedies for trademark holders was in progress, such as adopting a punitive damage award. Accordingly, applications for preoccupying trademark in bad faith aimed at financial gain are accelerating. Because of this situation, the Chinese legislative body carried out the fourth revision to ban such actions at the source through legal regulations and to strengthen punishment for them. Through this revision, a legal basis has been prepared to prevent the abuse of civil remedies in advance. In addition, there are cases that restrict the claims of trademark holders by applying the principle of good faith. And above all, the platform business is revitalized due to digital transformation, as a result, various forms of trademark infringement appear. For this reason, in addition to the China Trademark Law, measures to restrict using the China Anti-Unfair Competition Law and the China E-commerce Law are being actively used. Korea is also faced the task of effective trademark protection in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. Therefore, in this article, provisions and major precedents related to the limitation of trademark holders' claims were analyzed for implications to legislate related provisions in Korea.

APLIKASI PENCATATAN HEALT ALERT CARD (HAC) PADA BANDARA SULTAN THAHA JAMBI BERBASIS WEB

Recording on the standby card or the so-called Health Alert Card (HAC) is still done manually at Jambi Sulthan Thaha Airport. This makes the work less effective and efficient in terms of time to complete work in the field. Seeing these conditions, an application is needed to assist Jambi KKP (Port Health Office) officers or employees in making a policy, therefore a Website-Based Health Alert Card (HAC) data input application for passengers at the Jambi Sulthan Thaha Airport. Which will be applied to assist Jambi KKP (Port Health Office) officers or employees in carrying out their duties to the maximum. With the Web-Based Health Alert Card (HAC) Registration Application at Sulthan Thaha Airport Jambi, it is hoped that it can assist officers or employees in inputting passenger HAC data that is still manual or still recorded as Web-based data input. That way every input data that is inputted to the computer through the Website Application will produce work that is effective, efficient and fast and safe to be stored and managed properly. Making this application is done by collecting data, system design, system analysis, and database design. Making this application program developed with PHP, the database used is MySQL. Data input needs in this application are departure data, airline data, individual admin data, and departure report data.

Adaptive radiation therapy strategies in the treatment of prostate cancer patients using hypofractionated VMAT.

PurposeTo perform a comprehensive evaluation of eight adaptive radiation therapy strategies in the treatment of prostate cancer patients who underwent hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment.Material and methodsThe retrospective study included 20 prostate cancer patients treated with 40 Gy total dose over five fractions (8 Gy/fraction) using VMAT. Daily cone beam computed tomography images were acquired before the delivery of every fraction and then, with the application of deformable image registration used for the estimation of daily dose, contouring and plan re‐optimization. Dosimetric benefits of the various ART strategies were quantified by the comparison of dose and dose‐volume metrics derived from treatment planning objectives for original treatment plan and adapted plans with the consideration of target volumes (PTV and CTV) as well as critical structures (bladder, rectum, left, and right femoral heads).ResultsPercentage difference (ΔD) between planning objectives and delivered dose in the D99% > 4000cGy (CTV) metric was −3.9% for the non‐ART plan and 2.1% to 4.1% for ART plans. For D99% > 3800cGy and Dmax < 4280cGy (PTV), ΔD was −11.2% and −6.5% for the non‐ART plan as well as −3.9% to −1.6% and −0.2% to 1.8% for ART plans, respectively. For D15% < 3200 cGy and D20% < 2800 cGy (bladder), ΔD was −62.4% and −68.8% for the non‐ART plan as well as −60.0% to −57.4% and −67.0% to −64.0% for ART plans. For D15% < 3200 cGy and D20% < 2800 cGy (rectum), ΔD was −11.4% and −8.15% for non‐ART plan as well as −14.9% to −9.0% and −11.8% to −5.1% for ART plans.ConclusionsDaily on‐line adaptation approaches were the most advantageous, although strategies adapting every other fraction were also impactful while reducing relative workload as well. Offline treatment adaptations were shown to be less beneficial due to increased dose delivered to bladder and rectum compared toother ART strategies.

Optimizing a medical image registration algorithm based on profiling data for real-time performance

Image registration is a commonly task in medical image analysis. Therefore, a significant number of algorithms have been developed to perform rigid and non-rigid image registration. Particularly, the free-form deformation algorithm is frequently used to carry out non-rigid registration task; however, it is a computationally very intensive algorithm. In this work, we describe an approach based on profiling data to identify potential parts of this algorithm for which parallel implementations can be developed. The proposed approach assesses the efficient of the algorithm by applying performance analysis techniques commonly available in traditional computer operating systems. Hence, this article provides guidelines to support researchers working on medical image processing and analysis to achieve real-time non-rigid image registration applications using common computing systems. According to our experimental findings, significant speedups can be accomplished by parallelizing sequential snippets, i.e., code regions that are executed more than once. For the selected costly functions previously identified in the studied free-form deformation algorithm, the developed parallelization decreased the runtime by up to seven times relatively to the related single thread based implementation. The implementations were developed based on the Open Multi-Processing application programming interface. In conclusion, this study confirms that based on the call graph visualization and detected performance bottlenecks, one can easily find and evaluate snippets which are potential optimization targets in addition to throughput in memory accesses.

An adaptive moving grid finite difference method

The grid generation is very crucial for the accuracy of the numerical solution of PDEs, especially for problems with very rapid variations or sharp layers, such as shock waves, wing leading and trailing edges, regions of separation, and boundary layers. The adaptive grid generation is an iterative approach to accommodate these complex structures. In this paper, we introduce a deformation based adaptive grid generation method, in which a differentiable and invertible transformation from computational domain to physical domain is constructed such that the cell volume (Jacobian determinant) of the new grid is equal to a prescribed monitor function. A vector field is obtained by solving the div-curl system and can be used to move the grids to the desired locations. By computing the inverse of Jacobian, any deformed grids can also be transformed back to the uniform grid. Several numerical results in two dimensions are presented. Some applications in image registration are discussed.

Multi-modality Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping Driven by Single-modality Images.

Multi-modality magnetic resonance image (MRI) registration is an essential step in various MRI analysis tasks. However, it is challenging to have all required modalities in clinical practice, and thus the application of multi-modality registration is limited. This paper tackles such problem by proposing a novel unsupervised deep learning based multi-modality large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) framework which is capable of performing multi-modality registration only using single-modality MRIs. Specifically, an unsupervised image-to-image translation model is trained and used to synthesize the missing modality MRIs from the available ones. Multi-modality LDDMM is then performed in a multi-channel manner. Experimental results obtained on one publicly- accessible datasets confirm the superior performance of the proposed approach.Clinical relevance-This work provides a tool for multi-modality MRI registration with solely single-modality images, which addresses the very common issue of missing modalities in clinical practice.

The Canada Trademarks Dataset

This article discloses and describes a new research dataset representing the Canadian Intellectual Property Office's historical archive of trademark applications. This individual‐application‐level dataset includes all applications since approximately 1980, and many preserved applications and registrations dating back to the beginning of Canada's trademark registry in 1865, totaling over 1.6 million application records. It includes comprehensive bibliographic and lifecycle data; trademark characteristics; goods and services claims; identification of applicants, attorneys, and other interested parties (including address data); detailed prosecution history event data; and data on application, registration, and use claims in countries other than Canada. Both the dataset and the code used to build and analyze it are presented for public use on open‐access terms at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4999655. This article uses the dataset to generate novel descriptive analyses of the performance of Canada's trademark registration system and the behavior of applicants for registration, both independently and in comparison to the United States and Australia. These analyses suggest that Canada's trademark registration system is substantially underperforming other nations with respect to efficiency of examination, and that recent statutory and regulatory changes in Canadian trademark law may have the effect of masking or even exacerbating this underperformance while decreasing the reliability of the Canadian trademark registry as an authoritative guide to trademarks used in Canadian commerce.

What drives older adults’ use of mobile registration apps in Taiwan? An investigation using the extended UTAUT model

ABSTRACT This study aimed to provide an integrated model that examines the determinants of older adults’ intention to use mobile registration applications (apps) based on UTAUT, and the role of aging factors including perceived physical condition, technology anxiety, inertia, and self-actualization needs. The proposed model was tested by PLS (Partial Least Squares) with data collected from 361 older adults. Results indicated that three variables derived from UTAUT, namely performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, influence mobile registration app usage intention. Additionally, the aging factors of inertia and self-actualization needs have significant impacts on older adults’ usage intentions. Results further demonstrated that smart phone usage experience had a moderator effect on the relationship between usage intention and three antecedents (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating condition), but not social influence. Findings provide valuable theoretical contributions for researchers, and practical implications for hospitals developing mobile registration apps in Taiwan.

Evaluation of the Review Models and Approval Timelines of Countries Participating in the Southern African Development Community: Alignment and Strategies for Moving Forward.

Introduction: Regulatory reliance, harmonization and work sharing have grown over the last few years, resulting in greater sharing of work and information among regulators, enabling efficient use of limited resources and preventing duplication of work. Various initiatives on the African continent include ZaZiBoNa, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) collaborative medicines registration initiative. ZaZiBoNa has resulted in great savings in time and resources; however, identified challenges include lack of clear information regarding the participating countries registration processes and requirements as well as lengthy registration times. The aim of this study, therefore, was to compare the data requirements and review models employed in the assessment of applications for registration, the target timelines for key milestones and the metrics of applications received and approved in 2019 and 2020 by Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.Methods: A senior member of the division responsible for issuing marketing authorisations completed an established and validated questionnaire, which standardizes the review process, allowing key milestones, activities and practices of the six regulatory authorities to be identified and compared. The completed questionnaires were validated by the heads of the respective agencies.Results: The majority of applications received and approved by all six agencies in 2019 and 2020 were for generics. The mean approval times for generics varied across the countries, with ranges of 218–890 calendar days in 2019 and 158–696 calendar days in 2020. All three types of scientific assessment review models were used by the six agencies and data requirements and extent of scientific assessment were similar for five countries, while one conducted full reviews for new active substances. A large variation was observed in the targets set by the six agencies for the different milestones as well as overall approval times.Conclusions: The study identified the strengths of the countries as well as opportunities for improvement and alignment. Implementation of the recommendations made as in this study will enhance the countries' individual systems, enabling them to efficiently support the ZaZiBoNa initiative.

Juridical Analysis of Implementation of Rights Transfer to Land &amp; Buildings with Sale and Purchase Deed

The purpose of this research is to analyze and find out: 1). Implementation of the transfer of rights to land and buildings with a deed of sale and purchase at the Land Office of Grobogan Regency. 2). Obstacles and solutions in the implementation of the transfer of rights to land and buildings with a deed of sale and purchase at the Land Office of Grobogan Regency. The approach method in this research is normative juridical. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained through interviews and literature study, data analysis was carried out by analytical descriptive. The results of the research concluded: 1) The implementation of the transfer of rights to land and buildings with a deed of sale and purchase at the Land Office of Grobogan Regency, which starts with a sale and purchase transaction, after the sale and purchase is achieved, it must be AJB by PPAT and witnessed by the parties. PPAT must check the completeness of data such as certificates, proof of tax payments and complete identity of the parties. Furthermore, the PPAT Deed along with other files such as a registration application letter, land certificate or letter D, girik or other proof of ownership, identity of the parties, NPWP, marriage certificate and proof of payment of PBB tax payments are brought to the Land Office to be registered as a certificate of ownership for new land rights holders. After the registration process, the next step is to wait for data verification from the Land Office for the issuance of certificates. 2) Obstacles in the implementation of the transfer of rights to land and buildings with a deed of sale and purchase at the Land Office of Grobogan Regency, namely there are still many low levels of education, people are reluctant to take care of the transfer of land rights due to the costs which they think are quite high and will only take time. The length of the SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) for the Transfer of Name Certificate process, the lack of counseling given to the community regarding the importance of registering the transfer of land rights due to buying and selling, and land certificates. Solutions that can be done are to provide socialization or publish brochures, improve the performance of the Land Office through courses/training and improve administration because it is an organization of human resources.

HIV and syphilis prevalence among transgender women and men who have sex with men, Silom Community Clinic, Bangkok, Thailand, 2017–2019

ABSTRACT We assessed HIV and syphilis infection among MSM and TGW attending Silom Community Clinic from 2017 to 2019. Walk-in and referral clients completed a registration application including a question on gender identity. We compared the prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and HIV and syphilis coinfection among TGW and MSM. In a total of 1050 clients, 276 (26.3%) were TGW and 774 (74.7%) were MSM. Among TGW clients, HIV prevalence was 29.8%, syphilis prevalence was 38.4%, and coinfection prevalence was 18.5%. Comparing prevalence among TGW to MSM, the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) for HIV was 1.8 (95% CI:1.4–2.3), for syphilis was 1.2 (95% CI:1.0–1.4), and for HIV and syphilis coinfection was 2.1 (95% CI:1.4–2.9). The prevalence of syphilis was higher than HIV among TGW, with a PR of 1.3 (95% CI:1.1–1.6), and among MSM, with a PR of 1.4 (95% CI:1.2–1.7). TGW age 15–21 years had an HIV prevalence of 16.9% and syphilis prevalence of 30.8%. After adjusting for age, referral, and sexual behaviors, TGW remain significantly associated with HIV and syphilis prevalence. There is a substantial burden of HIV and HIV/syphilis co-infection among TGW. HIV/STI prevention are needed for TGW, including linkage to HIV care.

The Value of Brain Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Image Registration Algorithm in Analyzing Abnormal Changes of Neuronal Activity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

The aim of this paper was to analyze the application value of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) parameters and rigid transformation algorithm in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which could provide a theoretical basis for the registration application of FMRI. 107 patients confirmed pathologically as T2DM and 51 community medical healthy volunteers were selected and divided into an experimental group and a control group, respectively. Besides, all the subjects were scanned with FMRI. Then, the rigid transformation-principal axis algorithm (RT-PAA), Levenberg–Marquardt iterative closest point (LMICP), and Demons algorithm were applied to magnetic resonance image registration. It was found that RT-PAA was superior to LMICP and Demons in image registration. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values of the left middle temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, right inferior occipital gyrus, and left middle occipital gyrus in patients from the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score was extremely negatively correlated with the ALFF of the left middle temporal gyrus (r = −0.451 and P < 0.001) and highly positively associated with the ALFF of the right posterior cerebellar lobe (r = −0.484 and P < 0.001). In addition, the MoCA score of patients had a dramatically negative correlation with the ALFF of the left middle temporal gyrus (r = −0.602 and P < 0.001) and had a greatly positive correlation with the ALFF of the right posterior cerebellar lobe (r = −0.516 and P < 0.001). The results showed that RT-PAA based on rigid transformation in this study had a good registration effect on magnetic resonance images. Compared with healthy volunteers, the left middle temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, right inferior occipital gyrus, and left middle occipital gyrus in patients with T2DM showed abnormal neuronal changes and reduced cognitive function.

Responsibilities of PPATs who are Late in Registering Deeds Has Been Made to the Office of the National Land Agency

PPAT services as an authorized position are very useful for certain people, especially for people who do not understand the law. Some people who do not understand the law feel unable to handle the legal problems they face, given the limited data around the law. For quick access to PPAT-related matters, the national office must issue a receipt for submitting a registration application, for example, a deed from the PPAT and submit the file to the appropriate PPAT. This responsibility not only affects the progress of understanding or compliance with the law, but also considers the greater legal impact on PPAT's thoughts or behavior, both positive and negative. Because of the importance of evidence as a way of affirmation that can provide legal certainty and guarantee to the right holder, the making of a deed of transfer of land rights as a reason to follow land registration data through the sale and purchase of land rights must be in accordance with the timeframe previously specified in Article 40 paragraph (1) Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration.

Responsibilities of PPATs who are Late in Registering Deeds Has Been Made to the Office of the National Land Agency

PPAT services as an authorized position are very useful for certain people, especially for people who do not understand the law. Some people who do not understand the law feel unable to handle the legal problems they face, given the limited data around the law. For quick access to PPAT-related matters, the national office must issue a receipt for submitting a registration application, for example, a deed from the PPAT and submit the file to the appropriate PPAT. This responsibility not only affects the progress of understanding or compliance with the law, but also considers the greater legal impact on PPAT's thoughts or behavior, both positive and negative. Because of the importance of evidence as a way of affirmation that can provide legal certainty and guarantee to the right holder, the making of a deed of transfer of land rights as a reason to follow land registration data through the sale and purchase of land rights must be in accordance with the timeframe previously specified in Article 40 paragraph (1) Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration.

THE LABOR MARKET FOR A MINING ENGINEER: A SURVEY OF FORMALLY HIRED EMPLOYEES IN BRAZIL

The number of Mining Engineering courses has increased in Brazil since 2004, resulting in a significant rise in the number of graduates. However, such growth was not followed by an equivalent rise in the number of applications for professional registration as a Mining Engineer with the Regional Engineering Councils, which might indicate a shortage of professional opportunities in the marketplace. This paper addresses the current labor market scenario for mining engineers in Brazil, taking sources of formal employment data as a basis: the Labor Ministry’s CAGED and RAIS employee data systems. It was found that there has been a significant asymmetry between the number of graduates and the number of mining engineers formally registered in the country in recent years. Moreover, the number of mining engineers’ dismissals exceeds the hiring figures as of 2012, in contrast with the previous expansion forecasts in this industry, elaborated in 2010 and 2014, based on which new Mining Engineering courses had been opened.

Analysis of Key Points and Difficulties in Registration Application of Inflatable Bone Expander

With the advantages of inflatable bone expander in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, the number of applications for registration of such products is increasing. Based on the characteristics of the medical device, this article analyzed and summarized the relevant requirements for the basic information, product performance research, product manufacturing, clinical evaluation, and product instructions that should be focused on the registration application dossiers, as well as comply with the requirements of CMDE. The focus of the registration application for Inflatable Bone Expander should be the standardization of the application dossiers, while the difficulty was the scientific rationality of the research data. Comments and suggestions are provided to relevant practitioners on standardization of registration application dossiers. It may help them to optimize the quality of registration application dossiers while improve the efficiency of registration applications.

Summary of Statistical Methods Commonly Used in Clinical Evaluation of in Vitro Diagnostic Reagents

Referring to relevant normative documents, we summarized the commonly used statistical methods in clinical evaluation of in vitro diagnostic reagents. For qualitative and semi-quantitative products, we introduced the clinical interpretation and application conditions of commonly used statistical indicators such as sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio and predictive value, etc., as well as the evaluation criteria of Kappa test to evaluate the consistency of the two detection systems. For quantitative products, the criteria of outlier analysis, the application conditions and evaluation criteria of correlation analysis, Bland-Altman method, regression analysis and ROC analysis were introduced. We mainly introduced the principles, interpretation, application conditions and evaluation criteria of the commonly used statistical methods, which can be referred by reviewers of in vitro diagnostic reagents when evaluating registration application materials.

Minimal Residual Disease in Myeloma: Application for Clinical Care and New Drug Registration.

The development of novel agents has transformed the treatment paradigm for multiple myeloma, with minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity now achievable across the entire disease spectrum. Bone marrow-based technologies to assess MRD, including approaches using next-generation flow and next-generation sequencing, have provided real-time clinical tools for the sensitive detection and monitoring of MRD in patients with multiple myeloma. Complementary liquid biopsy-based assays are now quickly progressing with some, such as mass spectrometry methods, being very close to clinical use, while others utilizing nucleic acid-based technologies are still developing and will prove important to further our understanding of the biology of MRD. On the regulatory front, multiple retrospective individual patient and clinical trial level meta-analyses have already shown and will continue to assess the potential of MRD as a surrogate for patient outcome. Given all this progress, it is not surprising that a number of clinicians are now considering using MRD to inform real-world clinical care of patients across the spectrum from smoldering myeloma to relapsed refractory multiple myeloma, with each disease setting presenting key challenges and questions that will need to be addressed through clinical trials. The pace of advances in targeted and immune therapies in multiple myeloma is unprecedented, and novel MRD-driven biomarker strategies are essential to accelerate innovative clinical trials leading to regulatory approval of novel treatments and continued improvement in patient outcomes.