Regions Of Ukraine Research Articles

Landscape and soil cover diversity in Polissia and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Recent research has revealed the patterns of spatial and temporal variability of crop yields for the Polissia and the Forest-Steppe regions of Ukraine. In addition, the approaches to differentiating agroeconomic and agroecological components in the variability of the productive potential of the territories were developed. Approaches have been developed to quantify the spatial and temporal variability of soil erosion for individual areas of the region. The issue of assessing the impact of erosion processes on crop yields at the regional level remains unresolved. The diversity of landscapes and soil cover in Polissia and the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was assessed in this article. The research covered 10 administrative regions of the north and northwest of Ukraine, which are located mainly within mixed forests (Polissia) and the eastern European forest steppe (Forest-Steppe). Part of the territory is tangential to the Carpathian mountain forests and the Pontic steppe. Within the study area, 30 WRB soils were identified. The largest area is occupied by Phaeozems Albic (21.7% of the total area of the region). These soils are located mainly in the southern and central parts of the region. In the north of the region, Phaeozems Albic form an almost continuous cover, and to the north, the areas of these soils become island-like. Phaeozems Luvic cover 12.1% of the region's territory. The Phaeozems group also includes Phaeozems Gleyic (0.93%), Phaeozems Haplic (0.13%), and Phaeozems Sodic (1.78%). Albeluvisols Umbric (17.1%) occupy a significant part of the region's territory. These soils occupy the north of the region and extend south along the Dnipro River floodplain. Spatially close to these soils are Albeluvisols Gleyic (12.8%). In the western part of the region, in Prykarpattia, there are Albeluvisols Stagnic (0.82%). The organic carbon content in the soils of the administrative districts of the region in the 0-5 cm layer was 5.2±3.3% and ranged 0.5% to 23.9%. In the layers of 5–15 and 15–30 cm, this figure decreased to 1.9 ± 1.1% and 1.9 ± 1.0%, respectively. In the 30–60 cm layer, the organic carbon content was 1.4 ± 0.8% and ranged 0.1% to 6.1%. The lowest organic carbon content was observed in the north central part of the region, and the highest content was observed in the north-east and north-west of the region. In the south of the region, there was found a strip of soils with moderate organic carbon content. The lowest content of organic carbon is characteristic of Albeluvisols and Podzols, which are located in the north of the region. In turn, the highest content of organic carbon is characteristic of organogenic Histosols, which, together with Albeluvisols and Podzols, form the basis of the soil cover structure of the territories in the northeast and northwest of the region. It should be noted that the agronomic role of these soils is insignificant, and their organic carbon content cannot be considered as a traditional indicator of fertility. Nevertheless, organic carbon is a reliable indicator of the anti-erosion properties of both natural and agricultural soils. The organic carbon content of Chernozems is quite high, which is a factor in the high fertility of these soils and their importance in agricultural production. The organic carbon content of Fluvisols and Gleysols is naturally high. The importance of these hydromorphic soils is due to their high productive potential, which ensures their use in agriculture. It is also worth noting their high seed protection potential. Phaeozems cover a large area of the region and contain a high level of organic carbon. These soils form the basis of agricultural production and forestry in the region. The silt content in the region's soils measured 45.6 ± 8.5%, ranging 19.1% to 57.6%. The north of the region is represented by soils with the lowest silt content (19–41%). In the center, in the west of the region, there is a zone with the highest silt content (53–58%). In other parts of the region, there are transitional levels of silt content in the soil. The clay content in the soils was 30.7 ± 13.8% and ranged 7.4% to 36.0%. The zone with the lowest clay content in soils has been formed in the north. The highest clay content in soils is typical for the southern part in the center of the region. The sand content in soils is highest in the northern part of the region, and the lowest in the southwestern and southern parts of the region.

Climate change and greenhouse gas emissions from soils under the winter wheat agroecosystem in Ukraine

The issue of global climate change is one of the most important challenges for modern environmental science. In this regard, assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from soils under agroecosystems is an extremely important task. The main purpose of the study was to assess the potential emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2 and N2O) from the soils under the winter wheat agroecosystem during its spring-summer growing season under the climate change in Ukraine. A comprehensive model of greenhouse gas emissions from agroecosystem soils was used as a theoretical basis. The study considered the main agroclimatic regions of Ukraine, such as Polissia, Forest-Steppe, Northern Steppe, and Southern Steppe. The modelling was performed for average long-term conditions of 1981–2020 and under scenario conditions (using the RCP4.5 climate scenario) for the decades of 2021–2030, 2031–2040, and 2041–2050. Estimates of CO2 emissions were obtained for the agroclimatic regions of Ukraine. According to the results, the largest CO2 emissions (0.886-0.940 t C-CO2/ha) will be expected when the average productive moisture supplies in the arable soil layer for the spring-summer period of winter wheat vegetation are 20–40 mm and the air temperature is 12–15 °C. Rise in the level of moisture reserves, averaged for the period, for more than 40 mm and the air temperature of 11–12 °C is accompanied by decrease in the level of CO2 emission (0.645–0.658 t C-CO2/ha). In arid conditions, with a decrease in the period-average moisture supplies in the arable soil layer to less than 20 mm and heightened average air temperatures (14.5–15.2 °C), a decrease in CO2 emissions is expected (0.755–0.770 t C-CO2/ha). The study showed that the highest N2O emission (1.087–1.703 kg N-N2O/ha) is expected at a high level of moistening (Md being equal to 0.474–0.713 relative units and air temperature – 11.3–13.0 °C) with a high intensity of nitrification and denitrification processes. Conditions characterizing the average level of N2O emission (0.657–0.890 kg N-N2O/ha) are formed under the moistening at a level of Md equaling 0.296–0.447 relative units and air temperature of 13.4–14.7 °C. There is a slowdown in denitrification processes and an increase in the share of emissions owing to nitrification. It has been found that the lowest N2O emission (0.508–0.537 kg N–N2O/ha) is expected under conditions of severe and very severe drought (according to the Md criterion), with a heightened temperature averaged at the level of 14.5–15.2 °C during the spring-summer period of winter wheat vegetation.

Analysis of the Influence of Various Factors on the Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Ukraine

A medical approach to the analysis of socio-economic, medical and demographic factors affecting the prevalence of tuberculosis in Ukraine is insufficient for timely prognosing the prospects for the development of the tuberculosis epidemic and developing an appropriate plan to address its challenges. Objective — to analyse influence of various factors on tuberculosis prevalence in Ukrainian population. Materials and methods. For the analysis, data were collected over the past sixteen years, covering all regions of Ukraine, including information on the number of specialized hospitals, the number of fluoroscopic examinations per 100,000 people, vaccination data, the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis excretors, the prevalence among urban and rural residents, and the percentage of different demographic groups (workers, health care workers, students, pupils, retirees, the unemployed, homeless people, released prisoners, private sector workers). Results and discussion. The analysis, conducted through the Stacking model, enables the identification of crucial variables that significantly influence the prevalence of tuberculosis. Evaluating the significance of each element in the model enables a deeper comprehension of morbidity dynamics and the optimization of intervention strategies. The creation and validation of machine learning models such as linear regression, random forests, and adaptive boosting have enabled accurate predictions of tuberculosis prevalence. The use of 5-fold cross-validation increased the reliability of the predictions, ensuring stability and accuracy across different demographic groups. Conclusions. The application of artificial intelligence in analyzing socioeconomic, medical, and demographic data has facilitated the identification of key factors influencing the prevalence of tuberculosis in Ukraine. Specifically, the analysis has verified the substantial effects of the quantity of specialized hospitals, the rate of fluoroscopic examinations, and the frequency of bacterial excretion on the prevalence rates.

Сharacteristics of demolition waste management in the regions of Ukraine

The volume of waste left from war-related destruction amounts to 10-12 million tons per year. Such volume is comparable to the annual volume of municipal solid waste generated in Ukraine. This situation led to formation of unauthorized landfills and complicated the existing problem of industrial, consumer, construction and demolition waste management. Consequently, the issue of destruction waste management became a pressing environmental and socio-economic problem. The objective of this research is to assess the characteristics of destruction waste management in the regions of Ukraine. Destruction waste is generated during construction of new buildings and public structures, as well as during renovation or demolition of existing buildings and structures; including general-use facilities. It is estimated that, before the war, nearly 7 million tons of construction and demolition waste was generated annually, with more than 50% being transported to municipal solid waste landfills. Specialized landfills for its disposal were virtually non-existent in the regions of Ukraine, so this waste, despite its resource value, was taken to municipal solid waste landfills or unauthorized dumps. Some components of construction and demolition waste are toxic. Destruction waste includes parts (fragments) of damaged (destroyed) objects, as well as materials and items that were inside or next to such objects at the time of damage (destruction) and/or during disassembly activities, including those that fully or partially lost their consumer properties and cannot be reused at the place of their origin or discovery. Destruction waste pollutes the environment, so one of the ways to reduce environmental risks is to develop an effective waste management system to stop chaotic processes during disassembly activities. Destruction waste differs from construction and demolition waste by the presence of accompanying hazardous components, complicating the development of a waste management system. The main components of destruction waste should be used as secondary raw materials for construction, production of building materials and other purposes. Provided that appropriate physical-geographic, engineering-geological, hydrogeological, technical, and socio-economic conditions are available, it is advisable to create temporary waste storage sites, with their subsequent use as secondary raw materials in the post-war period for restoration of civil, industrial, and transport infrastructure in the regions of Ukraine.

Changes in the air temperature regime across the Dniester River basin at the beginning of the 21st century

The relevance of the chosen topic is based on the goals and objectives of the Water Strategy of Ukraine until 2050 that provides for promotion of studies on the impact of climate change on the water content of Ukrainian rivers. The Dniester River is a transboundary river. It supplies water to Moldova and several regions of Ukraine. Predicting possible changes in the Dniester River's runoff due to global warming will help our society adapt to new climate conditions and take preventive measures. The research of the mountainous part of the watershed is of particular importance, as it is the area of runoff formation. Warming can change contribution of the snow component to the river's feed pattern and affect the total river flow. The object of the study: changes in air temperature due to global warming. The subject of the study: assessment of changes in the temperature regime within the Dniester watershed and impact of such changes on formation of its mountainous part's runoff. The study is aimed at assessing the changes in the air temperature regime within the Dniester River watershed at the beginning of the 21st century and assessing the impact of warming during winter season on formation of mountain rivers' spring floods. The main research methods include the method of difference integral curves and the method of regression analysis. The research materials include average monthly and annual air temperatures at 13 meteorological stations located within the Dniester watershed for the period of 1947-2021. The research indicated that the Dniester watershed is subject to warming. Statistically significant changes in air temperature began in 1988. Fluctuations in average annual air temperatures occur synchronously. Positive statistically significant trends over the entire observation period (1947-2021) were found for average annual air temperatures, average monthly temperatures of both warm and cold periods, and for the winter season. When considering two measurement periods (before 1989 and after), it was found that no statistically significant trends were observed before 1989. They were formed after 1989. It was also discovered that mountainous watersheds of the Ukrainian Carpathians respond to warming by forming negative trends in the fluctuations of average monthly runoff of spring floods.

Assessment of suitability of the Dniester River's water for drinking water supply

The Dniester is a transboundary river between Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova. It is the second longest river in Ukraine and the ninth in Europe. From its source to a town of Staryi Sambir, the Dniester flows through the Carpathian Mountains, then across the flat territory of Ukraine and Moldova. The Dniester Basin extends across seven regions in southwestern Ukraine (Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Khmelnytskyi, Vinnytsia, Chernivtsi and Odesa Regions). A small area of the river in its upper reaches is located in Poland. The basin's shape is a very elongated oval that is curved in the middle, about 700 km long with an average width of 120 km. As it flows into the Black Sea, the Dniester River forms the Dniester estuary in Odesa region (between Ovidiopol and Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi districts). The estuary area of the Dniester River is a complex landscape system at the sea-river-land contact. Drinking water is an important factor determining a person's health. Due to the intensive development of industry, agriculture and utility services, the number of pollutants that enter the environment and worsen the quality of drinking water in Ukraine keeps increasing. This increases the risk of toxic and infectious diseases spread among the population that consumes such low-quality water. That is why solving the problem of drinking water monitoring and assessment of its quality is a pressing task requiring urgent action. The article examines the quality of water for drinking needs at the water intake site of the Dniester River, a town of Biliaivka, for 2018-2022. Water quality assessment was carried out according to DSTU 4808: 2007 based on average and worst values. The methodology covers 80 indicators and, in accordance with sanitary legislation, is divided into seven separate groups (blocks). According to hygienic standards, the quality of river water is considered suitable for use if it belongs to quality classes 1-3. In this research, the analysis was carried out according to 23 indicators included in three groups, so the assessment is considered as tentative: Group I - organoleptic indicators (chromaticity, turbidity); Group II - general sanitary indicators (dry residue (mineralization), sulfates, chlorides, magnesium, alkalinity, hydrogen index, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, bichromate oxidation (COD), BSK5); Group VII – toxicological parameters (total iron, manganese, chromium (VI), zinc, petroleum products, synthetic surface active agents (surfactants), volatile phenols). It was determined that, according to the average values, the water quality of the Dniester at the water intake site is characterized as "good", which means it has clean water of acceptable quality. As for the worst indicators, the water was assessed as transitional in quality from "good" (clean) to "satisfactory" (slightly polluted).

Features of the organization and activities of the military college of the supreme court of the USSR during World War II

Without pretending to be exhaustive, the authors aim to focus on the organizational features of the functioning of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court (MCSC) of the USSR during the Second World War and the specifics of its punitive practice in the specified period in the western regions of Ukraine. The purpose of the task is to clarify the powers, the circumstances of the struggle for the strengthening of the monopoly in the control of military tribunals (MT) between the MCSC and the People's Commissariat of Justice (PCJ) of the USSR, highlighting the role of the Military Board in passing judgments, the implementation of absentee justice, as well as the details of the preparation and conducting field sessions in the west of Ukraine. The research methodology combines the tools of historical and legal analysis and social anthropology. The scientific novelty consists in posing and revealing the problem of conceptualization and practical implementation of the punitive policy of the Soviet state with the participation of the highest military judicial institution. The material introduced into scientific circulation makes it possible to focus research optics on the issues of interaction and parallelism, the struggle between various departments for control over special courts, to create a more complete picture of the arbitrariness that unfolded in the last war and post-war years in the western Ukrainian lands. It was established that the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR was an integral part of the political terror implemented both in the armed forces and against the civilian population. Created in 1939, the parallelism in the control of the VT by the People's Commissariat of Justice and the MCSC caused a confrontation between these bodies. The top of the USSR used this in their interests to maintain their own undivided control over the judiciary. The content and methods/forms of the punitive practice of this institution (customary nature, absentee justice, etc.) remained intact since the Great Terror and were fully controlled by the highest political leadership of the USSR. This was clearly confirmed during the work of field sessions in the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR.

XXVII МНТК “Геофорум-2024”

Information about the next, traditional, annual International Scientific and Technical Conference “Geoforum-2024” (April 10-12, 2024, Lviv-Bryukhovychi), organized as always by the Western Geodetic Society of UTGC. The conference featured a ceremonial opening, plenary and sectional meetings, presentations, a professional exhibition of geodetic and photogrammetric equipment and modern technologies, as well as scientific and educational literature. A round table was held dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the USK 2000 DGM and the development of the national geodetic reference system. The resolution adopted by the “Geoforum-2024” ISTC is aimed at solving urgent problems in the field. Participants included specialists from various regions of Ukraine and abroad.

Winter Wheat Historic Trends and Yield Gaps in the Wheat State

AbstractWheat is the most widely grown grain crop in the world, and the United States is ranked as the fourth major wheat producer after China, India, and Russia. Kansas is the top winter wheat‐producing state in the United States and, as such, is nicknamed “The Wheat State.” A significant yield gap has existed in Kansas between potential winter wheat yields and the actual farm level average yield. Due to current conflict in the major wheat‐growing region of Ukraine and Russia and recent droughts, record decline in world wheat stocks was expected. To further understand winter wheat’s contribution to the economy, production trends, and relationship with climate variability, data available in the state of Kansas through annual winter wheat yield trials and USDA reports were used to study winter wheat historic trends and relations. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by taking the quiz for the article at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.

The vascular plant species of different protection levels in the ecosystems of the regional landscape parks of the Ukrainian Polissia

The Ukrainian Polissia is a distinctive region in terms of biodiversity, with a significant number of northern and boreal species and communities, as well as Central European species in the Western Polissia. The research region stretches from west to east for 750 km, and from north to south for 120–150 km. In the northeast direction, its territory gradually narrows to 50–80 km and constitutes a significant part of the important ecological corridor of Eastern Europe. Background. The natural conditions of the Ukrainian Polissia are favorable for the formation of coniferous, broadleaf and mixed forests, which are zonal communities here. The widespread distribution of fluvioglacial sediments causes the predominance of sandy sod-podzolic soils and associated pine forests. The high groundwater table and the low surface area contribute to the development of eutrophic peat bogs. All this leads to the formation of a diverse vegetation cover, which contributes to the representativeness and significant preservation of floristic and coenotic diversity. One of the key roles in the protection of rare species of phytodiversity in the Polissia region of Ukraine belongs to multifunctional protected areas, including the category of “regional landscape parks”. They cover more than 200 species of vascular plants of the Polissia region, with diffe­rent conservation statuses – from the international level of protection to the regional one. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted using conventional field (route-based, geobotanical descriptions of key areas) and desk methods. The species names are given according to the International Plant Names Index, and their belonging to the protected categories is based on the conservation criteria and protection levels accor­ding to the regulatory documents. Results and Discussion. The materials of the research of phytodiversity of five regional landscape parks (Prypiat-Stokhid, Nadsluchanskyi, Ptashynyy Rai, Mizhrichenskyi, Yalivshchyna), in particular rare species, are presented, as evidenced by their diversity, including a number of glacial relics, endemics and borderline species located at the southern or eastern border of the distribution area. Conclusions. The study has revealed that the rare vascular plant flora of the Polissia regional landscape parks is represented by 56 species included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, 145 species under regional protection of three oblasts of the Polissia region, nine species from Appendix I of the Bern Convention, four species from Appendix II of CITES, and three species included in the European Red List. Two RLPs are the most sozologically representative in the study area: Nadsluchansky (six species of international protection statuses, 30 species of the Red Data Book of Ukraine, 107 species of regional protection level) and Mizhrichynsky (14 species with international protection statuses, 28 species of the Red Data Book of Ukraine, 51 species of regional protection level), which is determined by the peculiarity of natural conditions, habitat diversity and area of the territories. regional landscape parks as a category of nature reserve fund of regional status within the Polissia region of Ukraine cover most of the representative habitats, which include a corresponding number of rare species of different levels of protection, namely: forest (87 species), herbaceous (85 species), marsh (36 species) and aquatic (30 species) habitats.

Оптимізація стратифікації ризику несприятливого найближчого прогнозу у хворих із високим ризиком тромбоемболії легеневої артерії

The aim – to develop and validate a scale for the additional risk of early death in patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism.Materials and methods. At the 1st stage of the study, a formula for additional stratification of the risk of early death of high-risk PE patients was developed. With the help of ROC analysis, it was established that the sensitivity of the received prognostic formula is 64.0 %; specificity 92.1 %. Based on the formula, we proposed the SBAFS scale (S – saturation, B – bifurcation, A – arterial hypotension, F – ejection fraction, S – female gender). To further verify the proposed scale and formula, the II stage of the study was conducted on a multicenter cohort (8 centers in Ukraine that provided information on high-risk PE patients who were hospitalized for the period from 01.01.2023 to 12.2023). At this stage, 75 high-risk PE patients were included, the average age was (60.60±13.40) years, among them there were 38 (50.7 %) men, 37 (49.3 %) women. The first group consisted of 65 (80 %) patients who were discharged from the hospital with improvement, and the second group – 15 (20 %) patients died during hospitalization due to an acute episode of PE. Clinical and anamnestic, laboratory and instrumental indicators were analyzed, statistical analysis was performed data.Results and discussion. It was established that in the II subgroup of patients with high-risk PE, not only the average value of the Y indicator was significantly higher than in the I subgroup: (0.785±0.250) and (0.306±0.330), p=0.00002, but also the proportion of patients with indicator Y>0.5: 13 (86.7 %) and 16 (26.7 %), respectively, p=0.00001. In order to check the sensitivity and specificity of the formula, we performed a ROC analysis for the II stage of our research: the sensitivity of the prognostic formula we obtained is 93.3 %; specificity of 74.6 %, which confirms the result of the 1st stage. When checking the SBAFS scale recommended by us, it was also established that the average score on the scale was (2.53±0.83) in patients of the II group and was higher than in the I group: (1.57±0.96), p=0,0006.Conclusions. The main factors associated with the risk of in-hospital death in high-risk PE patients are a decrease in oxygen saturation, thrombus localization in the LA bifurcation according to MSCT-angiography, arterial hypotension, female sex, and a decrease in the left gastric ejection fraction according to Echo-CG. The previously proposed SBAFS risk scale confirmed its value when tested with the participation of cardiologists from 8 regions of Ukraine – sensitivity 93 %, specificity – 75 %. The possibility of using a simplified assessment of the risk of early death in patients with PE with a high total score was confirmed, as this indicator was significantly higher in the deceased – 2.5 against 1.6 (р=0.0006).

AUDIT OF INFECTION CONTROL EFFECTIVENESS AND ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS ADMINISTRATION IN UKRAINE: A PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP

Indicators of antibiotic resistance in the world and in Ukraine are steadily increasing. As of 2021, there is a national standard in Ukraine that recognizes the deescalation of antibiotic therapy, but the war in Ukraine has significantly disrupted the supply of essential services. War-related infections and antimicrobial resistance are seriously affecting the health of people in Ukraine and beyond, forming a great reservoir of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections Aims: monitor the effectiveness of infection control and antibiotic administration in the Public Health Department of Ukraine. Methods: Based on the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of the PDO National Medical University named after O.O. Bogomolets, a prospective observational study was carried out - an anonymous audit of doctors, anesthesiologists and doctors of other specialties who work at the Public Health Service of Ukraine from the beginning of 2024. The investigation was carried out on the online platform Google-form. After the completion of the tracking period, all completed data was transferred to an Excel table and analyzed using additional descriptive statistics for parametric data. Results: The results of 214 participants from different regions of Ukraine were collected. Half of the respondents reported that the department of infection control functions effectively - 105 (49.2 %), formally important - 85 (39.9 %), and does not function in 3 (1.5 %) Cefazolin as the first choice AB (57.7 %), using of Ceftriaxone (18.6 %) or Cefuroxime (7.9 %) as the 1st line of AB prophylaxis. About not using the protocol tell for us the choice of AB 2-line AB prevention and treatment of Gram+ and Gram-infection. The most common resistant pathogens in the Ukrainian health care sector were: Klebsiella pneumonia 140 (65.4 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 99 (46.3 %) species. Most respondents also reported the expansion of three courses of AB therapy: 7-10 days in 97 (45.5 %) and 10 days and more – 85 (39.9 %) types. Conclusion: most health protection regulations in Ukraine today include the creation of infection control and approval of local documents (new clinical protocols, patient routes) from infection control and administration Instruction of AB. However, wider problems are avoided without the continuation of specific protocols, the use of AB group reserve for AB prophylaxis, the choice of non-optimal empirical AB therapy, the wider acceptance of combination therapy without indications, trivial courses therapy and type of de-escalation.

DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE

The article examines the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine in modern conditions. The main factors affecting the slow development of this sector have been identified and analyzed, including: lack of legislative regulation of the activities of social enterprises, insufficient awareness of the population about their activities, a small number of social enterprises and socio-economic instability of the national economy. Key external and internal factors contributing to the development of social entrepreneurship at the regional level were discussed, and recommendations aimed at improving the situation were substantiated, including the need to develop a national strategy for the development of social entrepreneurship. The authors justified the importance of applying a comprehensive approach to the development of social entrepreneurship and support at all levels to ensure the rapid development of social enterprises, which will contribute to solving social problems and improving the welfare of society. It was found that the development of social entrepreneurship in the regions of Ukraine is determined by a combination of external and internal factors, including informing the population, simplifying taxation, grant support, preferential lending, support from the authorities, staff training, production development and the search for new customers. It was determined that in order to ensure the effective development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, it is necessary to develop a national strategy that would ensure the coordination of efforts of all interested parties, as well as support regional initiatives, such as the creation of resource centers and the development of regional strategies. The role of social enterprises in the employment of vulnerable segments of the population, employment of youth, solving gender problems, and generating funds to finance the solution of social problems within the scope of their activities has been studied.

Designing a toolset for assessing and implementing the potential of energy-saving economic development of enterprises

The object of this study is the evaluation and implementation of the potential of energy-saving economic development of enterprises. The task to design an effective toolkit for evaluating and implementing the specified potential was resolved. The theoretical principles of formation and measurement of the level of energy-saving economic development of enterprises have been substantiated. A procedure for assessing the potential of energy-saving economic development of companies has been devised. This procedure involves determining the possibilities of enterprises to ensure simultaneous growth of economic results and the level of energy efficiency through the development and implementation of an optimal program of measures for such growth. The mechanism for implementing the potential of energy-saving economic development of enterprises on the basis of identifying and overcoming the main obstacles that appear on the way to such development has been improved. The proposed theoretical and methodological approaches to the assessment and implementation of the potential of energy-saving natural gas economic development of enterprises was verified on a sample of 110 enterprises in the western region of Ukraine. In particular, it was established that the estimated potential of energy-saving natural gas economic development of the studied enterprises is very high. In particular, for more than 50 % of enterprises in all three industries, the value of this potential exceeds 6 %. At the same time, enterprises with a higher level of energy-saving economic development in the reporting period were characterized by a smaller value of this potential at the end of that period. The toolkit proposed in this study could be used by enterprises of all types of economic activity when assessing the potential of their energy-saving economic development and when devising measures to implement the specified potential. This would help improve the economic efficiency of companies

Migration as an effect of russian aggression against ukraine: understanding the consequences

It has long been no secret that migration processes have a great impact on the number and composition of the population of all countries. These processes have always played and will play a multifaceted role in the development of mankind, acting as a form of human adaptation to the changing conditions of its existence. The war between Russia and Ukraine, which began back in 2014 with the occupation of Crimea along with some areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, has serious far-reaching consequences, one of which is significant migration flows. As a result of hostilities, occupation, and invasion of Russian troops in February 2022, many Ukrainians were forced to seek refuge in other regions of the country or beyond. This led to the emergence of mass internal migration to relatively safe regions of Ukraine and unprecedented in the history of our country external migration to neighboring European states. Accordingly, these migration processes have a great impact on the demographic structure and social situation both in the receiving regions of Ukraine and in the countries that received Ukrainian refugees. It has been demonstrated that the main demographic risks faced by Ukraine pose a threat to stable socio-economic development and have become a serious challenge for Ukrainian society. The most urgent task of Ukrainian migration policy today is the development of political instruments that would encourage and facilitate the return of Ukrainian refugees to their homes. The article uses a systematic analysis based on statistical data of international and public organizations, and statesmen to determine the peculiarities of migration flows in war conditions; induction and deduction - to systematize the key causes and consequences of the migration of the population of Ukraine. The main emphasis is on the analysis of the impact of migration processes on the economic development of Ukraine, social stability and cultural identity of the population.

Rare component of biota in the Data Centre "Biodiversity of Ukraine" and its possible use to identify hotspot areas and evaluation of biodiversity

The problem of assessing the diversity of biotic complexes is extremely important and relevant and has been covered in numerous publications, mostly for certain taxonomic groups. The use of information retrieval systems with large databases opens up new opportunities and approaches to automated biodiversity assessment. All the data used in this article are taken from the web resource of the Data Centre “Biodiversity of Ukraine” and include data from museum collections, literature and human observation. To evaluate species diversity included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, we developed a scoring scale for each protected category based on a ranking system according to its protected category. For the assessment, we used Disappearing species, Vulnerable species, and Rare species only. To highlight hotspot areas we used the aggregation maps with 20 × 20 km squares. Species diversity of the species included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine of the western region of Ukraine in the CDBU is represented by 498 species (fungi 41, plants 191, animals 266). By oblasts of the western region of Ukraine: Volyn oblast 139 species (fungi 3, plants 51, animals 85), Rivne oblast 85 (fungi 5, plants 32, animals 48), Lviv oblast 260 (fungi 17, plants 90, animals 153), Ternopil oblast 182 (fungi 9, plants 48, animals 125), Ivano-Frankivsk oblast 219 (fungi 28, plants 59, animals 132), Chernivtsi oblast 105 (fungi 6, plants 49, animals 50), Zakarpattia oblast 190 (fungi 26, plants 70, animals 94). Most of the defined hotspots coincide with the territories of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine, and some hotspots are located in large cities (scientific centers) with vicinities. We have also identified hotspots outside of existing nature reserves, including the territories of large water reservoirs, river valleys, and historical biodiversity hotspots. Thus, Data сentre “Biodiversity of Ukraine” tools can be used to assess rare biodiversity and its restoration in the post-war period, as well as to identify hotspots and locations for creating new protected territories, identifying ecological corridors and developing ecological networks and monitor changes in biodiversity caused by climate change.

Деколонізація топонімів міста Вінниця: лексико-семантичний аналіз

A toponym is defined as a common name for any toponymic objects, starting from large geographical names and administrative districts and ending with small internal urban objects (names of streets, squares, settlements, regions, countries, etc.). The main purpose and function of toponyms is to highlight, individualize, and identify named objects among others. Ukrainian onomastics has consistently pointed to the necessity of a systematic study of toponymy, including microtoponymy. The attention of researchers to the microtoponymy of certain regions of Ukraine has increased significantly, and this is represented in the studies of M. Khudash, K. Tsiluiko, E. Cherepanova, D. Buchko, L. Humetska, K. Halas, I. Zheliezniak, S. Verbych, Y. Karpenko, Z. Kupchynska, V. Loboda, J. Pura, M. Torchynskyi, N. Torchynska, Y. Stepanov, and many others. Equally important is the study of urban names, including regional ones. Urban name is the name of an inner-city object that represents the semantic character of the city, records the history of urban structures, their social, ethnic and cultural function. Both Ukrainian and foreign scholars have conducted research in the field of urban names. Among them: D. Buchko, O. Belei, N. Lisniak, N. Liasovets, R. Liashenko, O. Halai, I. Sabodash, Y. Fernos, L. Masenko, P. Chuchka, T. Shmelva, V. Kamianets, M. Blicha, E. Jedrzefko, and others. The purpose of this article is to analyze the lexical and semantic aspects of the hodonyms of Vinnytsia, which appeared as a result of the decolonization of toponyms in 2023. The main research methods are: descriptive, comparative-historical, structural-semantic, and component analysis. Results. The new names immortalize the memory of outstanding figures of culture and art, significant historical episodes, heroes of the all-time liberation struggles, and heroes of the Russian-Ukrainian war. All the analyzed onyms are divided into two groups: derivatives of other proper names, including anthroponyms, microtoponyms, microhydronyms, and onyms of appellative origin. The group of hodonyms derived from anthroponyms includes about 150 names. Among them are the following: 1) hodonyms-names of the heroes of the Russian-Ukrainian war; 2) hodonyms-names of cultural and arts figures, including Ukrainian writers, publicists, journalists, literary scholars, critics, folklorists, composers, singers, actors, artists, architects, and film directors; 3) hodonyms-names of Ukrainian public figures, princes, philanthropists, human rights activists, politicians, military leaders, scientists, educators, and rebels. The group of hodonyms derived from toponyms is presented as follows: 1) derived from oikonyms, including astionym; 2) derived from chorononyms, including sovereignonyms; 3) derived from microtoponyms, microhydronyms. The group of hodonyms derived from appellatives is represented by a small number of names for natural features of the area, the location of an object, etc. Novelty consists in the fact that it is the first lexical and semantic analysis of the hodonyms of Vinnytsia as part of the decolonization of toponyms in 2023. Conclusions. Like other cities in Ukraine, Vinnytsia faced a wave of decolonization of toponyms with Russian and Soviet echoes in 2022-2023. As a result, streets, alleys, and squares were given their historical names. There are personal tributes to the fallen heroes of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The urbanonymicon of Vinnytsia is structured by onymic and appellative derivatives, among which anthroponymic and toponymic homonyms predominate. They reflect the worldview of the city's inhabitants, have important cultural significance, and perform a social, ethnic, and cultural function.

ECO-TRANSFORMATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AS A PREREQUISITE FOR SUSTAINABLE RECOVERY OF UKRAINIAN REGIONS

The directions of eco-transformation of higher education institutions as an important factor in ensuring the sustainable recovery of the regions of Ukraine are examined in the article. The research is devoted to determining the essence and key aspects of eco-transformation in the university environment, taking into account the importance of its influence on the economic, social, and ecological development of regions. A review of foreign experience and modern practices implemented in green universities, including their positions in global sustainability rankings, implemented technological innovations and educational programs, is carried out. Special attention is paid to the role of ecologically oriented universities in the sustainable recovery of the regions of Ukraine and the strategic directions of ecological transformation of higher education institutions. The role of distance learning and digital innovations in the processes of eco-modernization is defined. Modern challenges and prospects of eco-transformation within the national educational system are highlighted. Conclusions about the importance and necessity of eco-transformation of higher education institutions of Ukraine for the sustainable recovery and development of regions are formed.

Lavandula angustifolia Herb from Ukraine: Comparative Chemical Profile and in vitro Antioxidant Activity.

Lavandula L. genus plants have always been relevant as medicines for various purposes in food, medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetology and aromology. Ukraine is a new territory in the mass plant cultivation and lavender essential oil production. Therefore, the issue of integrated use of herbal raw materials and their intended use is still relevant. For the first time, ten samples of Lavendula angustifolia herb from 5 growing regions of Ukraine were studied for the composition and content of polyphenols and terpenoids using HPLC and HPTLC methods, respectively, to assess the prospects and quality of herbal raw materials. The results obtained showed that L. angustifolia herb has pronounced antioxidant activity due to the high content of phenolic compounds, namely hyperoside (5.665-11.629 mg/g), vanillic acid (5.986-11.196 mg/g), rosmarinic acid (0.211 to 1.488 mg/g), caffeic acid (0.369-3.835 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (0.239-4.619 mg/g), genistein-7-O-glucoside, as well as due to the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate, which was confirmed by qualitative analysis. The total antioxidant activity was the highest in samples from Lviv Botanical Garden (0.293 Trolox mg/mL), Kyiv OLawander (0.288 Trolox mg/mL), Kharkiv Bohodukhiv (0.270 Trolox mg/mL) which is due to the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds. At the same time, the most intense zones of terpenoids in lavender herb were noted for images from Kharkiv region Lebiazhe and Kitchenkivka villiges. Cluster analysis showed priority in the selection of marker compounds (vanillic acid, hyperoside, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid) for lavender herb based on their quantitative content in the samples. In the future, lavender herb from Ukraine can be considered as a promising raw material with neuroprotective properties as part of its complex use, as research continues.

THE SITUATION ON THE UKRAINIAN RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE MARKET IN THE PRE-WAR AND WAR PERIODS

The War and the Ukrainian Housing Market: Overview and Forecasts: The article examines the domestic housing market dynamics in the pre-war and war periods. Quantitative indicators of the housing stock of Ukraine are analyzed, and their dynamics and structure are highlighted. The State Program "eRestoration": The Way to Housing Restoration: The features of implementing the "eRestoration" program aimed at compensating damaged and destroyed housing are considered. Trends in price changes in the primary, secondary, and rental housing markets in different regions of Ukraine are substantiated and conceptualized. Resumption of construction: Dynamics and prospects: The article examines aspects of the resumption of construction in Ukraine: the number of residential complexes sold in 2023 and apartments put into operation are analyzed. The state's role in the recovery of the housing market emphasizes the critical role of the state in stimulating the development of the housing market and providing affordable housing for people who lost it due to the war. Housing market: challenges and prospects. 1. Functioning of the housing market: the housing market as a system of economic relations; its role in stimulating savings, redistribution of resources, and investment; the impact of the war on the domestic housing market. 2. Market trends in 2023: growing demand for ready or almost ready housing; higher real estate prices, especially in the western regions; internal and external population migration; slow construction and accumulation of pent-up demand. 3. Future forecasts: stabilization of the market in the absence of escalation of the war; conversion of pent-up demand into new transactions; price correction; opportunities for further market development; stimulation of demand for housing and commercial real estate; development of urban infrastructure. 4. The role of the state: the leading role of the state in the formation of the regulatory framework; implementation of programs to eliminate imbalances in housing provision; elimination of the adverse effects of the war; 5. Conclusion: The restoration and development of the housing market of Ukraine is a complex task that requires joint efforts of the state, businesses, and citizens. Improving the uniqueness of the text: new subheadings were added to improve the structure of the text; more dynamic and emotional words and phrases were used; author's opinions and analytics were added; specific examples and statistics were provided; complex sentences were rephrased to improve readability; a different writing style was used to emphasize the author's handwriting.