Regions Of Northern Vietnam Research Articles

Status of Ethnic Minority Children's Emotional and Social Skills in the Northern Regions of Vietnam

In the content of child development and capacity building, the most important content is emotional education - social skills for children. Emotional competencies - social skills are the most important segments in forming personality for preschool children, contributing to promoting the positive development of young individuals and society. Emotional- social skills of preschool children play an important role and are a prerequisite for the comprehensive development of the child's personality, helping children to have feelings, moral standards, and experiences in knowing what to do and should not do in order to have a correct and standard manners. However, the performance of children in schools in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam is still at a low level. The article also reveals difficulties affecting children's emotional-social skills such as the lack of attention from parents, the environment for children to practice, the lack of experience and children's underdeveloped common language. This article is completed based on the survey results and face-to-face interviews to find out the most effective solutions to educate children in the northern mountainous areas of Vietnam. The paper found that children's social and emotional skills need to be fostered by parents as well as by school because they play an important role in their development.

Assessing the important factors of sustainable agriculture development: An Indicateurs de Durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles‐Analytic Hierarchy Process study in the northern region of Vietnam

AbstractCombining the systemic indicators of sustainable agriculture provided by the Indicateurs de Durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles (IDEA) framework and the pairwise comparison method provided by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, this study examined 644 farmers in the Northern region of Vietnam (using Bac Giang province as a case study) to identify and rank those important factors according to their contributions to the farmer's practices. We found that the Economic dimension is the most important factor that contributes 54% toward the overall Sustainable Agriculture, followed by the Socio‐territorial dimension (29%) and then the Agroecology dimension (17%). We further argue that while it is reasonable for farmers to focus on the sustainable economic performance aspect of their farms, there is a need for the local authorities to be involved to maintain a balanced sustainable agriculture development in the region.

Pesticides and land cover heterogeneity affect functional group and taxonomic diversity of arthropods in rice agroecosystems

Biodiversity can be characterised across several dimensions, which are crucial for the evaluation of ecosystem services. Functional diversity, a key aspect of biodiversity, provides a more realistic characterisation of the functioning of ecological communities than only studying their taxonomic diversity. The relevance of functional ecology studies has steadily increased in agroecosystems. However, the combined effects of pesticides and land cover heterogeneity on the taxonomic and functional diversity of arthropod communities have been studied less frequently. We sampled arthropods during the dry season in 19 rice fields located in two different regions of Northern Vietnam. We assorted the arthropods into functional groups corresponding to different feeding habits and calculated the taxonomic and functional group diversities. Finally, we analysed the impacts of pesticide applications and land cover heterogeneity on both diversity measures. Taxonomic and functional group diversity measures were highly correlated. In turn, both diversity measures responded similarly to land cover heterogeneity and pesticides. Land cover heterogeneity had positive effects on taxonomic and functional group diversity, mainly at the early stage of rice crops. Conversely, the impact of pesticide application on both diversity measures was strongly negative. Our results suggest that rice agroecosystems can be more sustainable by increasing landscape heterogeneity and a reduced pesticide use. Such schemes may help to maintain higher levels of biodiversity that ensure ecosystem functioning, which will be therefore likely beneficial to provide ecosystem services in agroecosystems.

Trends and Extremes of Drought Episodes in Vietnam Sub-Regions during 1980–2017 at Different Timescales

This study investigated the temporal occurrence of dry conditions in the seven climatic sub-regions of Vietnam during the 1980–2017 period. This assessment was performed using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at 1 to 24 months timescales. Results show that the main periods of extreme drought occurred simultaneously throughout the country in 1992–1993 and 2003–2004, except for 2015–2016, when it was not identified in the southern region. In addition, a slight temporal lag was identified latitudinally (north–south) at the beginning of dry conditions, revealing the largest difference between the northern and southern regions. A positive trend in the time series of both indices (SPEI and SPI) prevailed in all sub-regions, with the SPEI minus SPI difference always being negative, suggesting the importance of temperature and evapotranspiration for this trend. Further detailed analyses were then performed using SPEI at 1-month and 12-months timescales for all climate sub-regions, as well as the main indicators to characterize duration and severity. Results show that the number of drought episodes did not vary much between regions, but they did vary in duration and severity at the annual scale. Moreover, changes in the soil root zone are largely associated with dry and wet conditions not only from season to season, but also in longer accumulation periods and more strongly in the northern regions of Vietnam. Indeed, a study of the most severe drought episodes also revealed the occurrence of negative anomalies of the root-soil moisture in the subsequent four or more months. Dynamic atmospheric conditions associated with the peak of most severe drought episodes show the crucial role of subsidence of dry air in the middle and high atmosphere, which prevents convection in the lower troposphere. Finally, the linkages between drought conditions in Vietnam and large-scale atmospheric and oceanic teleconnection patterns were revealed to be quite different among northern and southern sub-regions. During the positive phase of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), drought episodes at different timescales were identified in the southern climate sub-regions, while the negative phase was associated with drought conditions in the northern regions.

Two new peltate-leaved species of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae) from northern Vietnam

Two new species in Begonia sect. Coelocentrum, Begonia acutis, and B. remusatifolia, have been discovered in the karst regions of northern Vietnam, one of the richest habitats for Begonia. The differences of the two new species were compared with other peltate-leaved species in China and Vietnam, including B. cavaleriei, B. pulvinifera and B. wangii. According to IUCN Red List categories, B. acutis and B. remusatifolia were assigned to the Critically Endangered (CR) and the Endangered (EN) category, respectively.

Health Care, Medical Insurance, and Economic Destitution: A Dataset of 1042 Stories

The dataset contains 1042 records obtained from inpatients at hospitals in the northern region of Vietnam. The survey process lasted 20 months from August 2014 to March 2016, and yielded a comprehensive set of records of inpatients’ financial situations, healthcare, and health insurance information, as well as their perspectives on treatment service in the hospitals. Five articles were published based on the smaller subsets. This data article introduces the full dataset for the first time and suggests a new Bayesian statistics approach for data analysis. The full dataset is expected to contribute new data for health economic researchers and new grounded scientific results for policymakers.

Evaluation of the Causal Relationship between Export and GDP in the Northern Region of Vietnam

Evaluation of the Causal Relationship between Export and GDP in the Northern Region of Vietnam

Epidemiological Characteristics of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Northern Region of Vietnam.

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Southern Vietnam has been well reported as in Globocan 2018 while data from the North has still not been fully presented. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective descriptive study on 198 advanced HCC patients treated at 3 major hospitals in Northern Vietnam to describe demographic features, HCC risk factors, and correlation among them in patients with advanced HCC. This information will lead to prevention efforts and provide information for allocating funds for treatment. The median age at diagnosis was 57 years (range: 19-86) and the male/female ratio was 8.9/1. The proportions of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were 81.3% and 5.6%, respectively. Hepatitis C virus infection rate was significantly higher in patients <50 years old (12.5% vs 3.3%, P = .016). There was no significant difference in age or viral hepatitis infection status by gender. Only 7.6% of patients diagnosed with advanced HCC were asymptomatic. In conclusion, with the high rate of HBV infection among patients with advanced HCC, it is necessary for increasing prevention efforts in HBV screening. Furthermore, HCV infection should be noticed in patients with advanced HCC younger than 50 years old.

Higher Education Development Policies in the Northern Region of Vietnam from 1954 to 1965 and the Impacts of these Policies on Vietnamese Education Today

In the period of 1954-1965, Vietnamese higher education was developed in a very special historical context, which was the context of the country divided into two regions: The North was liberated, and entered the construction period of Socialism, while the South continued the people's democratic revolution. In the context of fierce war and starting point of difficult material foundations, with the proper policies and innovations of the Vietnam Labor Party and the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the higher education in the North achieved tremendous achievements that we could call wonders. In this process, although there were limitations, universities and professional secondary institutions built up good traditions of self-reliant spirit, linking theory with practical labor production, patriotism and the fighting to protect the educational achievements made by the teachers and pupils of institutions... It showed that the education in the North was still young but contributed significantly to the cause of training the successors of the revolutionary cause of the Party and people of Vietnam.

Pesticide diversity in rice growing areas of Northern Vietnam

Pesticide use in developing countries increases rapidly. In many regions, we miss knowledge of how frequently pesticides are applied and which active ingredients are used. We present a new cost-efficient and rapid assessment method of recording pesticides diversity in rice-dominated landscapes and present some evidence of the misuse of active ingredients in our study regions. We investigated 17 rice fields in two regions of Northern Vietnam in 2014 and 2015. At each region, we explore the abundance of pesticides used with three methods including (1) the novel approach of collecting pesticide packages close to our target rice fields, (2) observations of farmers spraying pesticides in the surrounding and (3) interviewing local farmers. By collecting pesticide packages, we found 811 packages containing 74 different active ingredients. On average, 19 active ingredients (ranging from four to 40 active ingredients) were applied with an average content of 275.3 g of active ingredients per site. Insecticide packages (39%) were most abundant followed by those of fungicides (31%), herbicides (16%) and other active ingredients (14%). On all sites, active ingredients banned in the European Union were applied by the farmers. Collecting pesticide packages proved to be an efficient and rapidly implemented method to obtain some baseline information about pesticide application (for Northern Vietnam). We suspect that improved agricultural extension services could contribute to good agricultural practices in pest management. Generally, better information and education for local farmers for appropriate use of pesticides seem a necessity.

Perspectives on principal instructional leadership in Vietnam: a preliminary model

PurposeWorldwide interest in principal instructional leadership has led to global dissemination of related research findings despite their concentration in a limited set of western cultural contexts. An urgent challenge in educational leadership and management lies in expanding the range of national settings for investigations of instructional leadership. The current study addressed this challenge in the context of Vietnam, a nation with a very limited formal knowledge base in school leadership (Hallinger and Bryant, 2013b; Hallinger and Truong, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to describe the perspectives of Vietnamese primary school principals toward their role as instructional leaders, illuminate instructional leadership practices perceived as important by the principals, and develop a preliminary model of instructional leadership within the Vietnamese education context.Design/methodology/approachThis study was a qualitative inquiry that sought to illuminate the perspectives of Vietnamese principals toward their role as instructional leaders. The research employed semi-structured interviews with 27 primary school principals. Data analysis employed grounded theory in order to synthesize results gathered from the principals into a preliminary conceptual model.FindingsThe study yielded a preliminary model of principal instructional leadership in Vietnam. The authors’ model evidences similarities to western models of instructional leadership by including dimensions focusing on setting direction, managing curriculum and instruction and developing the school learning climate. Differences also emerged in terms of two additional constructs, building solidarity and managing external relationships. Other distinctive practices of Vietnamese instructional leaders also emerged in the findings which the authors suggest can be linked to the institutional, political and socio-cultural context of education in this society.Research limitations/implicationsKey limitations arise from the focus on primary schools, small size of the sample, absence of data from the Northern region of Vietnam, and lack of verification of principals’ perspectives with data from other stakeholders.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first empirical studies of Vietnamese school leadership submitted for publication in international refereed journals and the first study that has that sought to conceptualize the instructional leadership role of principals in Vietnam. Moreover, the study illustrates how conceptualizations of school leadership are shaped by features of specific societies. This lends credence to scholarly admonitions concerning the lack of universality of leadership theories.

A Strategic Positioning Analysis for Container Terminals in Northern Vietnam

Vietnam is one of Asia's fastest developing economies. A long coastline of nearly 3,500 km provides a comparative advantage for Vietnam in developing a seaport system. Despite accounting for only about 30% of Vietnam's traffic volume, the Northern seaports have rapidly developed over the years. However, the location of the container terminals close to the common hinterland are a cause of fierce competition among container terminals. To outperform rivals and improve competitiveness, it is essential to identify the competitive positions of container terminals. This study analyzes the competitive positioning of container terminals in the northern region of Vietnam between 2005 and 2014 by applying the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix in order to assist terminal operators and policy makers to generate strategic planning as well as to improve priorities for development. Otherwise, the period from 2005-2014 aims to clarify the static and dynamic positioning of container terminals. The results demonstrate that the Hai Phong terminal dominates the market, but the Nam Hai Dinh Vu and Dinh Vu terminals are considered as "star" performers. Quang Ninh, Doan Xa, and Transvina are losing their competitive positions in Northern Vietnam.

Fabrication and vibration characterization of curcumin extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes of the northern Vietnam.

In this report, we present the research results on using the conventional method and microwave technology to extract curcuminoid from turmeric roots originated in different regions of Northern Vietnam. This method is simple, yet economical, non-toxic and still able to achieve high extraction performance to get curcuminoid from turmeric roots. The detailed results on the Raman vibration spectra combined with X-ray powder diffraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry allowed the evaluation of each batch of curcumin crystalline powder sample received, under the conditions of applied fabrication technology. Also, the absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies of the samples are presented in the paper. The information to be presented in this paper: absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies of the samples; new experimental study results on applied technology to mass-produce curcumin from turmeric rhizomes; comparative study results between fabricated samples and marketing curcumin products—to state the complexity of co-existing crystalline phase in curcumin powder samples. We noticed that, it is possible to use the vibration line at ~959 cm−1—characteristic of the ν C=O vibration, and the ~1625 cm−1 line—characteristic of the ν C=O and ν C=C vibration in curcumin molecules, for preliminary quality assessment of naturally originated curcumin crystalline powder samples. Data on these new optical spectra will contribute to the bringing of detailed information on natural curcumin in Vietnam, serving research purposes and applications of natural curcumin powder and nanocurcumin in Vietnam, as well as being initial materials for the pharmaceutical, cosmetics or functional food industries.

Molecular and morphological variation of Paragonimus westermani in Vietnam with records of new second intermediate crab hosts and a new locality in a northern province.

Paragonimus westermani is one of the most medically important lung flukes and is widely distributed in Asia. It exhibits considerable variation in morphological, genetic and biological features. In central provinces of Vietnam, a high prevalence of metacercariae of this species has been reported from the crab intermediate host, Vietopotamon aluoiense. In this study, we detected P. westermani metacercariae in two additional crab hosts, Donopotamon haii in Quang Tri Province, central Vietnam and Indochinamon tannanti in Yen Bai Province in the north. The latter is a new locality for P. westermani in a northern region of Vietnam where P. heterotremus is the only species currently known to cause human paragonimiasis. Paragonimus westermani metacercariae found in Vietnam showed considerable morphological variation but slight genetic variation based on DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS2 region and the mitochondrial 16S gene. Co-infection of the same individual crabs with P. westermani and P. heterotremus and/or some other Paragonimus species was found frequently, suggesting potential for co-infection in humans. The findings of the present study emphasize the need for highly specific molecular and immunodiagnostic methods to differentially diagnose between P. westermani and P. heterotremus infections.

Flash flooding prediction in regions of northern Vietnam using the KINEROS2 model

Flash flooding (FF) in Vietnam has become an important issue due to increasing loss of property and life. This paper investigates FF prediction using the Kinematic Run-off and Erosion model to perform comprehensive analyses to: (1) evaluate the role of initial soil moisture (θ) conditions using the Bridging Event and Continuous Hydrological model; (2) model the discharge (Q) using different rainfall inputs; (3) test the sensitivities of the model to θ and Manning's n coefficient (N) on Q and validate the model; and (4) predict channel discharge (QC) using forecasted rainfall. A relative saturation index (R) of 0.46 and N of 0.14 produced the best match of the simulated outflow to measured Q, while the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and R had significant effects on the magnitude of flooding. The parameter N had remarkable influences on the volume of flow and its peak time. Surprisingly, the use of radar rainfall data underestimated Q compared to the measured discharge and estimates using satellite rainfall. We conclude that the KINEROS2 model is well equipped to predict FF events in the study area and is therefore suitable as an early warning system when combined with weather forecasts. However, uncertainties grow when the forecasted period expands further into the future.

Trichinellosis in Vietnam.

Trichinellosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease with a worldwide distribution. The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological and clinical data of five outbreaks of trichinellosis, which affected ethnic minorities living in remote mountainous areas of northwestern Vietnam from 1970 to 2012. Trichinellosis was diagnosed in 126 patients, of which 11 (8.7%) were hospitalized and 8 (6.3%) died. All infected people had consumed raw pork from backyard and roaming pigs or wild boar at wedding, funeral, or New Year parties. The short incubation period (average of 9.5 days), the severity of the symptoms, which were characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, myalgia, edema, weight loss, itch, and lisping, and the high mortality, suggest that patients had ingested a high number of larvae. The larval burden in pigs examined in one of the outbreaks ranged from 70 to 879 larvae/g. These larvae and those collected from a muscle biopsy taken from a patient from the 2012 outbreak were identified as Trichinella spiralis. Data presented in this work show that the northern regions of Vietnam are endemic areas for Trichinella infections in domestic pigs and humans.

Relationships between work organisation and size of dairy farms: a case study based in Vietnam

In Vietnam, livestock farming policy is designed to develop milk production to increase the country's dairy self-sufficiency. However, workload is one of the main constraints limiting the potential for increasing production and herd sizes on family-run farms. The aim of this paper was to explore the relationships connecting work organisation forms and durations to herd sizes in order to understand the impacts of rationalising work by increasing herd numbers. A work organisation survey was carried on 19 dairy farmers in two regions of northern Vietnam. Statistical analysis was run to identify relationships between herd size, work organisation forms and work durations. A cluster analysis was used to establish a typology. The results show that the volume of routine work is higher in large herds but is also more efficient. Farmers running large herds lighten their family workload by mechanising routine tasks and by employing permanent contract workers. The paper concludes on a set of guidance strategies to help dairy farms develop their activity, such as hiring farm labour and mechanising farm tasks.

A STUDY ON THE TIMBER FRAMEWORK OF CHURCHES IN THE NORTHERN VIETNAM, BUI CHU, THAI BINH, AND PHAT DIEM DIOCESES

Our surveys have revealed that 1,224 churches are located in three dioceses in the northern region of Vietnam and that 298 churches of them are timber-framed churches. These timber-framed churches are constructed with Vietnamese traditional methods. In this paper, based on the information obtained from our surveys, we divided the structures of the timber-framed churches into frameworks composed of columns/beams and roof trusses, and then classified each of them individually. By paying attention to the beam laid on the central columns, the framework was divided largely into two categories and further classified into six smaller categories according to the beams laid on the outer columns. The roof truss was divided into five categories based on the shape and composition of members used. From the correlation between the two factors, in the end we categorized them into five structural types, and summarized the characteristics and transition of the structures of the timber-framed churches.

Culture-based fisheries in small reservoirs in northern Vietnam: effect of stocking density and species combinations

This study was conducted in 20 reservoirs, ranging in size from 4 to 30 ha, in the mountainous, northern region of Vietnam, in ThaiNguyen and YenBai provinces, over two growth cycles in 2002/03 and 2003/04. The reservoirs are leased by farmers for fishery activities from the provincial administration, and the trials were managed by the lessee farmers. Three species combinations in ratios (by fingerling weight) of grass carp: silver carp: bighead carp: common carp: mrigal 1:2:1:1:3 (A), 1:3:1:1:2 (B) and 1:2:1:1:2 (C) were used as seed stock. The overall mean yield of stocked fish in 2002/03 and 2003/04 growth cycles in reservoirs in ThaiNguyen and YenBai provinces was 165 (±21) and 190 (39), and 287 (±22) and 325 (±24) kg ha−1 respectively. The yield in reservoirs in both provinces, in both growth cycles and irrespective of the species combinations, increased in relation to stocking density. In reservoirs in ThaiNguyen Province, the species combination B gave the lowest yield (both growth cycles and overall), and differed significantly (P<0.05) from combinations A and C. The stocking efficiency (ratio of the yield of stocked fish in kg ha−1 to the weight of the stocked fish in kg ha−1) in reservoirs in ThaiNguyen Province ranged from 2.9 to 5.1 over the two growth cycles and that in YenBai from 2.8 to 3.9. There was no discernible trend between growth cycles and/or between species combinations. The major cost incurred was for fingerling procurement. In all instances, a net profit was accrued. The mean (±standard error (SE)) net profit ha−1 (in 103VN dong; approximately 15 500 VND=1 US$) was 885 (±270) and 864 (±214), and 1322 (±176) and 1600 (±150) for the growth cycles 2002/03 and 2003/04 for reservoirs in ThaiNguyen and YenBai provinces respectively. Between the two growth cycles, the net profit increased in eight and three reservoirs from YenBai and ThaiNguyen, respectively, the maximum increase being recorded in Khuan Gio (165%) and Dong Man (39%) reservoirs.

Centralized planning and economic reforms in a mountainous region of Vietnam

This study contributes to an understanding of the diversity of agrarian systems in the mountainous regions of northern Vietnam. By examining over 100 small family farms, we identified the major changes in production systems that have occurred over the last 50 years. Access to land, population migration, and individual initiative were the three major factors driving household differentiation. State policies had substantial impacts on all three factors, making the State the key driving force of differentiation. After years of central planning, farmers are now free to make their own choices as they interact with their new environment: the market economy. Effective farmers' organizations need to be established to provide farmers with the information and decision-making tools they need to adjust their production to fit the market. Somewhere between State control and total independence, community-based natural resource management schemes are needed to ensure that small family farms in the isolated mountainous areas are sustainable in the face of ineluctable macroeconomic changes.