Kyiv Region Research Articles

Violation of food taboos by peasant women of Kyiv region and political use of accusations of anthropophagy: the case of Hanna Bilorus

The article analyzes the emergence of psychopathological changes in peasant women resulting from long-term deprivation, using the examples of the archival and criminal case of Hanna Bilorus, oral historical testimonies, and official sources. These changes affected the deformation of women’s behavior and led to the spread of its extreme manifestations — violations of food taboos, an increase in cases of anthropophagy and necrophagy since the beginning of 1933. However, they were perceived by the peasants in different ways: from a sympathetic attitude to condemnation and lynchings. We discovered the long-term impact of the consequences of cannibalism on rural communities and the psyche of eyewitnesses to the tragedy. Additionally, it investigates the representation of cannibalism cases by the authorities, which often carry political undertones. Anthropophages were represented in official sources as marginal non-working elements (“ledar”), representatives of hostile social groups (“kurkuli”, “odnoosibnyky”), and spies. Using the archive-criminal case of Hanna Bilorus, the article demonstrates the correlation between accusations of espionage for Poland and the suspicion of cannibalism with the broader political context of 1932–1933. This context emphasized the “Polish threat” and the alleged dismantling of the DPU «counter-revolutionary network» associated with the Polish General Staff.

Assessment of the radiation exposure dose in air-water plants of various water body types in Polissia

The study aimed to determine the exposure patterns in air-water plants of Polissia reservoirs located in the territories with different levels of radionuclide contamination of the catchment area, and to assess the risk of radiation damage to air-water plants based on the radionuclides content in the bottom sediments of the reservoirs. To determine the regularities of the air-aquatic plant irradiation dose formation the results of the 2014– 2020 research were used on the specific activity of 90Sr and 137Cs in water, bottom sediments, and a set of data on the radionuclides content in aerial organs, rhizomes, and roots of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin as well as Tуpha angustifolia L. in the ecosystems of reservoirs outside the exclusion zone – Kyivskyi (Strakholissia village) and Povchanskyi (Povch village, Korostensky district, Zhytomyr Region) reservoirs, Bile lake (Bile village, Varasky District, Rivne Oblast), and Lake Lisove (village of Nova Markovka, Vyshgorod district, Kyiv region); in the exclusion zone – Lake Glyboke, Yanivsky Zaton and the averaged samples from the two reservoirs formed in the course of draining of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant cooling reservoir. The specific activity of 90Sr in the samples was determined by the oxalate method, and 137Cs was determined by the gamma spectrometric method in the aquatic radioecology department of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The heterogeneity of the plants environment, the attenuation of g-radiation by water masses and biomass, and the level of radionuclide contamination of aboveground and underground organs were taken into account while determining plant radiation dose rates. It was established that during the research period the dose rate of external g-irradiation of underwater organs of air-water plants that is formed by 137Cs concentrated in water masses, is 100 or more times lower than that of 137Cs radiation accumulated in bottom sediments, i.e. it can be neglected when determining the total dose. In the studied reservoirs of the exclusion zone, the external irradiation dose rate in air-water plants was 7.5–271 μGy/day, outside the exclusion zone it was 0.1–33 μGy/day. The dose rate of internal irradiation in the exclusion zone reservoirs air-water plants was 1.2–50 μGy/day, outside the exclusion zone it was 0.01–15 μGy/day. The total radiation dose rate in the exclusion zone reservoirs air-water plants was 9–289 μGy/day, in the reservoirs outside the exclusion zone it was 0.65–48 μGy/day. In the reservoirs outside the exclusion zone, the contribution of the external component to the total dose rate ranged from 69 to 81 %, in reservoirs within the exclusion zone it ranged from 69 to 78 %. The study established the levels of radionuclide content in the bottom sediments corresponding to various degrees of radiobiological effects manifestation in air-water plants. It was established that the plants of most reservoirs, in particular the Kyiv Reservoir, develop in the conditions of radiation well-being zones of and physiological masking, in some reservoirs of the exclusion zone they develop under the conditions of ecological masking zones. Key words: air-water plants, dose rate, bottom sediments, radionuclides.

Serological screening of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in stray and pet dogs populations in Ukraine

This study describes for the first time in Ukraine the results of serological screening for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in the population of pet and stray dogs. The study was conducted in the city of Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region, in 2021 and 2022. A total of 351 serum samples were examined, of which 168 were collected from pet dogs and 183 from stray dogs. The study included the use of serological methods, including immunochromatographic analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Line blot is a simplified form of Western Blot. The results of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that 14 positive samples from stray dogs had specific antibodies to B. burgdorferi s.l. In addition, 10 questionable serum samples were received, all from stray dogs. Further testing of the questionable samples using a Line blot assay showed that five of them contained antibodies to highly specific surface proteins of B. burgdorferi s.l., in particular to p100, VlsE and p18, confirming the presence of a natural infection. The remaining five samples were negative, indicating nonspecific immunoassay reactions. In contrast, the results of immunochromatographic analysis did not reveal any positive serum samples, which casts doubt on the possibility of using this method as a rapid screening tool for seroprevalence studies and requires further investigation. In summary, the study showed that the seroprevalence of Lyme borreliosis among the studied population of stray dogs remained stable between 2021 and 2022, with rates of 10.2% and 10.7%, respectively, without a statistically significant difference (p=0.9164). In contrast, the studied population of pet dogs was consistently seronegative for B. burgdorferi s.l. in both years. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in seroprevalence between the stray and pet dog populations studied (p<0.00001). The stability of the seroprevalence of Lyme borreliosis in the population of stray dogs indicates the constant presence and persistence of this zoonosis in the study region. This emphasizes the need to implement long-term surveillance to better understand the dynamics of the disease and the possibility of using dogs, especially stray dogs, as a «marker» species for predicting the risks associated with the spread of Lyme borreliosis. Continuous surveillance is crucial for the development of evidence-based strategies to combat vector-borne diseases within the framework of the One Health concept. Key words: Lyme borreliosis, seroprevalence, dogs, antibodies, B. burgdorferi sensu lato, Ukraine.

Influence of sowing dates on the biometric parameters formation of cold-resistant plants of sugar beet seeds using the direct method (no-planting method)

The influence of sowing dates on the formation of biometric indicators of cold-resistant sugar beet seed plants in the autumn-winter period was studied using the direct method (non-planting method) under conditions of unstable moisture in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe. The purpose of the study was to determine the biometric indicators of the root crops of sugar beet seeds, which contribute to the formation of cold-resistant plants and their preservation in the autumn-winter period using the direct method (no-seeding method) of growing at different sowing times. The research was conducted during 2021–2023 at the Bila Tserkva Research and Selection Station, Bila Tserkva District, Kyiv region, in conditions of unstable moisture in the Right Bank Forest Steppe. The experiment was carried out in accordance with the methodological requirements for field assessment of seed crops of sugar, fodder beets, methods of field experiment and the methods of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. It was found out that the formation of biometric indicators of roots of sugar beet seeds, which correspond to the indicators of cold-resistant plants, were optimal during the first period of sowing and had higher preservation. In 2021–2022, the preservation of non-emergent seeds of the first sowing period was 71.7 % of the emergency component, 38.0 % of the multi-seeded pollinator, which is quite enough to obtain seeds of the second season, respectively, 64.9 and 35.8 %. In 2022–2023 the survival rate of non-emergent seed plants of the first sowing period was 76.4 % of the component emergency, multi-seeded pollinators – 73.9 %, the second term – the component emergency was 71 %, of the multi-seeded pollinator – 38.4 %. The research results show the prospects of using the direct method (no-planting method) of growing sugar beet seeds in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Key words: biometric indicators, cold resistance parameters, plant growth and development, sugar beet seeds, plant preservation.

Productive, reproductive and bioenergetic characteristics of cows with different body condition score

The aim of this work was to study the influence of fattening of dairy cows body condition score on reproductive traits, productivity and bioenergetic indicators. The research was conducted during May-August 2021 in the conditions of the Terezine of the Vilnotarasivske branch (Kyiv region). The values of average monthly temperatures were within the limits of thermoneutrality for cows of dairy breeds. Three groups of second-lactation cows were formed for the study. The first group (n=14) included animals with a fatness score of 2.0 to 3.0 points, and the second group (n=24) with a score of 3.0 to 3.75 points and to the III-rd group (n=15) – 4 and above points. Assessment of fatness in groups of animals was carried out during the period of deep body. The productivity of cows during the first 120 days of lactation was determined using computer records and the DelPro program. Cows of the II group had a somewhat shorter dry period (by 3 and 1 day) compared to animals of the I and III groups. The shortest service period was observed in the first group of cows – 164 days, which is 7 and 24 days less than in animals of the second and third groups, respectively. Cows of the II group had the highest average daily productivity during each of the first 4 months of lactation (120 days). At the same time, productivity was the lowest in cows of the III group, and intermediate values were observed in the animals of the I group. At the same time, cows of the III-rd group had the lowest productivity during the same period. Analyzing the bioenergetic characteristics of cows of different levels of fatness, it was established that the highest rate of net energy expenditure for the production of 1 kg of 4 % milk was in cows of the IIIrd group – 3.71 MJ, and the lowest in animals of the IInd group – 3.49 MJ. Research results showed that cows of different fattening levels before calving had high energy indices – from 50.25 to 53.99 %, productive – from 0.260 to 0.286 kg for specific net energy loss from 1.852 to 1.988 MJ per 1 MJ of milk energy. Key words: dairy cows, fatness, productivity, reproduction, bioenergetic characteristics.

Efficiency of auxiliary products in organic millet production

Millet is recognized as one of the key crops in Ukrainian agriculture and has numerous advantages that increase its value for the agricultural sector. A particular advantage is its resistance to droughts and high temperatures, which makes it ideal for cultivation in dry regions. At the same time, millet processing products are universal and can be used in various industries, which contributes to the efficient use of resources. The use of millet in human consumption and as animal feed, as well as in industry, makes it extremely versatile. However, the production of vegetable protein remains an urgent problem for Ukraine, and in this context, millet cultivation becomes an important initiative. Improving the elements of millet cultivation technology is a very relevant area today, as there is no single recommended approach to growing this crop in organic production in Ukraine. With the adoption of legislation in the field of organic production, circulation and labeling of organic products, the issue of providing seed material for the main agricultural crops arises. Therefore, the research was aimed at the studying of the influence of auxiliary products approved for use in organic production on the formation of the of millet plants productivity. The research was conducted during 2022–2023 on the basis of the T.H. Shevchenko PAE (private agricultural enterprise), village Trostinka, Vasylkiv district, Kyiv region. The scheme of the experiment included the study of varietal characteristics of millet («Omriyane» and «Bila Altanka») and the action of biological preparations: «Biocomplex-BTU», «Organic-balance», and the conditions of their use. The treatment of seeds with auxiliary products («Biocomplex – BTU» and «Organic-Balance») had a significant effect on yield formation; under these conditions the yield indicators were at the level of 2.70–2.79 t/ha, which is 0.20–0.30 t/ha ha higher compared to the control options. It was found that the maximum millet yield indicators were obtained under the conditions of the complex application of biological preparations «Biokomplex-BTU» and «Organic-balance» (seed treatment + spraying of plants II, III, VIII stages) – 3.64–3.70 t/ha. Under these conditions the protein accumulation was (10.96–11.24 % on dry weight). Key words: millet, variety, biological preparations, productivity, organic production.

The influence of fungicidal protection on the formation of photosynthetic parameters of soybean crops

The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of fungicidal protection on the formation of the leaf surface area and photosynthetic indicators of soybean crops. The research was conducted in 2021– 2023 in the conditions of LLC «Savarske» Obukhiv district Kyiv region. The scheme of the experiment: Factor A. Varieties «Amadea», «Aurelina». Factor B. Fungicides. Control (treatment of seeds and plants with water), «Maxim Advance 195 FS» (1.25 l/t) (treatment of seeds before sowing), «Vibrance RFC» (1 l/t) (seed treatment before sowing), «Selest top 312.5 FS» (1 l/t) (seed treatment before sowing), «Standak Top» (2 l/t) (seed treatment before sowing), «Abacus» (2 l/ha) (during the growing season), «Maxim Advance 195 FS» (1.25 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha), «Vibrance RFC» (1 l/t) +»Abacus» (2 l/ha), «Selest top 312.5 FS» (1 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha), «Standak Top» (2 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha). The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha. The smallest assimilation surface of crops was in the budding phase – 15.10 and 15.07 thousand m2 /ha. Under the influence of fungicidal protection the leaf surface area of varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» increased by 0.90 and 0.94 thousand m2 /ha in the flowering phase and by 3.11 and 3.46 thousand m2 /ha in the phase of grain formation, compared to control variants. The greatest increase in leaf surface area was noted for the combined use of fungicides «Standak Top» (2 l/t) for pre-sowing seed treatment and «Abacus» (2 l/ha) during the growing season. According to the results of dispersion analysis varietal characteristics (37.7 %) and fungicidal protection (35.4 %) had the greatest influence on the formation of the leaf surface area of soybean plants and the interaction of these factors was 12.3 %. The highest photosynthetic potential of the varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» was on the variants of fungicides application «Standak Top» (2 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha) – 3.09 and 3.16 million m2 × days/ha, «Selest top» (1 l/ t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha) – 3.08 and 3.14 million m2 × days/ha and «Vibrance» (1 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha) – 3.06 and 3.13 million m2 × days/ha. The maximum values of the net productivity of photosynthesis in the varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» were obtained in the budding phase – 3.88–4.16 and 3.89–4.27 g/m2 × day. The use of fungicidal protection provided an increase of this indicator by 0.07–0.28 and 0.06– 0.38 g/m2 × day, compared to the control options. Depending on the accounting periods, the variety «Aurelina» was superior to the variety «Amadea» in leaf surface area by 1.6–3.8 % in photosynthetic potential by 1.2–2.5 % and in net photosynthetic productivity by 0.8–1.7 %. Key words: soybean, varieties, fungicides, crop protection, leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential, net photosynthetic productivity.

Distribution and host range of the citrus flatid planthopper (Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830)) in Kyiv

Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830), the citrus flatid planthopper, has exhibited a rapid spread throughout Ukraine and established its presence in Kyiv since 2016. Despite this, comprehensive data regarding its host range and distribution within the Kyiv region remains scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to inspect the vegetation in various districts of Kyiv to discover distribution and host plants of citrus flatid planthopper. To do this, we inspected the flora in 2021–2023. In 2021, we researched the only two plots located in the Darnytskyi and Holosiivskyi districts of Kyiv, respectively. Vegetation in different locations of the Darnytskyi, Holosiivskyi, and Podilskyi districts of Kyiv was examined in 2022. In 2023, the flora in 23 distinct locations, ensuring coverage of all administrative districts within Kyiv, was surveyed. As a result, the presence of citrus flatid planthopper in all districts of Kyiv was registered. Furthermore, the distribution of M. pruinosa did not encompass the whole area of Kyiv, but only their parts. Hence, it is deduced that the distribution pattern of M. pruinosa in Kyiv is characterized by disjunction. In addition, the study found that in Kyiv, the citrus flatid planthopper damages 55 plant species belonging to 49 genera, 35 families, and 23 orders. However, given the previously known hosts of M. pruinosa in Kyiv, the total host range of citrus flatid planthopper in Kyiv includes at least 130 plant species belonging to 95 genera, 57 families, and 30 orders. Moreover, according to both this and previously known data, the most represented order, family, and genera in host range of M. pruinosa in Kyiv were order Rosales Bercht. & J. Presl, family Rosaceae Juss., genera Acer L. and Prunus L., respectively. Most frequently M. pruinosa damaged Humulus lupulus L., Juglans regia L., and species of the genus Acer L. Further investigation is needed to reveal distribution rate of M. pruinosa in all type of localities in Ukraine, to list host plants within them and to study pest biology in the newly occupied territories. Key words: hop, maple, walnut, Humulus lupulus, Acer, Juglans regia, pest, parasite.

Liquidity of agricultural enterprises in conditions of war

The article is devoted to the generalization of methodological and practical aspects of assessing the liquidity of agrarian enterprises, including the determination of the peculiarities of the condition and ensuring the liquidity of agrarian enterprises of the Kyiv region in conditions of war. The relevance of the study of the liquidity of agricultural enterprises was determined. In 2022, Ukrainian agricultural enterprises were operating in conditions of war, risk, and uncertainty. This was accompanied by military operations on agricultural lands, destruction of agricultural machinery and real estate, disruption of supply chains of raw materials, fertilizers, and sales of agricultural products, involvement of workers in state defense, energy deficit, changes in taxation, etc. The approaches of domestic and foreign scientists regarding the essence of the concepts "liquidity of the enterprise" and "liquidity of the agricultural enterprise" are analyzed. For the purposes of this study and in accordance with generally accepted world interpretations, the authors understand the liquidity of agricultural enterprises as the ability of the enterprise to repay current (shortterm) liabilities at the expense of current assets. For the needs of this study and in accordance with generally accepted world interpretations, the authors understand the liquidity of agricultural enterprises as the ability of the enterprise to repay current liabilities (short-term liabilities) at the expense of current assets. Analytical indicators are chosen to assess the liquidity of agricultural enterprises. These are an absolute indicator (working capital) and three relative indicators (current ratio, quick ratio, cash ratio). The deterioration of the liquidity of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of war was established. On the example of agricultural enterprises of the Kyiv region, a decrease in working capital was determined for a third of the enterprises; 55 % of enterprises reduced current liquidity; 49 % of enterprises reduced quick liquidity; 40 % of enterprises reduced cash liquidity. The correlation analysis did not confirm the existence of a connection between liquidity indicators of agricultural enterprises of the Kyiv region and other indicators of financial condition. This conclusion contradicts the results of research by foreign scientists and foreign experience. Thus, the level of liquidity of agricultural enterprises depends on the internal (corporate) policy of managing current assets and current liabilities of enterprises. Key words: liquidity, cash ratio, quick ratio, current ratio, working capital, agricultural enterprises, war.

Application of remote sensing methods for statistical estimation of organic matter in soils

The availability of reliable information on the physicochemical properties of soils is a necessary tool for maintaining and improving fertility and effective optimization of agricultural land management in many countries. However, ground-based research methods require significant financial and time resources. It has been established that methods based on remote sensing data are an efficient, accurate, and less costly solution for studying different types of soil cover parameters. This work aims to determine the predicted indicator of humus content in soils in selected regions of the Kyiv region (Ukraine) with the corresponding soil types. For this, the spectral properties of chernozem soils were investigated based on Landsat 8 OLI satellite images. A mosaic of the mean spectral reflectance values for the study period (2013-2015) was created using the Google Earth Engine. The vegetation indices NDSI, NDWI, NDBI, MSAVI, and NDVI were used to identify bare soils. Using multiple linear regression, an optimal F-Comparing Nested Model was created for predicting humus content in soils, including seven parameters. The model's accuracy was estimated with such indicators R=0.95, R2= 0.90, σy = 0.16 %. The approach based on the proposed model can be used to support the adoption of the necessary management decisions to improve soil fertility and maintain balanced land use.

ORPHANAGE AS A CENTER OF SOCIAL EDUCATION

The article presents the publication of Pustovoy S. M., the director of the M.-Pustinsky special children's institution of the Kyiv region. The author characterized the organizational work of the pedagogical team of the orphanage to improve the success of pupils. Forms of work with students were analyzed. The educational work in which pupils were involved during the school year is described. It was found that the joint work of kindergarten teachers and school teachers made it possible for educators to organize timely assistance to children in their studies.

Assessment of the applicability of small wind power generation in the Kyiv region

Assessment of the applicability of small wind power generation in the Kyiv region

Дотримання режиму лікування і причини його порушення в дітей, хворих на муковісцидоз

Medical dietary therapy (MDT) is aimed at preventing complications related to both the chronic disease itself and complications that may develop into separate nosological forms as a result of non-compliance with such recommendations. At the same time, adherence to MDT recommendations among children is quite low, despite the adverse consequences of non-adherence to therapy. These difficulties determine the need for additional counseling by behavioral pediatricians and psychologists. Purpose - to study the degree of adherence to dietary recommendations and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) in Kyiv and the Kyiv region, and the impact on anthropometric indicators, length of hospitalization, and the probability of respiratory tract colonization by Ps. aeruginosa. Materials and methods. Interviews were conducted with 17 children with cystic CF aged 5 to 17 years, as well as their parents. Children and parents were asked to fill out the EAT-26 food attitude questionnaire. All interviewed patients were assessed for nutritional status and sputum culture. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the completeness of compliance with the recommendations. Results. According to the general results of the survey, only 47% of all patients are sure that they fully followed the recommendations. Children with CF who did not regularly or substandardly consume specialized food mixtures had a higher percentage of respiratory tract colonization by Ps. aeruginosa, stayed longer in the hospital, and some of them had nutritional disorders. According to the EAT-26 questionnaire and a face-to-face interview, it was established that children with CF form their attitude to eating through the prism of the perception of the diagnosis. The daily “burden of the disease” and the additional responsibilities associated with it are reflected in the patients’ answers. Conclusions. An important component of the work with children with CF is the determination of reduced adherence to diet therapy. EAT-26 testing can be useful for identifying the most significant factors that require correction in a specific child by members of a multidisciplinary team (pediatrician, nutritionist, psychologist). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent of the child’s parents was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Peculiarities of photosynthesis in spelt (Tríticum spélta L.) in the Forest Steppe Zone of Ukraine

Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of the influence of the cultivation technology elements on the course of photosynthetic processes in sowings. Methods. The research was carried out in the years 2019–2022 at the experimental field of the Scientific Research Center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Kyiv region) located in the zone of unstable soil moisture of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Spelt varieties ‘Zoria Ukrainy’, ‘Europe’, and ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ were grown with the application of foliar fertilizer potassium humate HK-17 (400 g/ha) in the earing and milk ripeness stages, and Agriflex Amino growth regulator (200 g/ha) in the earing stage. Results. In the flowering stage, the average leaf area in the experiment was 44.9 thousand m2/ha. In particular, in variety ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ it was 45.3 thousand m2/ha, ‘Europe’ 45.5 thousand m2/ha, and ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ 43.8 thousand m2/ha. A positive effect of foliar application of potassium humate in the earing stage was determined. Potassium humate contributed to an increase in the leaf area in the flowering stage of 2.1 thousand m2/ha, while an increase in the leaf area provided by application of Agriflex Amino in the earing stage was 1.0 thousand m2/ha. In the stage of milky grain ripeness, the average leaf area was 27.1 thousand m2/ha: 27.6 thousand m2/ha in ‘Zoria Ukrainy’, 27.8 thousand m2/ha in ‘Europe’, and 25.9 thousand m2/ha in ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’. The application of potassium humate HK-17 in the earing stage contributed to obtaining a additional leaf area of 0.98 thousand m2/ha and Agriflex Amino of 0.48 thousand m2/ha. At the same time, the application of potassium humate HK-17 in the stage of milk ripeness did not affect the change of this indicator. The highest indicators of net productivity of photosynthesis in variety ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ (1.07–1.08 g/m2 of dry matter per day) were in the treatment with potassium humate HK-17 in the earing stage and repeated in the milk ripeness stage. On the other hand, in ‘Europe' variety, the treatment with potassium humate in the earing stage repeated in the milk ripeness stage in combination with the application of Agriflex Amino growth regulator in the earing stage was 1.17 g/m2 of dry matter per day: it appeared the best treatment. The highest indicators of NPP were in sowings of ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ variety, despite the fact that it had a slightly smaller leaf area. In particular, in the case of application of potassium humate in the earing stage repeated in the milk ripeness stage, the NPP was 1.18 g/m2 of dry matter per day, and for the combination with the application of Agriflex Amino growth stimulator in the earing stage it was 1.21 g/m2 of dry matter per day. Conclusions. The conducted research confirms the expediency of the foliar application of fertilizer potassium humate HK-17 and growth regulator Agriflex Amino in cultivation of spelt, which improves the course of photosynthetic processes in sowings during vegetation and thus provides optimal conditions for the obtaining high crop productivity.

Productivity of oat (Avena sativa L.) as affected by fertilization

Purpose. To identify varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.) by yield in the northern part of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine, establish the efficiency of sulfur in the fertilization system and the specifics of the impact of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur application rates on crop productivity. Methods. Field studies were carried out at the Agronomic Research Station of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv region) in 2021–2023 in typical low-humus chernozem soils according to the scheme of a two-factor experiment: factor A: variety [‘Neptun’ (control), ‘Lehin Nosivskyi’, ‘Svitanok’, ‘Zakat’, ‘Zubr’, ‘Albatros’, and ‘Aivori’]; factor B: fertilization system. According to the scheme of the experiment, the application of NPK) and N8P24K24S9 fertilizers was foreseen. Equalization of the nitrogen dose with the introduction of N8P24K24S9 was carried out by the introduction of ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate was also used for nitrogen fertilization at the microstage BBCH 31–32. Results. The yield of oat varieties on average over three years yielded from 2.28 t/ha in the control option for the cultivation of the ‘Neptun’ variety to 5.54 t/ha for the cultivation of the ‘Aivori’ variety and the introduction of N120P120K120S45 + N30. A yield increase ranged from 0.32 to 2.83 t/ha, depending on fertilizers. Among the seven studied oat varieties, the most productive was the 'Aivori' variety, the yield of which, depending on the year and the fertilization system, varied from 2.38 t/ha in the control version in 2022 to 5.98 t/ha when applying N120P120K120S45 + N30 in 2023. The yield increase on average for the application of N120P120K120S45 + N30 was 2.73 t/ha compared to the control and 0.66 t/ha with the option where an equivalent rate of macronutrients was applied, but without sulfur. All oat varieties show a positive reaction to sulfur by increasing productivity, but its growth varies against the background of different rates of fertilizer application. Yield increases in varieties ‘Zakat’, ‘Zubr’ have a positive correlation dependence on the use of sulfur against the background of increasing rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application. Conclusions. Oat varieties are characterized by a specific reaction; however, all respond positively to increasing rates of fertilizers and the introduction of sulfur into the nutrition system, which increases the resistance of oats to lodging and the level of nitrogen use. The combined introduction of sulfur with macroelements provides a significant increase in yield, which is due to more efficient use of nitrogen by plants. Optimizing nitrogen-sulfur nutrition ensures increased efficiency of mineral fertilizers.

COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SUNFLOWER GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CENTRAL FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The research was conducted to study the comprehensive environmental assessment of sunflower cultivation technologies under different cultivation systems in the conditions of the Сentral Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. So, according to the agrochemical parameters of the soil in the village Luka, Cherkasy region (2.8 points) and in the village Yurkivka, Kyiv region (2.6 points), noted these technologies as normal, in other farms — satisfactory (2.2 points), and in the village Brytavka, Vinnytsia region — unsatisfactory (1.4 points). Sunflower crops were in satisfactory condition according to phytosanitary indicators (1.7–2 points). The threshold of ecological damage of pests and diseases corresponded to unsatisfactory and satisfactory conditions. The species composition and number of weeds were in a normal condition. According to the indicators of productivity and quality, the studied technologies were determined as unsatisfactory (0.5–1.3 points) and satisfactory (2 points). This low environmental condition of cultivation technologies results from the low quality of sunflower seeds: the oil content is unsatisfactory (0 points), ranging from 31.8 to 38.7% with the optimal value of 52%. The results of a comprehensive environmental assessment of sunflower cultivation technologies showed that in order to introduce the technologies into production, it is necessary to improve such technological processes as the use of fertilizers and plant protection products on farms, taking into account weather and climate conditions.

The place of regional anesthesia in vascular surgery: literature review and personal experience

Background. Vascular surgery is a high-risk procedure, and most interventions carry a greater than 5% risk of an acute cardiac event. Direct reconstruction of aorto-iliac-femoral segment is associated with a 2.8% perioperative mortality, whereas extra-anatomic bypass has an 8.8% mortality. Arteriosclerosis obliterans is a growing public health concern affecting 8.5 million people in the United States and 200 million people worldwide. Main goals of preoperative assessment of vascular patients are risk stratification and its potential reduction by safe methods of anesthesia. Aim: to compare regional anesthesia during carotid endarterectomy, abdominal aortic aneurysm resection and repair, repair of the lower limb vessels and lower extremity amputation based on the data of the world literature and the choice of safe methods of anesthesia. Materials and methods. The materials are modern world literature, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, the Cochrane databases and the latest scientific research. Using the comparative method of analysis, the world literature data were compared with the experience of using regional methods of analgesia at the Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital. Conclusions. Given the data presented in the article, it can be considered that regional anesthesia is the optimal method for use as monoanesthesia or in combination with general anesthesia in vascular surgery. The use of these methods of anesthesia by an experienced anesthesiologist can decrease length of stay in the hospital and improve the disease course in this rather complex patient population. The decision to use regional techniques should be made by the patient, surgeon, and anesthesiologist after an individualized discussion of the risk-benefit profile for each patient and type of surgery.

Regional startup ecosystems of Ukraine

The startup ecosystem of each country contains separate elements and reflects the effectiveness of their interaction, which is also reflected in regional ecosystems. The aim of the research is to identify and rank the start-up ecosystems of the regions of Ukraine according to various indicators, distinguish the differences between the ecosystems and determine the main directions of their development, expansion within a separate region. In the research multifactorial comparative analysis in four stages has been used, such as: justification of the indicator system, normalization of the matrix of standardized coefficients, squaring of all elements of the matrix of standardized coefficients and placement of the obtained rating values by rank. The highest level is charac­terized by a sufficient number of supporting elements that help startups find financing options and accelerate market entry processes; the high level has a dynamic ecosystem that helps early-stage startups find support and funding programs; the medium level has a developing ecosystem, and the existing business structure contributes to the development of the startup movement in the region; the low level has the potential for further development and additional initiatives by local authorities and business structures. According to the rating, the highest level was determined in Kyiv region, the high level is found in Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv, Odesa and Kharkiv regions, the average level is found in Donetsk and Zaporizhia regions. Other regions belong to the lower and the lowest levels, which emphasize the promising development of startup ecosystems in the regions. Regions with the highest level can focus on maintaining and expanding their existing ecosystem by providing additional support and funding for startups; with high indicators they can focus on the further development of its dynamic ecosystem, creating more clusters and events to attract startups and investors; medium level regions can consentrate on increasing the number of supporting elements to make it easier for startups to find funding and scale; with a low level regions can focus on conducting competitions, hackathons, involving the IT community for the development of the startup community.

Spinal cord injury as a component of polytrauma in road accident victims

Background. Road traffic injury remains one of the most serious and complex types of human injury both in Ukraine and around the world. The purpose of the research: to determine the location and extent of spinal cord injuries as a component of polytrauma as a result of a road accident. Materials and methods. We formed a study array of 298 victims with spinal cord injuries from the array of road accident victims (1,696 people) who were treated in the emergency medical care hospital of the city of Kyiv, the emergency medical care hospital of the city of Chernivtsi, and three central district hospitals of the Kyiv region in 2020–2021. Formation of the research array was carried out by the method of irreversible randomization using the technology of random numbers. The selection criterion for inclusion in the study was the presence of spinal cord injury in road accident victims. At the same time, verification of the nature of the damage was determined at this stage of the study only by clinical and anatomical features, namely, the cervical spine, the thoracic spine and the lumbar spine. Results. It was established that 87.25 % receive damage to one part of the spine. Damage to all parts of the spine in road accidents occurs in 1.68 %. Among the combination of injuries of the spine, the combination of injuries of the thoracic and lumbar parts has the largest specific weight. Spinal cord injury occurs most often in drivers 37.05 %, the least common in pedestrians 30.82 %. According to the NISS, 51.02 % of victims receive a mild spinal cord injury, 39.99 % of victims receive a severe spinal cord injury. In victims with a severity of 25 points, damage to the cervical spine has the largest specific weight of 40.29 %, the smallest is the thoracic section of 28.70 %. In drivers and passengers, the cervical spine is most often damaged, 53.85 and 48.91 %, respectively. In pedestrians, the lumbar spine is most often injured, 47.19 %. The coefficient of combination of damage to several sections of the spine at the same time for drivers and passengers is 1.14, and for pedestrians — 1.6. Conclusions. Spine injuries occur in 17.98 % of victims of traffic accidents. Most often, the cervical spine is damaged in 46.64 %, thoracic — in 32.55 %, and lumbar — in 35.23 % of those injured as a result of traffic accidents.

The influence of illumination regimes on the structure of ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) community composition in urban habitats

The reliance on visual cues can vary among ant species living in different habitats, and is mostly influenced by the level of ambient illumination and the morphological adaptations of ant species that can determine their period of daily activity. Thus, different illumination regimes might affect ant community composition in habitats with different ambient illumination intensities. Despite this, in the literature, information is scarce about the effects of ambient illumination on ant activity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ambient illumination intensity on the activity of ant species and their community composition under herbaceous and woody plants in 24 localities from Kyiv and Kyiv region, Ukraine. Our results showed that the ambient illumination properties of the habitat type affect the presence of ant species and the activity of their workers. In open habitats, the maximum ambient illumination had a negative effect, whereas in closed, woody habitats the maximum ambient illumination and tree circumference generally had a positive effect on the number of non-dendrobiotic ant individuals found on individual plants. The dendrobiotic species were less affected by the maximum illumination intensity. Although, in closed habitats, the effect of the previous variables and their interaction had species-specific aspects. Based on the former, we can tell that more structured forest habitats can provide broader illumination intensity ranges, allowing more ant species to coexist. However, similar illumination intensity ranges can lead to overlaps in the activity of ant species under the same illumination conditions, especially in open habitats. The outcomes of these interactions are highly influenced by larger trees that besides lowering illumination intensities, can enhance ant worker activity and promote species coexistence.