Baghdad Region Research Articles

Study the Relation between the Incidence of Giardiasis and Some Epidemiological Factors in Some Regions of Baghdad City

In this work, the incidence of giardiasis was investigated in some regions of Baghdad. Different factors were studied such as age, gender, personal hygiene and eating habits, in order to find its correlation with the prevalence of giardiasis. The study was carried out during the period of April 2014 till March 2015. During this period a total of 375 samples have been examined. The total rate of infection was 68/375 (18.13%. The most frequent noticed clinical symptoms in giardiasis cases are abdominal pain 60.97%, diarrhea 41.46% and fever 35%. For the studied factors, each of the age, personal hygiene and eating habits showed a relation with the incidence of giardiasis.

Impact of Some Heavy Metals and BPA Resulting from Terrorist Operations in Three Regions of Baghdad, Iraq on Serotonin

In this paper the effect of terrorist operations in three regions of Baghdad, Iraq were studied on serotonin hormones, in 75 Iraqi individual from (AL-karradah and Abo-Gharib) regions as comparison with Al-jadria as (a control). The correlation between sera serotonin and the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and bisphenol-A(BPA) have been selected for study, relation of heavy metals, BPA and monoamine neurotransmitter frameworks has been recommended as a potential underline component of action. The serotonin framework has been moderately ignored, along these lines; the objective of this article is to audit the writing on the connection between heavy metals, BPA and the serotonin. Our examination proposes a positive ‎correlation between serotonin and the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and BPA. In conclusion, that serotonin levels in the area of (Al-karadah, Abo-Gharib) pollutants areas were high as compared with the control (Al-jadria) as the lowest percentage of pollution. Thus considerable further investigation will be necessary to understand the role of serotonin in the pathogenesis and high levels in the some regions in Iraq such as AL-karradah and Abo-Gharib.

The Consequences of PCBs and BPA Resulting from Terrorist Operations in Three Regions of Baghdad on Thyroid Function

Persistent organic pollutants polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and bisphenol-A (BPA) are widely known of being toxicants. Exposure to a variety of dangerous toxic effects has been attached in all humans .in this paper the effect of terrorist operation on thyroid gland functions in a sample of Iraqi individual (AL-karradah and Abo-Gharib) comparison with Al-jadria rejoin as (control). The correlation between sera thyroid hormones thyroxine T4, triiodothyronine T3, Thyrotropin TSH and the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and bisphenol-A (BPA) have been measured. 75 volunteers from three Iraqi areas were included in this study‎. Their ages ranged between (15-65) years. Our examination proposes an inverse relationship between BPA presentation and thyroid hormones. In this manner, increased persistent organic pollutants exposure might be a factor in the causes of hypothyroidism ‎and thyroid gland function. The result of this study showed that the effect of persistent organic pollutants polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and bisphenol-A (BPA) on thyroid hormones, and the effect of military and terrorist operations on the thyroid gland. In the end we concluded that persistent organic pollutants resulting from the explosions and terrorist operations in the area of (Al-karadah, Abo-Gharib) high compared with the control (Al-jadria) as the lowest percentage of pollution, this leads to many diseases on the health of the human body and also the effect of persistent organic pollutants on the thyroid gland and its negative effect on thyroid hormones and cause thyroid disease.

Intrinsic vulnerability assessment for the Quaternary aquifer in Baghdad area using DRASTIC model

The assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution considered an effective tool in managed water resources especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The main objective of this study is to appraise the vulnerability for the Quaternary aquifer in Baghdad region, by using DRASTIC model and GIS for both the standard and pesticide conditions to evaluate the most sensitive and effective areas to pollution. The vulnerability index map for the standard and pesticide conditions shows three classes of very low, low, and moderate and low, moderate, and high classes, respectively, where the DRASTIC pesticide index ratio represents 33% more than the DRASTIC standard index. The results showed that the most vulnerable areas of the standard condition were constructed in two regions, the North West part and the second area that represented in the middle part of the study area, besides the high pesticide vulnerable index with 48% of the study area at the same parts. Topography, soil media, and water depth are the main factors that affect the groundwater contamination of the Quaternary aquifer and make it more susceptible to pollution; therefore, it is necessary to maintain these susceptible areas from agricultural results, seepage, and effluent from the residual wastes which spilt from the uncontrolled industries distributed in the area.

The Consequences of Terrorist and Military Operations in Three Regions of Baghdad, Iraq on Serotonin and Thyroid Function

In this paper the effect of terrorist and military operations in three regions of Baghdad, Iraq were studied on thyroid gland function and serotonin hormones, in 75 Iraqi individual from (AL-karradah and Abo-Gharib) regions as comparison with Al-jadria (control). The correlation between sera thyroid hormones thyroxine T4, triiodothyronine T3, thyrotropin TSH and serotonin have been indicated‎, the utilization of thyroid hormones as a compelling subordinate treatment for full of feeling issue has been contemplated in the course of recent decades and has been adjusted more than once. Communication of the thyroid and monoamine neurotransmitter frameworks has been recommended as a potential underline component of action. The serotonin framework has been moderately ignored, along these lines; the objective of this article is to audit the writing on the connection between thyroid hormones and the mind serotonin. Our examination proposes a negatively relationship between serotonin and thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH), a positive ‎correlation between serotonin and thyroxine‎, while there were significant positive correlations between serotonin and triiodothyronine. In conclusion, there is powerful confirmation, that the thyroid economy has a balancing sway in the brain serotonin system, thus considerable further investigation will be necessary to understand the role of serotonin in the pathogenesis and high levels in the some regions in Iraq such as AL-karradah and Abo-Gharib.

The Consequences of Heavy Metals Resulting from Terrorist Operations in Three Regions of Baghdad, Iraq on Thyroid Function

The heavy metals mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are widely known of being toxicants. exposure to a variety of dangerous toxic effects has been attached in all humans.in this paper the effect of terrorist operation on thyroid gland functions in a sample of Iraqi individual (Al-karradah and Abo-Gharib) comparison with Al-jadria rejoin as (control). the correlation between sera thyroid hormones thyroxine T4, triiodothyronine T3, Thyrotropin TSH and Thyroglobulin-Ab (Tg-Ab) and the levels-of lead, cadmium, also mercury have-been measured. 75 volunteers from three Iraqi areas were included in this study‎. our examination proposes an inverse relationship between Hg presentation and thyroid hormones, a positive ‎correlation between Cd exposure and thyroid hormones‎, but the associations with Pb was negative. there were significant positive correlations between the heavy metals themselves. In this manner, increased heavy metals exposure might be a factor in the etiology of hypothyroidism diseases ‎and thyroid gland function. the result of this study showed that the effect of heavy metals (blood serum Hg, blood serum Pb, blood serum Cd) on thyroid hormones, and the effect of military and terrorist operations on the thyroid gland. In the end we concluded that the heavy elements resulting from the explosions and terrorist operations in the area of (Al-karadah, Abo-Gharib) high compared with the control (Al-jadria), this leads to many diseases on the health of the human body and also the effect of heavy elements on the thyroid gland and its negative effect on thyroid hormones and cause thyroid disease

Detection of acquired resistance genes for vancomycin in local isolates Escherichia coli and its relationship with other resistance models

This study included the collection of 374 samples (distributed according to the source of collection ) as clinical samples (urine, wounds, burns, feces) from Ibn – Al – Baladi childbirth Hospital, AL- Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and Imam Ali Hospital in Baghdad, from both genders of different ages. As well as environmental samples (Tigris river water in Baghdad and soil samples) were collected from Baghdad region at the same period. The bacterial isolation and identification were conducted on a total of 77 isolates of Escherichia coli (20.58%) after their testing on culture media , microscopic examination with the biochemical tests by using Api – 20 E and VITEK2. The results of sensitivity test against vancomycin showed that 73 isolates of Escherichia coli resistant (94.18%) and 4 isolates with intermediate resistance (5.19%) were performed on Muller-Hanton agar using disk diffusion method . Chromosomal and plasmid DNA were extracted for 31 isolates in a molecular techniques for precise identification. Molecular detection was achieved for all isolates ( of various pathogens ) by using a specific 16SrRNA gene . Owing to the resistance and sensitivity results obtained with the method diagnosis,29 clinical and 2 environmental samples were selected for detection and molecular study . This molecular study detected the vancomycin resistance genes of Enterobacteriaceae in Iraq for the first time . Both chromosomal and plasmid DNA were used in PCR technique to diagnose the Vancomycin resistance genes by using specific primers (VanA,VanB,VanC) . Results of the electrophoresis on agarose gel cleared that all isolated Escherichia coli possessed resistance gene on their plasmid DNA or chromosomal DNA or on both of them with variable ratios .

English

The ciliate species isolated from midgut and hindgut of Rough-tailed gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum (Heyden, 1827), identified as Nyctotherus hardwickii was collected from many regions of Baghdad, Iraq. The current study deals with a description and comparison of the morphology and morphometric characters of this species for the first time in Iraq.

The Antimicrobial Activity of Carissa carandas L., Ficus carica L., and Olea europaeae L. Leaves Extracts on Growth of some Pathogenic Microorganisms

Plant extracts were approved to heal many diseases, so three medicinal plants namely Carissa carandas L., Ficus carica L. and Olea europaeae L. were collected from different regions of Baghdad, in which their ethanolic crude extracts of leaves were assayed for antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms such as: Gram-negative bacteria (Escherisha coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fungi (Penicillium species). Antimicrobial activity was conducted by the agar well diffusion method. The plant leaves extracts showed various levels of antimicrobial activity on different test microorganism, Gram negative bacteria, S. aureus and yeast were sensitive to the leaves extracts of the three plants, while B. subtilis and the fungus showed a moderate sensitivity against the leaves extracts of the three plants. The crude leaves extract of Ficus carica L. showed higher effect than the other two plants against pathogenic microorganisms.

Epidemiological and Molecular study for Malta Fever

The objective of study was diagnosis of some Brucella spp. from human suspects and infection patients via methods of serology (Rose Bengal test) and culture. The PCR assay was investigated as a potential role in detection of some Brucella. Blood samples was used to detection common species like: Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus from sick persons whom were suspected to be infected with brucellosis.
 Blood and serum tests were gotten from individuals whom were suspected of contamination with brucellosis, alluded to numerous doctor's facilities in various city of Baghdad (Karkh and Rusafa parts), which include: (General doctor's facility Mohammad Baqir Al-Hakim, Al-Shaheed Al-Sadder clinic, Al-Imam Ali (rest in peace) doctor's facility), and access to insights and maps in all Iraq areas from Ministry of Health/Communicable Disease Control Center, within the time period of the research that lasted from (March to December of the year 2014) . 
 A sum of 117 fringe blood tests was acquired from sick persons about whom there were suspects of contamination with brucellosis. The analysis of brucellosis was affirmed by clinical discoveries by utilizing exams of serological nature such as: Rose Bengal test, culture and Gram recoloring and distinctive biochemical exams. To build up a PCR system for conclusion of brucellosis, DNA extraction was done through utilizing a business pack, followed by PCR amplification by using two sets of primers: B4/B5 and IS711 B.melitensis and B.abortus. 
 The results were obtained as 70 (59.82%) specimens as affirmative outcome by RBT and 59 (50.42%) specimens were affirmative outcome by culture from the blood of sick persons. Once the PCR method had been used to blood specimens as, 30 (25.64) cases positive for Brucella species, and 20 (17.09 %) were positive for Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus.
 These outcomes demonstrate that sick persons were in contact with creature of domesticated animals that contaminated or associated disease with Brucella like: sheep, goat, cow and bison situated in epidemiological locales in Iraq ,particularly in Baghdad region over the research time frame and indicated that blood culture technique is vital for the discovery of brucellosis in contrast with serological strategies (Rose Bengal test) for the analysis of brucellosis. The PCR strategy is prescribed as an other option to culture for the analysis of brucellosis, so PCR method gives quick finding of brucellosis, which is important to begin the process of curing of a particular sick person.

Isolation Cellulolytic Fungi from Plants and Animals Wastesin Iraq

134 samples of plants and animals wastes were taken from three different regions outside Baghdad and three different regions in Baghdad. 24 cellulolytic isolates fungi AO, C1, TH1, AN1, R1, TV, PG, AF, B1, L1, AP, TH, AP1, AN3, AO2, A, A1, C, F, AO1, C2, F1, CL and AP2 independent were chosen out of 48 selected fungi. The best optimal conditions for growth were 30ºC and pH 7. The isolates were identified and screened according to the colony diameter, biomass and density of spores in addition of capability to produce the hydrolytic enzymes for cellulose.

Isolation Cellulolytic Fungi from Plants and Animals Wastesin Iraq

134 samples of plants and animals wastes were taken from three different regions outside Baghdad and three different regions in Baghdad. 24 cellulolytic isolates fungi AO, C1, TH1, AN1, R1, TV, PG, AF, B1, L1, AP, TH, AP1, AN3, AO2, A, A1, C, F, AO1, C2, F1, CL and AP2 independent were chosen out of 48 selected fungi. The best optimal conditions for growth were 30ºC and pH 7. The isolates were identified and screened according to the colony diameter, biomass and density of spores in addition of capability to produce the hydrolytic enzymes for cellulose.

Prevalence of Balantidium coli in cattle and cattle breeders in some regions of Baghdad in Iraq

A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Balantidium coli infection in cattle and their breeders and related risk factors including the gender, age and region. A total of 200 cattle faecal samples were collected from different ages, sexes and regions of Baghdad (Hor-rageb, Abu Ghraib, AL-Jaderiya, AL-Makaseb, AL-Dowanem and AL-Hamdaniaa) and 88 breeder faecal samples from AL-Makaseb, AL-Dowanem and AL-Hamdaniaa during the period from November 2014 to May 2015. The results showed that the prevalence of Balantidium coli were 29.50% and 9.09% in cattle and their breeders, respectively. The association between infection and all studied factors was not significant except between infection and regions in cattle which were significant (P<0.01). Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that cattle are highly susceptible to balantidiasis irrespective of sex and age.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 30-34

EVALUATION OF THE CELLULYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRODUCING OF BIOETHANOL

The number of fungal isolated in this research were 48 fungal isolates that isolated from plant, agricultural and animal waste from three different regions outside Baghdad, and three different regions in Baghdad, screening 24 cellulolytic isolates fungi, which were obtained 8 isolated fungi Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichoderma harzanium, Trichoderma viride, Chladosporium ssp, Alternaria ssp, mycelia asterilia (1), Metarhizium spp and mycelia asterilia (2). Capable of producing bio-alcohol with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation without using the yeasts in fermentation methods isolates which recorded the following; 13.547, 10.511, 8.298, 7.951, 6.668, 6.597, 2.455 and 1.256 ppm. respectively. The best optimal conditions for growth were 30ºC and pH 7.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminthes and Protozoa among Stray Dogs in Baghdad

The aim of this study is to identify the gastrointestinal parasites and Protozoa in stray dogs. The current study include seven genera of intestinal helminthes and protozoa as follows: one cestode (Taenia sp. 29.1%), four nematode (Hookworm 86.6%, Toxocara canis 67.5%, Trichuris vulpis 51.6% and Stongyloides sp. 5%) and two protozoa (Gairdia sp. 24.1% and Cryptosporidium sp. 20.8%) from 120 fecal samples of dogs were collected from different regions of Baghdad during the period from February to July 2014.The results revealed that the intestinal parasites appeared in all months of study; however, the high rates of infection was during winter months.

Zemin Sıkışma İndeksi için Korelasyonların Geliştirilmesi

Compression index is one of the most important properties of soils widely used for estimation of settlement during design of foundations. In particular, for routine test requirements, limited laboratory facilities and preliminary evaluations, various equations are available in the literature to simply estimate the compression index using some soil index properties. However, applicability of these equations is often limited for the interested site due to their establishment from different databases. Thus, it is more realistic way to employ the correlations developed using local data of region, provided that data is available. In this viewpoint, this paper aims to develop correlations for the compression index dependent upon the soil index parameters of natural moisture content, liquid limit and initial void ratio for fine‐grained soil of Baghdad city. From the developed correlations, it is obtained that the best estimations of compression index is correlated by liquid limit as single variable, and by liquid limit and initial void ratio as double variable. It is clear that use of the developed correlations is more suitable specifically for Baghdad region for preliminary evaluations of foundation settlement

Ecological factors affecting the distribution of the zooplankton community in the Tigris River at Baghdad region, Iraq

Biodiversity of zooplankton in the Tigris River running in Baghdad City, central Iraq, was investigated. Fourteen physical and chemical parameters, were analyzed, these parameters include water and air temperature, pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, DO, BOD5, total hardness, Ca+2, Mg+2, chloride, nitrate and reactive phosphate. Most of these values were within of the Iraqi and international standard limits. In all, 106 taxonomy units of zooplankton were identified, including 65 taxa belonging to rotifers, 25 taxa to copepod and 16 taxa to Cladocera. Values of species richness index of rotifers varied from 1.051 to 12.98, for Cladocera from 1.285 to 3.41 and for copepod from 1.5 to 7.2. The Shannon–Weiner index of Rotifera varied from 0.67 to 3, 0.50–1.72 for Cladocera and from 0.91 to 2.51 for Copepoda. The uniformity index of zooplankton varied from 0.41 to 0.93 for rotifer, 0.33–1 for Cladocera and 0.36–1 for Copepoda. According to statistical analysis, temperature, EC, TDS and dissolved oxygen were observed as major factors which restrict the abundance and diversity of the zooplankton communities in the Tigris River.

Effect of Material Used in Concrete Mixture on the Foundation Stresses on Soil

Sustainable design, green architecture and sustainable construction are new methods for design and construction that are employed for environmental and economic challenges. Clay and bricks proved as sustainable building materials. In this paper, crush brick in the concrete mixture instead of normal coarse aggregate will be used. STAAD Prov8i software was applied for the designed of a hypothetical building in different sites of the three locations in Iraq (Mosul at the north, Baghdad at the center and Basrah at the south). The input model data used in the software were depending on the field and laboratory tests done for twenty three sites in the three locations of Iraq. Concrete properties values were used in the software for concrete mixture with crushed bricks. The results values of base pressure obtained from the software were low for the three locations. The maximum values of base pressure under the foundation for both the average and the minimum bearing capacity values for Mosul region for the normal strength concrete and air-entrained were (94, 84) kPa and (91, 82) kPa respectively, for Baghdad region were (89, 82) kPa and (86, 81) kPa respectively. Finally, for Basrah, the results for the base pressure were (84, 77) kPa and (82, 76) kPa, respectively. The results values of the base pressure were less for all locations compared with the base pressure values obtained from a previous work for the same locations. The use of crushed brick as aggregate in the concrete mixture is economical due to its availability as local material and it is durable materials with low weight.

Effect of Bearing Capacity on Designing Foundations in Iraq Using STAAD Pro-v8i

Most of Iraqi soil is classified as Quaternary deposits, especially in the Mesopotamian plain and tributaries of the River Tigris. Soil varies from north to south of Iraq. These differences in soil affected the process to select the suitable type of foundation. This research is to study the effect of bearing capacity on shallow foundations in different regions of Iraq. Seventy nine samples were collected from 23 boreholes at three different locations (Mosul at the North, Baghdad at the middle and Basrah at the south of Iraq). The samples were collected at varying depth between 1 to 24 m. They were subjected to the following testes: Atterberg limits, sieve and hydrometers, consolidation, direct shear, unconfined compression and the filed (SPT test). The values of the bearing capacity parameters ( and c) were obtained from the above tests. The results obtained were used in the application of the general equation of the bearing capacity. Then, the model of a building was designed (two floors, with mat foundation type) using STAAD Pro software. The average values of bearing capacity in each region were applied in the program (Mosul = 177 KPa, Baghdad = 125 KPa and Basrah = 84 KPa). In addition, the worst bearing capacity values were also used for the three regions (Mosul = 77 KPa, Baghdad = 68 KPa and Basrah = 24 KPa). The results obtained from the average and worst bearing capacity indicated that for Mosul, we could use shallow foundation (spread and mat used if there was basement) for different areas and for buildings with many stories. For Baghdad region, shallow foundation was more suitable for building not higher than five stories. Finally, for Basrah region, shallow foundations were an appropriate selection, but for most areas deep foundation was the right choice.

Survey study of intestinal parasites on Fresh vegetables collected from some Baghdad Sales and its role in human infection

Fresh vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet. The consumption of raw vegetables without cooking or good washing can be a major rout of transmission to the parasitic infection. The goal of this study was to determine the intestinal parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables from vegetables sales markets in Baghdad province during the different above months of the year. A total of 303 samples of different vegetables were randomly selected from three wholesale markets distributed through different regions in Baghdad (East, West and South) and then were examined by a floatation method. The present study showed that the collected vegetables were contaminated with 12 species of intestinal parasites, and the total percentage of contamination was 161 (53.1%) . ZnSo4 solution showed the highest percentage of contaminated vegetables (31.2%) while sucrose showed the lowest percentage (8.9%).