Herbal teas prepared from selected Achillea (Asteraeceae) species are used in traditional Turkish medicine as diuretic, emmenagogue (menstrual flow stimulant), aid in wound healing, treatments for abdominal pain, and used to counteract diarrhea and flatulence [1]. Achillea biebersteinii is locally known as “Ayvadana, Sari civanpercemi” in Turkey. The aerial parts of five Achillea biebersteinii accessions were collected from different locations in Central Turkey to study the essential oil composition and their genetic fingerprinting. Hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS techniques. Essential oils from plants obtained from Konya region were rich in 34–37% 1,8-cineole and oil from plants obtained from the Ankara region contained 27% p-cymene as the major constituent. Achillea oils were also evaluated for their antimalarial, antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Detailed chemical profile will be presented in this study. An increasing application of DNA fingerprinting is the use of marker assisted breeding and authentication/identification of (plant) species used in pharmacology or in commercial available food products. In this study we also describe the construction of a genomic library from Achillea biebersteinii enriched for Short Single Repeat (SSR) microsatellite loci. We have isolated several hundred clones with distinct SSRs fragments and designed oligonucleotides based on the identified sequence. The effectiveness of genetic markers as possible methods in determining specific chemotypes and authentication of plant species from Turkey and USA was evaluated and discussed in this study.