Depth Of Region Research Articles

Fatigue properties of non-press-fitted part of full-scale induction-hardened axles of medium-carbon steel for high-speed railway vehicles

This study aimed to examine the stress–number of cycles (S–N) curve and fatigue limit of non-press-fitted parts to improve the sophistication of the design method of induction-hardened axles for medium-carbon steel high-speed railway cars. Macroscopic cracks were generated in the non-press-fitted parts of the axles by selecting appropriate fatigue test methods. Thus, the S–N curve was approximated, and the fatigue limit was obtained. The value of an index in the power-law expression of the S–N curve was 11, which was proposed to fatigue damage evaluation standard. Moreover, we constructed a prediction model for high-and very-high-cycle fatigue limits based on the local fatigue-limit approach and fatigue test results of cut-out specimens from several depth regions of induction-hardened axles. The fatigue limit predicted by the model agrees with the experimental high-cycle fatigue limit. The model estimated that the fatigue limit did not decrease in the very-high-cycle regime.

Compressible ocean waves generated by sudden seabed rise near a step-type topography

A typical tsunami generation occurs through submarine earthquakes leading to large volume displacement. The corresponding mathematical problem involves modeling surface water waves generated by an arbitrary temporal motion of the ocean floor. The propagation of tsunami wave and the subsequent scattering from a sudden drop in bathymetry away from the ground motion is studied following linearized water wave theory and a weakly compressible ocean, including static oceanic background compression. The Fourier transformation and eigenfunction expansion techniques are employed to find the surface displacement and pressure profiles by leveraging appropriate matching conditions between regions of different depths. A novel energy balance relationship is derived by considering both the pure-gravity and acoustic-gravity modes. The model is validated in the limit that the depth difference approaches zero, showing a vanishing reflection contribution from the depth change. An efficient numerical code is developed that accurately captures the contribution of the cutoff frequencies of acoustic-gravity modes. Apart from the time-domain propagation of tsunami waves away from the origin, standing wave formations are observed within the shallow region, supported by significantly large pressure fluctuations in time. These standing waves or, equivalently, the pressure fluctuations sustain longer for larger ocean depth. The increase in tsunami speed in the deeper region is readily visible in the time-domain simulations. A three-dimensional axisymmetric solution is also developed, and results show a more gradual sloping tsunami wavefront compared to the equivalent two-dimensional solution for shallower depths. Animation movies corresponding to the two- and three-dimensional surface profiles are provided for better visualization.

Quantitative analysis of deformation characteristics and corrosion properties of high energy laser shock peened Ni-based superalloy

This study examines the influence of high-energy laser shock peening (LSP) using 7 J and 10 J pulse energies on the sub-surface deformation characteristics of Inconel 718 superalloy. High-magnitude compressive residual stresses were induced into the samples after LSP with large residual stress depths of the order of 2 mm – the experimental observations were in good agreement with finite element analyses of the LSP process. The propagation of intense shock waves led to an increased strain hardening and dislocation densities that were experimentally quantified by synchrotron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Microscopic analyses revealed highly refined grain structure only at the surface without much refinement observed in the residual depth region. Alongside high degree of strain hardening, a profuse amount of adiabatic shear bands was observed in the hardened depth, indicative of simultaneous strain localisation under such high laser pulse energy. These bands occurred along common slip planes in the Ni γ-matrix and could be potential areas of instability leading to failure. The LSP-treated samples exhibited improved corrosion resistance, with higher laser pulse energy peened samples performing better.

Diversity patterns and ecological assembly mechanisms of bacterial communities in the northeastern Indian Ocean epipelagic waters during the northeast monsoon

Disentangling microbial community diversity patterns and assembly mechanisms is critical for understanding ecological processes and evaluating biogeochemical cycling in ecosystems. However, the diversity patterns and assembly mechanism of the microbial communities in the epipelagic waters in the northeastern Indian Ocean (NEIO) on the spatial scale are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the spatial dynamics, geographic distribution pattern, and assembly process of the bacterial community using 532 samples collected from the epipelagic waters in the NEIO during the northeast monsoon. The results indicate that the bacterial richness and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity exhibited the strongest correlations with depth compared to the latitudinal and longitudinal scales. The dissolved oxygen was identified as the most important environmental factor affecting the bacterial richness and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity compared to temperature and salinity. The distance–decay relationship (DDR) of the bacterial community strengthened with increasing water depth. Turnover was the predominant β-diversity component influencing the spatial changes in the whole bacterial community. The dispersal limitation of the stochastic process and homogeneous selection of the deterministic process governed the bacterial ecological assembly process of the whole bacterial community. Abundant and rare subcommunities differed in terms of the niche breath, composition changes. The abundant subcommunities exhibited a much wider niche breath than the rare subcommunities. Regarding the abundant subcommunity species changes, the contributions of the turnover and nestedness varied with the water depth and oceanic region. In contrast, turnover was the major β-diversity component regarding the changes in the rare species. These data improve our understanding of the ecological processes of bacterial community assemblages in the NEIO.

Foreground bias: Semantic consistency effects modulated when searching across depth.

When processing visual scenes, we tend to prioritize information in the foreground, often at the expense of background information. The foreground bias has been supported by data demonstrating that there are more fixations to foreground, and faster and more accurate detection of targets embedded in foreground. However, it is also known that semantic consistency is associated with more efficient search. Here, we examined whether semantic context interacts with foreground prioritization, either amplifying or mitigating the effect of target semantic consistency. For each scene, targets were placed in the foreground or background and were either semantically consistent or inconsistent with the context of immediately surrounding depth region. Results indicated faster response times (RTs) for foreground and semantically consistent targets, replicating established effects. More importantly, we found the magnitude of the semantic consistency effect was significantly smaller in the foreground than background region. To examine the robustness of this effect, in Experiment 2, we strengthened the reliability of semantics by increasing the proportion of targets consistent with the scene region to 80%. We found the overall results pattern to replicate the incongruous effect of semantic consistency across depth observed in Experiment 1. This suggests foreground bias modulates the effects of semantics so that performance is less impacted in near space.

Revolutionizing Cow Welfare Monitoring: A Novel Top-View Perspective with Depth Camera-Based Lameness Classification.

This study innovates livestock health management, utilizing a top-view depth camera for accurate cow lameness detection, classification, and precise segmentation through integration with a 3D depth camera and deep learning, distinguishing it from 2D systems. It underscores the importance of early lameness detection in cattle and focuses on extracting depth data from the cow's body, with a specific emphasis on the back region's maximum value. Precise cow detection and tracking are achieved through the Detectron2 framework and Intersection Over Union (IOU) techniques. Across a three-day testing period, with observations conducted twice daily with varying cow populations (ranging from 56 to 64 cows per day), the study consistently achieves an impressive average detection accuracy of 99.94%. Tracking accuracy remains at 99.92% over the same observation period. Subsequently, the research extracts the cow's depth region using binary mask images derived from detection results and original depth images. Feature extraction generates a feature vector based on maximum height measurements from the cow's backbone area. This feature vector is utilized for classification, evaluating three classifiers: Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Decision Tree (DT). The study highlights the potential of top-view depth video cameras for accurate cow lameness detection and classification, with significant implications for livestock health management.

Evolution of Au nanoparticles in c-plane GaN under the heavy ion implantation and their optical properties

The modification of GaN with Au nanoparticles is a promising way for manipulating optical properties in optoelectronics and enhancing the sensitivity of GaN-based substrates used in Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Ion implantation is an attractive method for the preparation of high-purity metal nanoparticles on the surface or within the bulk of solids, although this process in crystals is not yet fully understood. Here we study the specific stages of Au nanoparticle formation in c-plane GaN crystals implanted with 1.85 MeV Au ions to the fluence range of 1.5×1016 - 7×1016 cm−2. The implanted samples were annealed at 800 °C in an ammonia atmosphere for 20 minutes to support the nucleation of Au nanoparticles and prevent surface decomposition. The structural and optical properties of the samples were investigated by a combination of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy in channeling mode (RBS-C), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The two damaged regions, namely at the depth and at the surface, were identified. The depth region exhibits saturation of damage, unlike the surface region reaching an amorphous state for the highest implantation fluence. RBS-C revealed multimodal Au depth profiles for higher ion fluences, which were subsequently redistributed after thermal annealing due to the formation of Au nanoparticles, as confirmed by TEM. Au nanoparticles with fcc structure have been successfully synthesized with the Au-ion implantation fluence of 5×1016 cm−2 with the sizes mostly of 4 – 20 nm resulting in increased optical scattering and absorption within the spectral range of 500 – 700 nm associated with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and the emergence of blue (2.8 eV) and red (2 eV) photoluminescence bands linked to the combined effect of SPR and implantation-induced defects.

Microstructure evolution of γ-Al2O3/FeAl tritium permeation barrier coatings under 6.4 MeV Fe3+ ion irradiation

γ-Al2O3/FeAl coatings for tritium permeation barrier (TPB) application in fusion reactors were fabricated via electro-chemical deposition and selective oxidation. The TPB coatings consisted of a γ-Al2O3 scale (200 nm), an upper interlayer of FeAl (20 μm) and a lower interlayer of Fe3Al (10 μm). Their potential in-reactor performance was investigated based on 6.4 MeV Fe3+ ion irradiations at 400 °C, up to ion fluences of 1.0 × 1019 ions·m−2 and 1.0 × 1020 ions·m−2, at depth regions entailing the oxide scale and the top interlayer. Combined grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed the overall phase stability and grain structure stability in γ-Al2O3/FeAl coatings after irradiation. Cavities dominated the damage microstructure for both γ-Al2O3 and FeAl phases, but were not observed at the sub-layer interfaces. The underlying mechanisms for defect production were discussed. Finally, a brief comparison between heavy-ion and fission neutron damage effects in Al2O3-based TPB coatings is made, aiming to bring new insights on the coating integrity and performance reliability during fusion reactor operation.

Tunable superluminal propagation at spectral hole-burning regions in magneto-optical atomic medium

In the context of spectral hole-burning, normal dispersion with subluminal propagation is usually observed in the spectral hole-burning depth region. However, anomalous dispersion can occur in the continuous absorption peak region, which leads to superluminal light propagation. In this paper, we report an unusual behavior of dispersion at discontinued absorption kink regions. We demonstrate both normal dispersion at the kink absorption region and anomalous dispersion at the spectral hole-burning depth region. The unusual dispersion leads to a positive group index in the absorption kink region and a negative group index in the spectral hole-burning depth region. The spectral hole-burning is due to variation of magnetization rather than the molecular distribution. The outcomes of our work offer promising applications in communication technologies and storage devices.

Effect of depth-absorbed dose distribution on the flexural modulus of carbon fiber–reinforced plastics in a radiation environment in radio-astronomical satellite orbit

Carbon fiber–reinforced polymers (CFRP) are used as structural materials for spacecraft due to their excellent physical properties. However, exposure in space to environmental factors, such as radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and thermal cycling, would alter these properties. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety and reliability of the spacecraft and the feasibility of the mission, it is necessary to evaluate the material’s space-environment resistance.The space environment consists of various types of energy and radiation, resulting in a non-uniform depth-absorbed dose distribution. This means that the absorbed dose is significantly higher at the surface of the material and lower with depth. However, reproducing this distribution in a ground-based test facility that typically uses a single energy irradiation is challenging. To overcome this challenge in ground-based testing, it is recommended that multiple radiation types and energies be irradiated to simulate the depth-absorbed dose distribution in a real space environment. However, there is a lack of understanding about the agreement between the depth-absorbed dose distribution obtained in real space environments and in ground-simulated tests. Additionally, the degree to which each depth region of the absorbed dose distribution affects material degradation is unknown. Hence, a faithful reproduction of the depth-absorbed dose distribution in a real space environment requires not only massive test facilities with significant financial investment but also a significant amount of time spent on irradiating those materials containing radiation that have practically no effect on material degradation.This study focused on analyzing the changes in the mechanical properties of CFRP due to radiation degradation using composite beam theory and mathematical models while considering the non-uniform depth-absorbed dose distribution in real space environments. The results of this study provide insight into which depth region of the depth-absorbed dose distribution is dominant for radiation-induced changes in mechanical properties when the CFRP plate thickness varies.

Selecting autotetraploids from a facultatively apomictic tree of the nonapomictic ‘Licheng’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) variety

Tetraploid plays major roles in the polyploid breeding and production of citrus plants. Autotetraploids of nonapomictic citrus varieties are desirable in citrus polyploid breeding due to their high frequencies of hybrid polyploid production, certain genotypes and some predictable phenotypes. However, it is difficult to obtain autotetraploids of nonapomictic citrus varieties. In the present study, the nonapomictic sweet orange variety ‘Licheng’, which is native to China, was used as the main material. A ‘Licheng’ tree, LCOYC-04, that produced polyembryonic seeds at a frequency of 34.96±2.88 % was selected. Plants that grew from self-pollinated polyembryonic seeds of LCOYC-04 were investigated by flow cytometry. Four tetraploids were selected from 550 plants and identified according to chromosome observation. Exonic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus genotyping based on genome resequencing showed that 22.18 %-70.49 % of heterozygous loci in the genome of LCOYC-04 were homozygous in the genomes of plants grown from self-pollinated monoembryonic seeds. The proportions of homozygous loci were 2.07 %-2.45 % in the 4 selected tetraploids. These values were close to those in 7 asexual ‘Licheng’ relatives (1.97 %-2.71 %). Therefore, the 4 tetraploids were confirmed to be autotetraploids of LCOYC-04. Genome sequencing revealed a region of low sequencing depth (approximately 855 kb) on chromosome 4 of all ‘Licheng’ trees. The CitRWP gene, which is responsible for the occurrence of nucellar embryos in citrus plants, was located in the low sequencing depth region. It was confirmed by quantitative PCR that one of two allelic CitRWP gene was defective in genome of ‘Licheng’. The current study indicates that it is possible to induce nonapomictic citrus to mutate into facultatively apomictic citrus through chromosome segment deletion, and provides a reference for excavating autotetraploids which produce polyembryonic and monoembryonic seeds.

On Exact Computation of Tukey Depth Central Regions

The Tukey (or halfspace) depth extends nonparametric methods toward multivariate data. The multivariate analogues of the quantiles are the central regions of the Tukey depth, defined as sets of points in the d-dimensional space whose Tukey depth exceeds given thresholds k. We address the problem of fast and exact computation of those central regions. First, we analyze an efficient Algorithm (A) from Liu, Mosler, and Mozharovskyi, and prove that it yields exact results in dimension d = 2, or for a low threshold k in arbitrary dimension. We provide examples where Algorithm (A) fails to recover the exact Tukey depth region for d > 2, and propose a modification that is guaranteed to be exact. We express the problem of computing the exact central region in its dual formulation, and use that viewpoint to demonstrate that further substantial improvements to our algorithm are unlikely. An efficient C++ implementation of our exact algorithm is freely available in the R package TukeyRegion.

Development of hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation x-ray up to 30 keV.

Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) is a powerful tool for investigating the chemical and electronic states of bulk and buried interfaces non-destructively due to its large probing depth. To obtain a much larger probing depth and measure deeper regions than conventional HAXPES, we have developed a high-energy HAXPES (HE-HAXPES) system excited by photon energies up to 30keV. This system is achieved by combining an applied bias voltage on the sample with a conventional hemispherical electron energy analyzer. By utilizing this system, we successfully observed a Si 1s peak from the bulk-Si substrate underneath the 110-nm-thick SiO2 film at a photon energy of 30keV. Moreover, the system found that the asymmetrical spectral shape of the Si substrate signal originated from the electronic state, which is upward band bending formed at the interface between the SiO2 film and Si substrate. The HE-HAXPES system, excited by photon energy up to 30keV, could be a very useful tool to yield genuine insights into the chemical and electronic states in deeply buried regions.

Feasibility and Measurement Value of Pancreatic 2-D Shear Wave Elastography in Healthy Adults: Evaluation, Influencing Factors, Reference Range, Measurement Stability and Reproducibility

The present study was aimed at assessing the success rate and measurement value, determining the influencing factors and reference range and examining the intra-operator stability and inter-operator reproducibility of pancreatic 2-D shear wave elastography (SWE) measurement in healthy adults. In 2022, 387 healthy adults were prospectively recruited. Logistic regression and linear regression analyses were used to explore the factors influencing the success rate and the measurement value of pancreatic 2-D SWE measurement, respectively. A two-sided 95% reference range was estimated accordingly. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate the intra-operator stability and inter-operator reproducibility of the pancreatic 2-D SWE measurement. The pancreatic body (89.6%) bore the highest while the tail (72.8%) bore the lowest success rate of pancreatic 2-D SWE measurement. Sex and body mass index (BMI) were the independent factors influencing measurement success rate in all three parts of the pancreas. Mean measurement values (Emean) were not the same in the three parts of the pancreas of the same participant. BMI and image depth were the independent factors influencing Emean in the pancreatic body, while region of interest depth and BMI were the only independent factors influencing Emean in the pancreatic head and tail, respectively. The intra-operator stability of pancreatic 2-D SWE measurement was found to be excellent, whereas its inter-operator reproducibility was poor to good. Pancreatic 2-D SWE is a reliable technique for evaluating pancreatic stiffness in healthy adults, but its success rate and measurement value are influenced by multiple factors.

Numerical simulation of tsunami in the system of sevastopol bays

Within the framework of numerical simulation, a study was made of the penetration of tsunami waves into the system of Sevastopol bays. The non-linear SWASH hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the tsunami propagation. To determine the boundary conditions on the liquid boundary of the computational domain, using the Black Sea tsunami model, the level fluctuations near Sevastopol in the region of depths of 90 m were calculated during the passage of tsunami waves from three potential tsunami foci caused by underwater earthquakes of magnitude 7. It was found that in because of tsunami penetration into the bays of Sevastopol from the nearest focus, the rise in sea level in the tops of the bays could reach 1–2 m. The maximum amplitudes of level fluctuations were received in Pesochnaya and Karantinnaya bays, where they reached 2 m. In the Sevastopol Bay, the level rises were about 0.5–1 m. The most intense fluctuations were observed in the first 3–3.5 hours of the tsunami action. It is shown that the coastal zone of Sevastopol is protected from waves coming from distant foci by Cape Сhersones. Numerical experiments have shown that the protective piers at the entrance to the Sevastopol Bay do not have a significant effect on the sea level fluctuations caused by the tsunami inside the bay.

High-accuracy optical coherence elastography digital volume correlation methods to measure depth regions with low correlation.

The decreasing correlation of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with depth is an unavoidable problem for the depth measurement of the digital volume correlation (DVC) based optical coherence elastography (OCE) method. We propose an OCE-DVC method to characterize biological tissue deformation in deeper regions. The method proposes a strategy based on reliability layer guided displacement tracking to achieve the OCE-DVC method for the deformation measurement in deep regions of OCT images. Parallel computing solves the computational burden associated with the OCE-DVC method. The layer-by-layer adaptive data reading methods are used to guarantee the parallel computing of high-resolution OCT images. The proposed method shown in this study nearly doubles the depth of quantitative characterization of displacement and strain. At this depth, the standard deviation of displacement and strain measurements is reduced by nearly 78%. Under nonuniform deformation field, OCE-DVC method tracked the displacement with large strain gradient in depth region.

Are Volatiles From Subducted Ridges on the Pampean Flat Slab Fracking the Crust? Evidence From an Enhanced Seismicity Catalog

AbstractSeamounts and ridges are often invoked to explain subduction‐related phenomena such as flat slab generation, but the extent of their involvement remains controversial. An analysis of seismicity in the region of the Pampean flat slab through an application of an automated catalog generation algorithm resulted in 35,924 well constrained local earthquake hypocenters and a total of 12,172 focal mechanisms. Several new features related to the subduction of the Juan Fernandez Ridge (JFR) were discovered, including (a) a series of parallel lineaments of seismicity in the subducted Nazca plate separated by about 50 km and trending about 20°, and (b) a strong spatial correlation between these deeper (>80 km depth) regions of intense seismicity and concentrations of activity in the crust almost directly above it. Focal mechanisms of the deeper events are almost exclusively (∼81%) normal, while those in the crust are predominantly (∼70%) reverse. The deeper lineaments mirror the orientation and spacing of several seamount chains seen on the Nazca plate, suggesting that these patterns are caused by the same types of features at depth. This would imply that relatively minor features persist as slab anomalies long after they are subducted. The correlation of the deeper seismicity that defines these features with seismicity in the mid to lower crust suggests a genetic relation between the two. We postulate that volatiles from the subducted ridges percolate into the South American crust and induce seismicity essentially by fracking it.

Early Ordovician seamounts preserved in the Canadian Cordillera: Implications for the rift history of western Laurentia

Abstract The breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia and development of the western Laurentian rifted margin are in part recorded by Neoproterozoic to mid-Paleozoic igneous and sedimentary rock successions in the Canadian Cordillera. New bedrock mapping and volcanic facies analysis of Early Ordovician mafic rocks assigned to the Menzie Creek Formation in central Yukon allow reconstruction of the depositional environment during the volcanic eruptions, whole-rock geochemical data constrain the melting depth and crust-mantle source regions of the igneous rocks within the study area, and zircon U-Pb age studies provide determination of the precise timing of submarine eruptions. Menzie Creek Formation volcanic rocks are interlayered with continental slope strata and show lithofacies consistent with those of modern seamount systems. Representative seamount facies contain several kilometers of hyaloclastite breccia and pillow basalt with rare sedimentary rocks. Menzie Creek Formation seamounts form a linear array parallel to the Twopete fault, an ancient extensional or strike-slip fault that localized magmatism along the nascent western Laurentian margin. Zircon grains from two volcanic successions yielded high-precision chemical abrasion–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) dates of ca. 484 Ma (Tremadocian), which are interpreted as the age of eruption. Menzie Creek Formation rocks are alkali basalt and have oceanic-island basalt–like geochemical compositions. The whole-rock trace element and Nd-Hf isotope compositions are consistent with the partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle at ~75–100 km depth. Post-rift, Early Ordovician seamounts in central Yukon record punctuated eruptive activity along a rift-related fault, the separation of a continental fragment from western Laurentia, or the oblique post-breakup kinematics from the counterclockwise rotation of Laurentia that facilitated local extension in the passive margin.

Soil contamination status using contamination indicators and the health risk

Purpose. Knowing and evaluating the degree of pollution caused by the elements under study, and Statement of the potential environmental hazards index. in Samarra city-Iraq to know the limits of mineral pollution, because an increase of them is harmful to humans. Methodology. The first step in starting work for the current study, as the modeling was carried out in a field tour in November for each region in depth, the concentrations of heavy elements approved in the current study (manganese, copper, cadmium, mercury) using the atomic spectrometer, was used to process the results of analyzes of heavy elements in soils and represent them graphically and statistically, and then write the research in its final form. Finding. To find out the source of soil pollution, whether it is a natural source or human-induced, in addition to the application of two models of environmental risk indicators. (Environmental risk factor and potential environmental risk index) to find out how the elements are dangerous to the plant or animal environment. Originality. In this study measuring soil pollution is determined by the Contamination factor, Pollution Load Index, Degree of contamination, Ecological risk factor, and Potential Ecological Risk Index. Practical value. In the study area (1M on the right side, 2M on the side behind the SDI Factory, 3M inside the SDI Factory, and 4M on the left of the SDI Factory), which primarily shows an increase in the concentrations of the element’s cadmium and mercury in all areas of the study area by comparing them with the concentrations of the same elements in the earth’s crust.

On the Issue of Optimizing Surgical Tactics and Blood-Saving Techniques in Case of Placenta Ingrowth Into the Uterine Scar

AIM OF STUDY The study of the results of delivery of pregnant women with placenta ingrowth in the uterine scar depending on the clinical status and the methods of blood saving.MATERIAL AND METHODS The design of a selective retrospective study included 54 pregnant women with central placenta previa and uterine scar after caesarean section (CS), with histologically confirmed results of placenta accreta. Among blood-saving methods we used: ligation of three pairs of main vessels of the uterus, ligation of the internal iliac arteries, complex compression hemostasis according to R.G. Shmakov, temporary clamping of the common iliac arteries.RESULTS CS with fundal incision was performed in 47 women (87.0%) out of 54. Hysterectomy was performed in 17 women (31.5%) out of 54. In the remaining 37 cases (68.5%), metroplasty and organ preservation were performed. There was no relaparotomy; there was no maternal mortality; perinatal mortality was 4 (7.4%); forced opening, bladder resection were performed in 7 (13.0%) cases; opening of the bladder without wall resection — in 2 (3.7%); 2 near miss cases; there were no complications associated with temporary clamping of the common iliac arteries; endometritis (recovery after conservative treatment) was revealed in 2 women (3.7%). Histologic examination results: 15 (27.8%) of placenta accreta, 30 (55.6%) of placenta increta, 8 (14.8%) of placenta percreta. In 8 cases, there was a combination of placenta increta into the uterine scar region of different depths, and in 2 (3.7%) cases, a combined deeply invasive lesion of the posterior wall of the lower segment and the body of the uterus.CONCLUSION Complex compression hemostasis according to R.G. Shmakov is the most rational and promising method of blood saving, acceptable among the majority of patients with placenta accreta spectrum. Temporary clamping of the common iliac arteries is advisable in case of damage to the posterior wall of the bladder. Preservation of the uterus: in case of a deeply invasive lesion, including cases of combined damage to the posterior wall of the lower segment of the uterus or the body of the uterus, significant blood loss before the woman enters the hospital, it is not an imperative of surgical tactics.