Typology Of Regions Research Articles

Mapping Environmental Protests in Russia

Abstract Environmental protests have been a major strand of contention in Russia, yet the cross-regional variation in ecoprotests has not been systematically studied. In this paper, combining several protest event datasets we analyze the patterns of environmental activism across time and regions. The data cover more than 1000 protest events with an environmental agenda in the period 2007–2021. Based on these data, we develop a typology of Russian regions with the intensity and consistency of environmental mobilization as key dimensions. In the next step, we explore the covariates of ecoprotests in Russian regions and show that the overall level of mobilization, inequality, and governors’ tenure and links to the coercive apparatus are consistent predictors of ecoactivism. We also document the interaction between inequality and the strength of governor-siloviki ties indicating that in regions with high inequality, the negative effect of the latter is more pronounced. This paper contributes to the studies of environmental and subnational politics in Russia and demonstrates the need to account for spatial heterogeneity even against the backdrop of the consolidated autocratic regime.

Producción de café biodiverso en México: calidad, beneficios y controversia sobre el cambio de variedades por la roya

Intervention in any territory requires a careful assessment of environmental and cultural aspects, especially in the framework of territorial development. The objective of this study was to highlight the importance of conserving biological and cultural biodiversity in the main coffee growing of Mexico, and to analyze the challenges facing biodiverse coffee production. An updated regional typology was used to analyze the socio-economic dynamics of four states that will account for 90 % of national coffee production in 2020. The study examines the biological and cultural diversity of these areas in the context of public policies implemented between 2012 and 2016, which promoted varietal conversion as a phytosanitary measure to combat coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Br., 1869). This policy has generated an ongoing debate among producers, markets and specialists, who discuss the dilemma between maximizing production and preserving the quality and biodiversity of the territories. Finally, arguments are presented in favour of biodiverse coffee production driven by local communities, and the available legal framework for its protection, highlighting the right to be consulted in the implementation of future projects and policies.

Measuring achievements: Can cohesion policy programmes effectively monitor their performance?

The paper investigates the ability of Cohesion Policy programmes to define accurate policy outputs and to reliably monitor their own performance through accurate indicators. Specifically, the analysis explores the extent to which indicators and output targets set by ERDF programmes for monitoring and evaluation purposes are revised over time, seeking to identify specific patterns related to different areas such as spending categories, typology of regions, etc. Our findings highlight significant challenges faced by programmes in establishing realistic targets, as frequent and substantial changes are introduced to a vast majority of them. However, we also observe that only a small proportion of indicators is modified over time, suggesting relative stability in the overall objectives of programmes. The paper provides useful evidence for the ongoing debate on whether adopting a fully-performance based model, where access to funds is contingent upon achieving results/outputs, would enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of Cohesion Policy.

CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL WAGE DIFFERENCE IN KAZAKHSTAN AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS REDUCTION

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of regional differences in wages, the development of a cluster typology of the regions of Kazakhstan in terms of wages and the justification of the possibilities of reducing its regional differentiation. The article provides an overview of scientists' points of view on the problem of labor income inequality, assesses the level of regional wage differences in Kazakhstan, conducts a cluster analysis and develops a typology of the country's regions according to the level of average nominal wages, gross regional product per capita and the share of gross value added of the quasi-public sector in the gross regional product. A group of regions has been identified that are most in need of regulatory measures to increase wages. The possibilities of reducing large regional wage differences are substantiated, primarily by attracting investments to boost the economy, increase employment and labor incomes, as well as by introducing increasing regional coefficients when setting minimum wage standards in remote areas, regions with difficult natural and climatic conditions. The methods of systematic literary review, logical analysis? analogies and generalizations, economic and statistical, cluster analysis, and typology are used.

China’s digital and green (twin) transition: insights from national and regional innovation policies

ABSTRACT This paper examines the role of policy in China’s digital and green (twin) transition, building on a qualitative study of a large corpus of policy documents in green and digital domains. We analyse the multi-level governance of these transitions for three regional case studies: Shanghai, Wuhan and Hangzhou. We find that regions both adopt and adjust green and digital aims and means differently from national policy. A twin transition is not comprehensively addressed at the national level, but is partially implemented in the three regions. Based on our findings, we develop a regional typology sketching top-down policy implementation strategies.

Regional Typology in Central Java: Urban and Rural Relation based on Cluster Analysis

Regional Typology in Central Java: Urban and Rural Relation based on Cluster Analysis

Analysis of Potential Regional Economic Development in Bengkulu Province in 2022

Bengkulu Province is one of the developing provinces in Indonesia. The distribution of development and economic growth is still one of the main objectives of development in Indonesia, as well as Bengkulu Province. Development and growth are still centralised in Bengkulu City, causing inequality between regions in Bengkulu Province. This research aims to identify the typology of regions in Bengkulu Province, as an evaluation material for the government in determining priority development areas based on business fields in Bengkulu Province. The research method used is quantitative with sharpened through descriptive analysis. This research uses secondary data sources obtained from BPS Bengkulu Province. Based on the existing business sectors in Bengkulu Province, the primary sector or sectors that still depend on or take advantage of natural conditions, such as; agriculture, forestry and fisheries have the largest contribution to the Bengkulu Province GRDP, which is 27.57%, then the next sector is the Wholesale and Retail Trade sector; Car and Motorcycle Repair, with an average contribution of 15.82%, and the Government Administration sector with a contribution of 8.88%. Data were analysed using Klassen's typology, by dividing or grouping into 4 (four) quadrants based on business field indicators. The results of the Klassen typology analysis in Bengkulu Province based on business fields show that there is close to equity in each sector, typology in quadrants 1, 3, and 4 consists of 5 business fields, while the typology results in quadrant 2, only consists of 2 business fields (Manufacturing, Public Administration & Defence; Compulsory Social Security).Keywords: Regional Typology; Klassen Typology; Economy; Development.

State Management of Energy Efficiency Improvement in Agricultural Regions of the Russian Federation

The sustainable development of the Russian Federation and its subjects, associated with limiting the negative impact of economic entities on the environment and ensuring the rational use of natural resources of the territory, is not just following the modern trends of the international community to reduce the energy intensity of the national economy, but also economic expediency caused by increasing the competitiveness and energy efficiency of economic entities and regions of the country by reducing energy costs in production products. Agriculture as one of the energy-intensive sectors of the economy (the second after industry, which accounts for over 12% of electricity consumption in the country) is characterized by a significant diversity in the levels and rates of energy consumption in different regions of the country, which of course requires consideration in public administration and implementation of regional energy conservation policies. In this regard, the article proposes a typological grouping of agricultural regions of Russia, which is based on the growth rates of energy production, energy consumption, agricultural production and the share of agriculture in regional energy consumption. The originality of the study lies in the fact that on the basis of a geographically sectoral approach, the grouping of agricultural regions of the country is carried out not according to the actual volumes of agricultural products produced (as it is typical in such cases), but according to the amount of energy resources (electricity) consumed by agriculture in a particular subject of the Russian Federation, which allows obtaining more relevant data. The research results obtained in this way allow us to develop incident measures and additive mechanisms for improving energy efficiency, taking into account the specifics of the energy development of the industry and the trends of sustainable development of the region. The article contains elements of novelty in the formulation of the problem and the research methodology presented by the typology of agricultural regions of Russia. The article contributes to the evaluation of management decisions at the regional level in the framework of the implementation of energy conservation policy and the application of regional energy efficiency programs.

Оценка влияния состояния и использования земель сельскохозяйственного назначения на обеспечение продовольственной безопасности регионов страны

The article examines the influence of the condition and use of agricultural land on ensuring food security in the regions. The objectives of the study are to study the condition, problems and efficiency of use of agricultural land. A typology of regions is proposed according to the level of food balance, production, share of exports and imports, as well as their classification depending on climatic and natural conditions. The study showed that donor regions are characterized by a positive food balance, participation in interregional exchange using their own surpluses, and a minimum level of imports. Recipient regions have a negative food balance and can carry out interregional exchange through imports.

Analysis of Food and Non-Food Consumption Patterns Household

Purpose: This study aims to determine the influence of household income, head of household education level, and number of family members on consumption patterns in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. Methodology: The study uses quantitative descriptive analysis with multiple linear regression analysis tools. Results: The findings show that household consumption is influenced not only by regional typology but also by socioeconomic conditions. Multiple linear regression analysis reveals that household income, head of household education level, and number of family members positively correlate with food and non-food consumption patterns in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. Findings: Hypothesis testing indicates that household income significantly affects food and non-food consumption patterns. The education level of the head of household also significantly affects both food and non-food consumption patterns. However, the number of family members significantly affects food consumption patterns but does not significantly affect non-food consumption patterns. Novelty: This research provides insights into how socioeconomic factors influence consumption patterns in a specific region. Originality: The study offers a detailed analysis of the relationship between household socioeconomic characteristics and consumption patterns. Conclusions: Household income and head of household education level significantly influence both food and non-food consumption patterns, while the number of family members significantly influences only food consumption patterns. Type of Paper: Empirical Research Article Keywords: Consumption Patterns, Food, Non-Food, Household

Temporal and Cross-Regional Variance in Environmental Protest Activity of Russians (2007–2021)

The environmental movement in Russia has been a most institutionalized form of collective action. Originating from the Soviet period and gaining momentum in late 1980s, it survived the 1990s’ dramatic transformations as well as the changes in political opportunity structure in the 2000–2010s. Extant scholarship on environmental activism in Russia has been largely focused on case-studies of regional mass-mobilization, such as environmental campaigns at Shiyes station in Archangelsk. The paper represents the first systematic study of cross-regional variance in environmental collective action in Russia. Drawing on three datasets, we trace the general evolution of environmental protests in the period from 2007 to 2021 and provide a typology of Russian regions. The latter allows us to classify Russian regions by intensity and sustainability of eco-mobilisation. We demonstrate that, despite narrowing opportunities, the intensity of environmental protests during the last decade has been on the rise. The typology allows us to describe the existing variance and suggest new questions on the nature and factors of environmental protest activity in Russian regions.

Assessment of the Dynamics of Structural Changes in the Socio-Economic Environment and Their Typology in the Context of a Statistical Approach

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the documentation for assessing the dynamics of structural changes in the socio-economic environment and their typology. The relevance of the study is related to the problems of reflecting the socio-economic environment, which affect the efficiency of economic activity. To address these issues, many regions of the country have adopted regional development strategies for the period up to 2030, which correspond to the national development goals of the Russian Federation. Various approaches of scientists to determining the essence and significance of the socio-economic environment, which is defined as a set of conditions and factors that influence all sectors of the economy, are studied.Methods: structural, index, comparative estimates and methodology of the system of national accounts.Results: the article uses a digital meter as a reproduction of the population and gross regional product (GRP), which objectively reflect the structural changes and typologies of the regions. GRP is calculated by types of economic activity, at the stages of: production, income generation and final consumption of households 2012-2021. Typologies of the Ural regions have been developed according to the following criteria: specialization of the economy, the position of the region in production, by types of primary income and final consumption of households per capita.Conclusion: the advantage of the statistical approach of studying the assessment of the dynamics of structural changes in the socio-economic environment and their typology allows us to get a more objective idea of the prevailing trends and the state of the regional economy. The results obtained made it possible to formulate a methodological basis for future scientific research in the field of structural changes in the meso-environment and socio-economic behavior of the population. They can also be used as a methodological basis for the development of public policy measures and strategies for sustainable development of territories in the future.

A pathway to urban resilience: investigating green open space priority areas to mitigate the urban heat island phenomenon in Samarinda City, Indonesia

PurposeThe potential for massive economic growth exists in Samarinda City due to the intensification of activities in built-up areas. This suggests the potential for increased urban disease in the relocation of Indonesia’s new capital city to a location adjacent to Samarinda. One of the most striking impacts is the urban heat island (UHI). The increase in this phenomenon can be addressed effectively and efficiently through the provision and arrangement of appropriate vegetation-based actions. Therefore, this study aims to identify priority areas of green open space (GOS) based on UHI levels. In addition, this study also aims to present alternative mitigation measures to reduce the risk of disasters due to UHI.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-method approach was used in this research, involving an initial land surface temperature analysis to identify the UHI class. This analysis was complemented by quantitative spatial analyses, such as scoring, overlay and intersect methods, to determine the priority level class and the typology of GOS priority. A qualitative analysis was also conducted through data triangulation or comparison methods, such as examining existing land use, GOS priority maps and spatial plan policies.FindingsThe findings show that the total UHI area in Samarinda City was 6,936.4 ha in 2019 and is divided into three classifications. In Class 1, the UHI area is very dominant, reaching 87% of the total area. Meanwhile, the main results identified two priority classes of GOS in Samarinda, namely, the medium and high categories with an area of 960.43 ha and 113.57 ha, respectively. The results also showed that there were 17 typologies associated with five alternative mitigation measures: green industry, greening parking lots, improving urban green infrastructure and buildings, urban greening and mining restoration.Research limitations/implicationsSpecific to assessing UHI, image data were available only in medium spatial resolution, leading to a consequence of detailed accuracy. In addition, since the determination of mitigation considered local policies, the method should be used in other locations requiring adjustments to existing regulations, specifically those related to spatial planning.Originality/valueThis study makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the UHI phenomenon in Indonesia, especially in the urban areas of Kalimantan Island. In addition, the study presents new insights into alternative mitigation actions to reduce the risk of UHI. Innovatively, this study introduces a typology of regions associated with appropriate alternative mitigation actions, making it an important achievement for the first time in the context of this study.

Methodology for Assessing the Quality of the Economic Space of the Region

Introduction. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for theoretical and methodological justification and practical study of the problem of measuring the quality of the economic space of Russian regions and its influence on the development of the regional economy. The absence of this type of research increases the significance of this work. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological issues for measuring the quality of the regional economic space and substantiate the methodology for its integral assessment. Materials and Methods. The object of the study was Russian regions and their socio-economic state. The authorsʼ methodology is based on system analysis, econometric modeling using indices calculated on panel data for regions, as well as the method of expert surveys. To obtain quantitative estimates of the economic space based on Rosstat data, an information base was created for 85 regions of the Russian Federation, covering the period from 2007 to 2021. A typology of Russian regions has been carried out according to the level of the integral indicator of the quality of the economic space. Results. An original methodological approach is proposed, based on a systemic assessment of the total influence of a set of factors on the quality of the regional economic space. Within the framework of this approach, a methodology for measuring the quality of the economic space of a region has been developed and tested. Regions were grouped according to the level of the economic space; based on econometric modeling and empirical data, the influence of the economic space on the gross regional product per capita of Russian territories was established. Discussion and Conclusion. It is proposed to carry out a relative assessment of the quality of the economic space using a system of indicators grouped into three blocks: “input”, “process”, “output”. Such a structure of indicators is capable of systematically reflecting the strengths and weaknesses of a particular region, the sources of regional spatial dynamics, and therefore can be used for an integral assessment of the level of development of territories. The results of the study can be used in the development and implementation of regional economic policy, and will also be useful to specialists and government officials involved in the development of strategic directions for improving the territorial structure of the Russian Federation.

A Relationship Analysis Between the Poverty Rate and the Regional Development Level in Kulon Progo Regency, Indonesia

This study aims to identify the level of poverty and the level of regional development, along with an analysis of the relationship and typology between the two, in Kulon Progo Regency. The analysis unit in this research was 12 subdistricts in Kulon Progo Regency. The method used in the research is descriptive quantitative, with secondary data analysis using factor analysis, natural breaks, Pearson Product Moment correlation test, alignment levels, regional typologies with scatter plot, and spatial analysis. Meanwhile, regional development policy recommendations are also prepared, based on the type of area resulting from the typology using a SWOT analysis. The results showed that there are variations in poverty and regional development levels. The correlation test between the poverty rate and three factors in the regional development rate showed a fairly strong negative relationship with input and output factors and a strong negative relationship with process factors, which means that the higher the poverty level, the lower the level of regional development, and vice versa. Meanwhile, regional development policy recommendations are prepared based on four quadrants of the resulting regions, namely Quadran I (developed regions), Quadran II (developing regions), and Quadran III and IV (underdeveloped regions).

Typology of rural transformation in Grogol, Sukoharjo 2009-2022

Peri-urban growth and development in Grogol District can trigger changes in physical, social, and economic characteristics that were previously rural to become more urban. Therefore, this research is aimed at identifying the physical, social, and economic characteristics of the peri-urban urban area of Grogol Sub-District that occur as a result of the growth and development of the core city, namely Surakarta City. This study was also structured to find out how the peri-urban typology formed in the Grogol sub-district, which is directly adjacent to Surakarta City, when viewed based on the characteristics of the peri-urban area according to its physical, social, and economic aspects. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis by combining the results of the scores for each physical, social, and economic aspect variable. The results showed the development of regional typology zones in 2009–2022, namely: Madegondo Village from 2009–2022, Gedangan Village became the primary peri-urban zone starting in 2018, Cemani Village became the primary peri-urban zone in 2022, Pondok, Pandeyan, Telukan, Kadokan, Grogol, Kwarasan, Parangjoro, Manang, Sanggrahan, and Banaran Villages in 2009–2022, Langenharjo Village in 2012 was included in the primary peri-urban zone, changed in 2015 to become a secondary peri-urban zone. So in 2009–2022, in Grogol District, there will be two typologies, namely the primary peri-urban zone and the secondary peri-urban zone.

Uncovering regional typologies in Europe in terms of interregional and intraregional direct investment flows

Information regarding direct investment flows across European space is scarce, and in most of the cases at the national level. Such a scarcity limits the capacity to undertake the required analyses and to derive the corresponding conclusions on the interrelations among European regions. This is especially so considering that Europe is gradually moving from a “space of States” to a “State of spaces” and from a “space of places’’ to a “space of flows’’. In a nutshell, the pure essence of the European economic integration process is the gradual “thinning” and “melting” of (the artificial) border impediments. Thus, as the process of European economic integration is in full swing, European territories have been experiencing a period of unprecedented change, being transformed into integral parts of the European economic space. The paper uncovers regional typologies in Europe in terms of interregional and intraregional (NUTS 2 level) direct investment flows in year 2018, the year prior to the eruption of the COVID19 pandemic. To this end, the paper compiles an O-D matrix for interregional and intraregional direct investment flows in Europe, constructs tailor-made clustering indicators and employs the k-means clustering technique.

GIS-Based Analysis of the Regional Typology of Neolithic Archaeological Cultures in the Taihu Lake Region of China

The study of the evolution of regional typology of archaeological cultures is essential in understanding the trajectory of cultural evolution from a temporal and spatial perspective. In this paper, we focused on the Taihu Lake region, one of the six major regional typologies of Neolithic archaeological cultures in China. By utilizing archaeological site data from the Neolithic Era in this region, our study investigates the evolution of typologies in archaeological cultures at both regional and sub-regional scales. From a broad perspective, quantitative methods were used to explore the cultural evolution process in the Taihu Lake region. The degree of social integration and intercultural inheritance can be reflected through the size of the site and the superimposition of cultural layers. In addition, climate and environmental data were combined to investigate its driving factors. Moreover, GIS (Geographic Information System) analysis methods were used to cluster and partition the cultures in the Taihu Lake region. By identifying distinct groups of sites, it is possible to deconstruct and analyze the interior of the cultures to study their distribution patterns and to explore the exchanges and expansions within the cultures. By integrating both research approaches, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolutionary characteristics of the regional typology of archaeological cultures within the Taihu Lake region. These findings contribute to the development of quantitative methods for studying the evolutionary trajectory of archaeological cultural systems.

Innovative Development of Russian Regions: Assessment and Dynamics in the Context of Sustainable Development

Innovative development of regions is a key factor that determines the level of competitiveness of the economies of all countries in the world. This article uses statistical tools to assess the level of innovative development of the regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to assess the innovative development of the subjects of Russia for the period 2010–2020. Objectives of the study: (1) to study the main parameters of innovative development of the subjects of the Russian Federation; (2) to conduct a typology of Russian regions by the level of innovative development on the basis of cluster analysis. The selected time interval (2010–2020) was a period of increasing turbulent flows of development of socio-economic processes at the global, national and regional levels. Cluster analysis was used to identify spatial and functional features of innovative development of Russian regions. The obtained analytical calculations confirm a high degree of differentiation between the Russian regions by all key indicators of innovative development. The results of grouping regions on the basis of cluster analysis showed that there are four clusters based on the sum of normalized indicators, reflecting different levels of innovative development in Russian regions. The analysis revealed that most of the regions belong to the groups with moderate and low levels of innovative development. The regions of the Central and Volga Federal Districts have the highest level of innovative development, while the regions located in the north of the European part of Russia, the North Caucasus, the south of eastern Siberia and the Far East, as well as “new” regions, have a low level. The results of the study can be implemented by regional authorities for systematic monitoring of the level of innovative development of regions, making managerial decisions and developing mechanisms to ensure innovation activity in the regions.

Rankings and the Typology of Russian Regions by Housing Affordability and Abailality in the 1990s–2020s

Rankings and the Typology of Russian Regions by Housing Affordability and Abailality in the 1990s–2020s