Regional State Administration Research Articles

Public governance in national minority rights protection

The article is devoted to the analysis of public administration in the field of national minorities rights protection. The author analyzes the system of authorities aimed at protecting the national minorities interests and nationalities in Ukraine. The Committee on Nationalities under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine was the first ukrainian central state body of the executive power, entrusted with the functions of ensuring ethno-national policy and protecting the national minorities interests. It is emphasized that the structure of public authorities protecting the rights of national minorities was not limited exclusively to the activities of the specialized central executive body. The positions of Advisor to President on ethno-national problems of Crimea and Advisor to President on the affairs of the Ukrainian diaspora were introduced. At the regional (oblast) level, the Republican Committee for Nationalities and Deported Citizens of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea operates, as well as the relevant subdivisions at the local level – nationalities and migration departments of regional state administrations. The situation changed with the switch of the state policy vector from pro-Russian to pro-European. This was not least due to the recommendations of the OSCE and the need to converge with the acquis communautaire of the European Union. National minorities rights protection has been in focus since the independence of Ukraine. Establishing and functioning of the relevant Ministry (Committee) on National Minorities is a direct confirmation of this thesis. This issue was always in focus of the Ukrainian governments besides the period of the rule of the pro-Russian government (2010-2014), when most of the state institutions for the protection of national minorities were liquidated. This fact determined the revolutionary events of the Euromaidan (2014) to some extent. As of today, Ukraine fulfills its obligations regarding the protection of the national minorities rights. The current central authority (State Service of Ukraine for Ethnic Policy and Freedom of Conscience, DESS) was formed in accordance with the recommendations of the OSCE and taking into account the experience of the EU member-states. Its status is lower in the executive power hierarchy. However, its scope of competence and its actual activity best serves the interests of the national minorities.

BUDGET DECENTRALISATION: RESULTS AND CURRENT CHALLENGES

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the results of budgetary decentralisation in Ukraine, to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on its success, and to identify the urgent tasks for improving the financial capacity of hromadas. Results. The article analyses the content of the strategies for reforming the public finance management system for 2017-2020 and 2022-2025, as well as the reports on the implementation of the Strategy for the period February 2017 – December 2019 and for 2022. The paper identifies the main achievements and unresolved issues of implementation of these strategies. The study highlights the factors that have the greatest impact on the success of the implementation of the tasks of reforming the public finance system. The coefficients of budgetary centralisation and decentralisation are calculated on the basis of expenditures of the Consolidated, State and local budgets. The article examines the results of a survey of local government representatives conducted in 2023 from April 27 to May 4 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology within the framework of the Sectoral Support Initiative for Civil Society in Ukraine project on the availability of post-war recovery plans in hromadas. Value / Originality. The undisputed results of the budget decentralisation for the period 2017-2020 include an increase in the volume of local budgets' own financial resources and a certain improvement in the quality of public services provided to consumers, but it is noted that the goals of the Strategy for Reforming the Public Finance Management System were not achieved during this period. The authors note a significant improvement in the quality of strategic planning in 2021 compared to 2016. It is emphasised that the implementation of most of the budgetary decentralisation measures planned in the latest Strategy was prevented by the full-scale war with Russia. Among the unresolved issues of the reform are the following: significant dependence of local self-government on central government transfers, duplication of functions by district and regional state administrations, low human and institutional capacity of local self-government bodies, and the procedure for administering local taxes. One of the urgent tasks of budgetary decentralisation is the need to develop and implement post-war reconstruction measures.

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera outbreak sites in Ethiopia

BackgroundCholera is an acute infectious disease caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water with Vibrio cholerae. Cholera remains a global threat to public health and an indicator of inequity and lack of social development. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of V. cholerae from cholera outbreak sites in Ethiopia.MethodsAcross-sectional study was conducted from May 2022 to October 2023 across different regions in Ethiopia: Oromia National Regional State, Amhara National Regional State and Addis Ababa City Administration. A total of 415 fecal samples were collected from the three regions. Two milliliter fecal samples were collected from each study participants. The collected samples were cultured on Blood Agar, MacConkey Agar and Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose Agar. A series of biochemical tests Oxidase test, String test, Motility, Indole, Citrate, Gas production, H2S production, Urease test were used to identify V. cholerae species. Both polyvalent and monovalent antisera were used for agglutination tests to identify and differentiate V. cholerae serogroup and serotypes. In addition, Kirby-Bauer Disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test method was done. Data were registered in epi-enfo version 7 and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of Vibrio cholerae. Logistic regression model was fitted and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of V. cholerae in the fecal samples was 30.1%. Majority of the isolates were from Oromia National Regional State 43.2% (n = 54) followed by Amhara National Regional State 31.2% (n = 39) and Addis Ababa City Administration 25.6% (n = 32). Most of the V. cholerae isolates were O1 serogroups 90.4% (n = 113) and Ogawa serotypes 86.4% (n = 108). Majority of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin 100% (n = 125), tetracycline 72% (n = 90) and gentamycin 68% (n = 85). More than half of the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 62.4% (n = 78) and ampicillin 56.8% (n = 71). In this study, participants unable to read and write were about four times more at risk for V. cholerae infection (AOR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.07–13.33). In addition, consumption of river water were about three times more at risk for V. cholerae infection (AOR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.08–7.08).Conclusionour study revealed a high prevalence of V. cholerae from fecal samples. The predominant serogroups and serotypes were O1 and Ogawa, respectively. Fortunately, the isolates showed susceptible to most tested antibiotics. Drinking water from river were the identified associated risk factor for V. cholerae infection. Protecting the community from drinking of river water and provision of safe and treated water could reduce cholera outbreaks in the study areas.

Certification of Ukrainian Doctors of All Eight Stomatological Specialties: Analysis of Certification Sheet, Personal Educational Portfolio with Continuing Professional Development Results, and Certificate

Certification of doctors-stomatologists (i.e., dentists) in Ukraine is a procedure that is not sufficiently covered in English-language articles. Understanding Ukrainian legislation in in matters of сertification is extremely important both for foreing colleagues and for stomatologists in Ukraine. The purpose of this paper is to present the original and translation of three main documents of the Procedure for Certification of Doctors of the Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine dated February 22, 2019, No. 446 (as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine dated August 18, 2021, No. 1753). Namely, certification sheet, personal educational portfolio with continuing professional development (CPD) results, and certificate. Each of the documents is detailed. Document templates can be found in Appendices 1, 2, and 3 to the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 446, freely available on the official website of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Personal educational portfolio deserves special attention, in which the doctor who is undergoing certification must chronologically indicate the CPD activities for the past year, the place of their implementation, the duration or/and bibliographic reference and the number of accrued CPD points. Also, this document requires to indicate the number of medical services provided by doctor during the reporting period (except for the specialties specified in Appendix 5 to the Procedure for the Certification of Doctors and the specialty “Organization and Management of Health Care”). Another purpose of this article was to provide samples of certificates on the assignment and confirmation of qualification categories to doctors-stomatologists- surgeons. The presented certificates were issued by certification commissions at various health care bodies of Ukraine. Namely, at (1) the Department of Healthcare of the Kyiv Regional State Administration and (2) the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine. All three certificates were issued in 2021.

Features of the types of control on the performance of electronic procedures in the activities of public administration entities

The scientific article highlights the essence of the types of control over the implementation of electronic procedures in the activities of public administration bodies, namely: parliamentary control; from the representative of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on human rights; from the central bodies of executive power. The author substantiates the expediency of improving the legal regulation of the procedure for holding a preliminary meeting before the trial of the case. In particular, it is considered expedient to establish the terms of holding a preparatory meeting from the moment of receipt of an administrative claim, as well as to determine the cases when reconciliation of the parties is not allowed. It was established that the control carried out by local executive bodies has a much smaller scope, but is the closest to the controlled objects. The control powers of the said bodies within the scope of control over the provision of electronic services are enshrined in the Law of Ukraine «On Local State Administrations» (Clause 9 of Article 16). Part 1 of Article 28 of this law stipulates that in order to exercise the powers granted, local state administrations have the right, in particular, to conduct inspections of the state of compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine and the laws of Ukraine, other legislative acts by local self­government bodies. It was concluded that regional state administrations, within the limits of their powers, direct the activities of district state administrations and exercise control over their activities. Local state administrations control the implementation of the powers granted by law to the executive bodies of village, settlement and city councils by their executive bodies and village, settlement and city heads. It has been established that control over the exercise of delegated powers of executive bodies by local self-government bodies is entrusted to the relevant local state administrations, and in cases provided for by law, to ministries and other central bodies of executive power, their territorial bodies. Control is carried out by analyzing acts of local self-government bodies, providing local self-government bodies with information on the implementation of delegated powers of executive bodies, conducting inspections of the activities of executive bodies of village, settlement, and city councils. In addition, local executive bodies can create structural subdivisions to perform control functions.

Identifying Deficiencies in Children's Residential Care in Finland: Inspectors' Views on Working With Information

ABSTRACTAbusive and illegal practices in residential care are a recognised issue in child welfare internationally; thus, the question of how these institutions are supervised is important. However, children's residential care is complex by nature, making its supervision a challenging task. This article examines residential care supervision by looking at the ‘knowledge work’ that two central legality supervisors in Finland—the Parliamentary Ombudsman and Regional State Administrative Agencies—conduct when inspecting children's residential homes. Here, ‘knowledge work’ refers to the process of working with information to identify deficiencies in care. Eleven interviews and 16 inspection reports are analysed with a focus on the nature of the information that these supervisors gather when inspecting residential units and how they evaluate the significance and reliability of the information. The results show that to complete their institutional task, the inspectors gather information from various sources, including documents and interviews with children. The significance of the information is then assessed by comparing it with legislation and the supervisory mandate, and its reliability is verified by considering the diverse information sources as a whole collection of information. The results suggest that how well ‘knowledge work’ is conducted highly affects the impact of supervision.

Modern technologies of physical recreation and mass sports in the context of the social project “Active parks – spaces of healthy Ukraine”

The main goal of the work is to highlight the organization of health-improving physical activity with the help of modern technologies for all categories of citizens, including persons with disabilities, internally displaced persons, war veterans, thanks to which conditions are created for reducing morbidity rates, improving the quality and duration of the active life of the population, and preventing diseases and overcoming their consequences in the conditions of martial law. During the implementation of events within the framework of the implementation of the social project, experts in the field of physical culture and sports, employees of physical culture and sports institutions, structural subdivisions for physical culture and sports of the regional and Kyiv city state administrations, specialists of public associations of physical culture and sports orientation or other entities in the field of physical culture and sports, which provide consultations and conduct practical classes. Leading athletes, trainers and other specialists in the field of physical culture and sports are involved in various types of physical activity and familiarization with sports.&#x0D; The social project "Active parks - locations of a healthy Ukraine" is being implemented directly by coordinators. This is a natural person, whose task is to organize and conduct events within the framework of the implementation of the social project, defined by the Regulation on the social project "Active parks - locations of healthy Ukraine" [1], for all categories of citizens, including persons with disabilities, internally displaced persons , war veterans, etc.&#x0D; The task of the research is to study the modern technology of physical recreation and mass sports of the social project "Active parks - locations of healthy Ukraine". The object of the research is the initiation of new forms of involvement of various population groups, including persons with disabilities, internally displaced persons and war veterans, in health-improving motor activity in places of mass recreation. The subject of the research is the creation of conditions for conducting events within the framework of the implementation of a social project on a permanent basis for different strata of the population with the help of modern technologies of physical recreation.&#x0D; Conclusions. It has been found that modern technologies of physical recreation and mass sports in the context of the social project "Active parks - locations of healthy Ukraine", in the framework of which even simple exercises are regularly performed with the help of a coordinator or online exercises strengthen the work of the immune system, increase the resistance of the human body to adverse factors of the external environment, which is one of the forms of physical recovery of all categories of citizens, including persons with disabilities, internally displaced persons and war veterans.

НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПОСТУПАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ БІБЛІОТЕК В УМОВАХ ПАРТНЕРСЬКОЇ СПІВПРАЦІ

The article examines specific provisions of regulatory legal documents governing partnership cooperation, including cooperation between libraries and state bodies, public organizations, benefactors, and patrons. Attention is drawn to the activities of domestic libraries during wartime, priority directions of their work are identified, particularly those directed towards volunteers, charitable organizations, and residents of local communities. The social, political, and economic changes that have occurred in Ukraine in recent years have led to changes in the activities and interaction of state bodies, state and public organizations, institutions, and individuals. Partnership between various entities involved in these processes, including libraries, is gradually acquiring new features. An important component of the activities of domestic libraries becomes social partnership, which defines cooperation between libraries and various societal actors, including governmental bodies, educational institutions, non-governmental organizations, benefactors, and philanthropists, etc. It is noticeable that recently the majority of Ukrainian libraries are more often establishing cooperation with volunteer movements, not only with public organizations of cultural, educational, or social orientation. A significant amount of work by library staff is directed towards interaction with local communities, which have increased over the past two years due to internally displaced persons. The positive results of successful work by library institutions on social partnership issues are shaped by an up-to-date and high-quality regulatory framework. The legislative framework for library activities is defined by the Laws of Ukraine, Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, orders of the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine, directives of Departments or Offices of Culture, Youth and Sports of regional state or military-civil administrations, as well as local regulatory documents of districts and communities. Libraries are gradually transforming into centers for engaging the public in participation in innovative projects, becoming hubs for the development of community members' personal creativity, collaboration with various social institutions. They are modernizing the forms and methods of library work into more creative, intellectual ones, which attract the attention of schoolchildren, youth, and adults. Today, library institutions, operating within the framework of current legislation, seek and utilize various forms and methods of cooperation to improve their financial status, popularize their work, and provide access to information technologies. Key words: social partnership, library partnership, regulatory documents, legislative acts, volunteering, cooperation, social institution, library, non-governmental organizations, charitable organizations, patronage, legal support

DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN ODESA REGION (LATE XX – BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY)

The purpose of the study is to highlight certain aspects of the development of the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) in Odesa region in the context of its problems and achievements at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that, for the first time, a comprehensive study of the peculiarities of the development of the RCC in Odesa region against the background of historical events of the late 20th – early 21st centuries is proposed. On the basis of archival documents, the main stages of the activity of the RCC in Odesa region in the specified period are considered. It was found that the first stage on the way of the revival of the Church fell on the 1990s. Its characteristic features were the return of buildings previously confiscated by the Soviet authorities to Catholic communities, their reconstruction and restoration. During this period, it was possible to create a network of religious communities adapted to the conditions of activity in the plane of a multi-confessional environment. It is indicated that this process was under the control of the Department for Religious Affairs, which operated under the Odesa Regional State Administration during 1996-2005. It has been proven that the second stage of development of the RCC began at the beginning of the 21st century, which was due to the arrival of Pope John Paul II in Ukraine. The main achievements of this period are analyzed: the foundation of the new Odesa-Simferopol diocese headed by Bishop Bronislav Bernatsky, the increase in the number of believers, the activation of educational and charity work, activities aimed at improving inter-religious relations in the region. The intellectual and religious ties of the RCC with representatives of state structures and the public have been clarified. In the conditions of full-scale Russian aggression, the RCC took an active position in supporting the population of Ukraine and providing them with appropriate humanitarian aid. Further studies of church history include research on the construction of Christian churches in the south of Ukraine.

Social demand for Healthy Food for pupils in Ukraine: Case of Kharkiv region

The article discusses the issue of healthy eating in Ukraine, namely the public demand for healthy eating and, as a result, the demand for reforming the nutrition system. The focus of the study is on students, which was done for several reasons: eating habits are formed at school age and become the basis for attitudes towards nutrition in adulthood; students are a social group that is particularly influenced by media marketing technologies and the advertising industry. Marketing in the media mainly promotes fast food and other types of junk food, which contradicts the formation of a healthy lifestyle. The Department of Science and Education of the Kharkiv Regional State Administration, together with V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, conducted a survey of 8-11th grade students of general secondary education institutions in Kharkiv region about their diet at school and at home. The online survey of students lasted from March 10 to April 12, 2021. A survey of parents and teachers of students was conducted from April 26 to July 1, 2021. The article analyzes the results of the study of nutrition in schools in Kharkiv region in several areas: sufficiency, accessibility of school meals, habits and attitudes. One of the main conclusions reached by the authors is that there is a demand for healthy food in schools and for improving the school diet. This conclusion raised the following research question: how to meet this demand. However, this issue is a systemic one, and therefore its solution plan should include the interests of all stakeholders. Based on the common areas of the concept of sustainable development and the theory of social cohesion, the authors propose the introduction of innovative living laboratories. Innovation laboratories are aimed at involving consumers in the evaluation of products and services along with other stakeholders. The article was published within the framework of the project "Stimulating Urban Food System Transformation through the Implementation of Innovative Living Laboratories" (FUSILLI) under the grant agreement № 101000717 (HORIZON2020).

STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF COUNCILS OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS AT REGIONAL STATE ADMINISTRATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS AND UNIVERSITIES

Topicality. Given the challenges of wartime and the post-war innovative recovery of Ukraine's economy, the use of the academic potential of young scientists, including members of the Councils of Young Scientists at regional state administrations, will contribute to the development of higher education and science in the regions of Ukraine. Young scientists are characterized by adaptability to the challenges of today, they easily master new information, technologies, have innovative ideas, etc. Having a significant academic potential in the field of higher education and science, young scientists who are members of the Councils of Young Scientists at regional state administrations can use it more effectively for the economic and social development of the country, act as opinion leaders and stimulate young scientists in the region.Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to develop approaches to strengthening the role of the Councils of Young Scientists at regional state administrations (on the example of Odesa region) in the development of innovative activities of scientific institutions and higher education institutions. The study solved the following scientific tasks:- to analyze the academic potential of the members of the Council of Young Scientists at the Odesa Regional State Administration;- to provide proposals for strengthening the role of the Council of Young Scientists at the Odesa Regional State Administration in the development of innovation in scientific institutions and higher education institutions of Odesa region.Materials and Methods. The materials presented in the study are based on the analysis of the legislative framework of Ukraine, regional development programs, and the analysis of the survey. The study used theoretical methods of institutional analysis of scientific activity, statistical methods of researching the scientific potential of members of the Council of Young Scientists at the Odesa Regional State Administration, methods of sociological research, cognitive analysis of scientific abstractions and generalizations.Research results. The results of the study showed that members of the Council of Young Scientists at the Odesa Regional State Administration have significant academic potential, which they successfully realize. However, there are a number of constraining factors: investing their own money; limited access to modern scientific and technical infrastructure to realize their innovative potential; emotional burnout during wartime; overloaded with tasks that are not part of their job description, etc.Only 33 % of the members of the Council of Young Scientists at the Odesa Regional State Administration have any connection or cooperation with business, but 82% are ready for such cooperation.Today, the Council of Young Scientists at the Odesa Regional State Administration functions in accordance with the legal framework, but there are a number of aspects that need to be improved:- Funding and resources - young scientists need more support in the form of grants, scholarships, and access to modern research infrastructure;- Publications and scientific exchange - development of scientific networking, promotion and encouragement of publication activity in national and international journals important for raising the scientific ranking of young scientists;- scientific management - improving the system of scientific management and support for innovative projects;- cooperation with business - establishing cooperation with business and orienting scientific research towards the needs and goals of the Odesa Region Development Strategy for 2021-2027.The results of the survey showed that 75% of the members of the RMC at the RSA are ready to join a group of other scientists to write projects and cooperate with business and have innovative ideas and suggestions.Conclusion. This study solves the scientific task of improving the approach to the formation of administrative, functional and informational relations of the institutional ecosystem of the Councils of Young Scientists at regional state administrations (on the example of Odesa region).The paper proposes proposals to strengthen the role of the Councils of Young Scientists at regional state administrations in the development of innovative activities regarding: strengthening administrative, functional and information interaction in the institutional ecosystem of the Councils of Young Scientists at regional state administrations; attracting additional sources of funding for young scientists; developing proposals for the Action Plan for 2024-2027 for the implementation of the Development Strategy of Odesa Region 2021-2027; proposing to provide an opportunity to hear annual proposals of members of the Councils of Young Scientists at regional state administrations.

GROUNDWATER OF VOLYN REGION: CONDITIONS OF LOCATION, FEATURES OF USE, WAYS OF PRESERVATION AND IMPROVEMENT

Water is a vital resource that sustains life on our planet. However, its distribution is uneven, leading to water scarcity in some areas and excess in others. Human activities further exacerbate the reduction of usable water volume. It is predicted that water scarcity may become a significant factor in conflicts of the 21st century. Groundwater serves as a primary source of water and is classified as an exhaustible renewable natural resource. However, the replenishment of groundwater occurs at a slow rate. Given the global water scarcity issue, there is a pressing need for comprehensive research on groundwater, particularly at local and regional levels. Therefore, this article focuses on investigating the underground water resources in the Volyn region, including their occurrence, and analyzing their utilization by the local population and regional economy. The article provides a detailed description of aquifers of various geological ages in the Volyn region, including their occurrence patterns and distribution boundaries. The study examines the specific locations of each aquifer in relation to the geological structure of the area, following a geochronological sequence. Additionally, the article investigates mineralized underground waters, noting that the most prevalent types are chloride-sodium, sulfate, sodium, and hydrogen carbonate-chloride calcium waters. The study focused on the period from 2015 to 2020 to assess the current status of groundwater and identify trends in water resource utilization. The research revealed a consistent increase in the proportion of underground water in overall water usage. Surprisingly, however, the actual volume of water extracted from underground sources has been decreasing. The study examined the dynamics of water usage by various industries. It was determined that the housing and communal sector was the largest consumer of water during the study period, mainly due to the region's limited economic development and correspondingly low water demands from other sectors. Analysis showed that, on average, 25.8% and 21.3% of the total water withdrawals were utilized for industrial and agricultural purposes, respectively. Irrigation and fisheries represented the smallest water-consuming activities, accounting for 9.5% and 6.5%, respectively. Notably, a significant portion of water intake, approximately 13%, was attributed to transportation purposes. To ensure the rational utilization, preservation, and enhancement of groundwater quality, several measures have been recommended. These measures include the implementation of water-saving and waterfree technologies in industrial processes, adopting reversible water usage practices, and upgrading water supply systems to improve efficiency. To safeguard and improve the quality of underground water, it is essential to upgrade treatment facilities in communal enterprises, implement rainwater and sewage treatment systems, promote the responsible use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture, among other practices. These actions aim to optimize water usage, mitigate pollution, and enhance the overall management of groundwater resources. The article represents a significant contribution as it provides a comprehensive description of the characteristics of underground aquifers in relation to the geological structure of the Volyn region. It establishes the distribution boundaries of underground waters of different geological ages within the region, offering valuable insights. The creation of a modern geochronological scale during the research adds further value to the study. The article also sheds light on the utilization of water resources by various economic sectors during the specified period (2015–2020), highlighting important trends. The proposed measures for preserving water resources and improving their quality demonstrate a practical approach. The research findings can serve as a valuable resource for the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Volyn Regional State Administration in their efforts to develop regional environmental programs.

Decent pay for work as one of the important factors of material encouragement of civil servants

The article is devoted to the issue of remuneration of civil servants as one of the important factors of their material encouragement in civil service. The importance of the civil service, the main task of which is to effectively ensure the complex interrelated activities of employees aimed at the development and implementation of state policy and management decisions, the implementation of regulatory and service functions in the interests of society, is noted. It was noted that one of the strategic tasks is the reform of the civil service of Ukraine, one of the directions of which is the remuneration of civil servants. This is emphasized in the State Administration Reform Strategy of Ukraine for 2022-2025, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine order dated July 21, 2021, one of the tasks of which is to carry out a comprehensive reform of the system of payment of civil servants. Therefore, taking into account modern challenges, new theoretical and practical approaches to solving problems related to remuneration, in particular the remuneration of civil servants as one of the important factors of their material stimulation in today's conditions, are proposed. A proposal was made, supporting other researchers in this field, in the process of reforming the remuneration of civil servants to regulate, firstly, the level of the salary of employees of the local, district, regional state administration or the central body of executive power in an equal amount, that is, it should be the same at all levels salary; secondly, additional incentive payments (allowances and bonuses) to civil servants; thirdly, means of motivating civil servants with additional social guarantees (for example, free annual preventive medical examination, sanatorium-resort treatment). It is noted that today the state is already taking certain steps in this direction. Thus, Prime Minister D. Shmyhal predicts the introduction of a new system of payment of civil servants from January 1, 2024. According to him, "the main goal of the civil service pay reform is justice and elimination of abuses. Changes in wages are aimed at reducing disparities and a fair approach to setting the wages of civil servants. The new system will strengthen the role of official salary and help eliminate abuses during the calculation of additional payments and bonuses.”

UKRAINIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR: ECONOMIC CHALLENGES, THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES

Goal. The article is devoted to highlighting the state of Ukrainian entrepreneurship in the conditions of war through the prism of defining economic challenges, threats and opportunities. Method. To achieve the goal of the research, general scientific and special methods of cognition were used. In the work, methods of analysis and synthesis were applied in assessing the state of entrepreneurship in Ukraine; grouping, comparison and generalization when analyzing existing initiatives to support entrepreneurship in wartime; methods of graphical and tabular display of research results. Results. The state of entrepreneurship in Ukraine is defined and the main directions of business entities' activities in the pre-war period are indicated. The consequences of the impact of the war are characterized, in particular, regarding changes in the quantitative composition of active business entities and the results of their work in the conditions of a full-scale war. The main threats and problems of the modern development of entrepreneurship are highlighted. Scientific novelty. Using a systematic approach in evaluating existing initiatives to support Ukrainian entrepreneurship in the conditions of martial law, it is proposed to use a comprehensive approach in finding optimal ways to minimize and overcome existing problems and to determine priority measures for the restoration of business activity of business entities, their adaptation to atypical conditions and effective development in the post-war period. Practical significance. It is noted that a number of separate initiatives at the level of regional state administrations and city councils, which complement state programs, have been developed and implemented to support the development of Ukrainian entrepreneurship in wartime conditions. It was determined that donor support and initiatives of private companies and foundations are no less important in terms of scope and value. In general, entrepreneurship support should be implemented comprehensively, because a quick positive effect can be achieved only by implementing various measures and combining the efforts of individual support groups (state, local, donor and private). In general, it is determined that new programs aimed at supporting the revival of business activity of business entities should stimulate them to implement more innovative and sustainable practices that cover the principles of circular and green economy, reducing the energy intensity of production and promoting cooperation.

ADVANCED TRAINING IN POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW

The article focuses on the need to meet the needs of public sector professionals in acquiring new knowledge and skills through the proposals of educational service providers in the field of vocational training under the legal regime of martial law. It is established that under the legal regime of martial law, postgraduate education institutions providing professional training, in particular, advanced training of public servants, continue to operate fully despite various restrictions on the organization of operational activities. They are free to choose the forms, methods and means of training that correspond to the professional development programs. For most postgraduate education institutions, distance learning became the only available form in the system of professional development of civil servants in 2022. Based on the analysis of the Poltava Regional Center for Professional Development, it can be stated that the number of educational events, groups of participants, and the number of participants in professional training has increased. In 2022, vocational training was mainly provided to local government officials and civil servants of regional and district state (military) administrations, and the number of participants in vocational training decreased compared to the pre-war year. The task of providing professional information and explanatory support on topical issues of public service under martial law was a companion to educational services for postgraduate education institutions. The high quality of educational services of postgraduate education institutions can be ensured by expanding the range of educational services in the field of professional training of officials with the simultaneous introduction of innovative educational technologies, various forms and methods of teaching, and wider involvement of practicing teachers, representatives and experts of civil society institutions. Priority areas of training should be determined by the needs of customers of educational services for professional development.

Management of perinatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine: organizational and legal mechanism

Introduction. The topic of maternity and childhood care is one of the most important in the health care system of Ukraine, given the importance of the issue of the birth of healthy children – the future potential of an independent state. At the beginning of the era of implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, the morbidity and mortality of women during pregnancy and childbirth remained unacceptably high. Most of them could have been prevented. The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic significantly changed the way of life of most people and disrupted the work of specialized health care systems. Therefore, anticipating the possibility of repeated pandemics, it is necessary to analyse the experience of the functioning of the medical field at this stage and justify new approaches to the organization of high-quality medical perinatal care in the conditions of possible repeated outbreaks of infection. Isolation of previously unresolved parts of the general problem. Although there is much published scientific literature on various aspects of the organization of perinatal care, there is almost no literature on how management approaches to women's routine prenatal care have changed and how the system has been reorganized during the pandemic in Ukraine. Results. The effectiveness of Ukrainian health care system, which has historically been built on face-to-face interactions between patients and health care providers, has suffered severely. And it is not only in Ukraine. Healthcare systems of all countries, especially those with limited financial resources, are facing a challenge. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to respiratory pathogens due to physiological changes in the immune and cardiorespiratory systems and may be at increased risk of severe disease. In this regard, it is extremely important to reorganize the system of prenatal visits not only to reduce the possibility of contact of a healthy pregnant woman with infected people, but also to minimize the contact of medical workers with patients who may be infected. International experience shows that during this COVID-19 pandemic, some countries have decided to reduce the number of in-person antenatal visits to only three (for example, Australia) or four (as recommended by the WHO) for low-risk women throughout pregnancy. For Ukraine, a model of prenatal care has also been proposed as a quick response to combating the spread of infection. According to this model, when monitoring a pregnant woman in an outpatient setting, all consultations that do not require testing and ultrasound should be conducted remotely (video consultations or telephone consultations). Pregnant women must be referred to a specialized maternity hospital, designated by the Department of health care of Regional State Administration, to provide assistance to pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection in clearly defined cases. We emphasize: the main conditions for the introduction of such a model in Ukraine are a well-established system of medical services using telemedicine, as well as a well- thought-out information campaign. And the foundations for its implementation are already laid in the branch state policy and legislation. In the event of an epidemic or an outbreak of an infectious disease, the media, regardless of the form of ownership, assist the executive authorities and local self- government bodies in carrying out the necessary explanatory work among the population, regarding the dangers of self-medication. According to the results of our study, conducted based on the Lviv Regional Clinical Perinatal Centre, in which 535 women in labour were interviewed, it was established that 22 percent of the surveyed women took medication for the prevention of COVID-19. Conclusion. Health care facilities should develop plans to minimize exposure to healthy pregnant women while continuing to provide both routine and emergency obstetric care. Telemedicine can play an important role in updating healthcare systems during the outbreak of COVID-19 cases. Even though such digital technologies have existed for decades and are already at the advanced stage of implementation in some areas, they are still minimally studied for obstetric care. Therefore, the following key components are needed to rapidly deploy an antenatal care model in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: 1) a locally approved antenatal care program; 2) a developed algorithm for monitoring pregnant women with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19; 3) provision of equipment and Internet supply to healthcare institutions; 4) staff training; 5) informing the population.

MODERN APPROACHES TO CAESAREAN SECTION AT THE THIRD LEVEL OF PERINATAL CARE

Between 2015 and 2020, the incidence of abdominal delivery in Ukraine increased annually and reached 26.7% of the total number of births in 2021. In Poltava Region, in 2022, the rate of caesarean delivery reached an all-time high of 28.7%. To outline the tendencies in providing quality obstetric care and to identify ways to reduce the frequency of abdominal delivery in the Poltava region, there has been conducted a statistical analysis of the annual reports for the period from 2017 to 2022 obtained from the perinatal centre of the M.V. Sklifosovskyi Poltava Regional Clinical Hospital and reports on medical care for pregnant women, women in labour, newborns and children in the first year of life (forms No. 21 and No. 21-a) from the Health Department of the Poltava Regional State Administration. The data show a notable rise in the percentage of abdominal deliveries in 2022 in hospitals of the first and second levels of perinatal care, with a 4% decrease in the share of caesarean deliveries at the third level hospitals, which primarily deal with patients having severe obstetric and extragenital pathologies. For instance, in 2022, more than one out of four women (25.7%) was reported as having caesarean delivery at the Municipal Clinical Maternity Hospital of Poltava, and one in three women (33.6%) was reported to have surgical delivery at the Kremenchuk Perinatal Centre of the second level. Since 2018, the average rate of caesarean sections performed as the level I obstetric hospitals in Poltava Oblast has been progressively rising and in 2022 reached 23.9% of all surgical interventions in the region. Conversely, in the perinatal centre of the M.V. Sklifosovskyi Poltava Regional Clinical Hospital, the number of abdominal deliveries has been decreasing annually, and in 2022 this figure was 35.8%. Notably, this decrease in abdominal delivery coincided with a reduction in the perinatal mortality rate, which declined from 22.06‰ in 2018 to 14.51‰ in 2022. Thus, the key strategy for reducing the rate of caesarean deliveries in the Poltava region lies in the adherence to regional peculiarities and requirements of perinatal care that entail timely referral of pregnant women at high risk of maternal and infant complications to the third level settings of perinatal care, where the decision regarding caesarean delivery can be appropriately assessed, ensuring a balanced approach that minimizes both the overall incidence of abdominal deliveries and perinatal mortality.

Legal regulation of the activities of local executive government bodies

The formation of a coherent and effective system of state power is the key to the establishment of Ukraine as a democratic, social, legal state. Local bodies of executive power are at the level closest to citizens, and therefore their organization and competence must be appropriate and sufficient to satisfy the public interest. The socio-economic and political state of the country primarily depends on the results of the activities of these bodies. Local state authorities extend their activities to a specific administrative-territorial unit. The main principles of legal regulation of the activities of local executive bodies are determined by Articles 118 and 119 of the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On Local State Administrations». Legal regulation of the activities of local executive bodies is carried out on the basis of subordinate legal acts. Local state administrations in their activities are also guided by the relevant Regulations. Thus, the Regulations of the Lviv Regional State Administration regulate organizational and procedural issues of the internal activity of the regional state administration. The main tasks of structural subdivisions of local state administrations are stipulated by the Regulations on the relevant structural subdivisions. In order to effectively plan activities, local state administrations annually approve the Work Plan for the preparation of draft regulatory acts, the Plan-schedule of activities for the implementation of measures to monitor the effectiveness of adopted regulatory acts. Therefore, the legal regulation of the activities of local executive bodies is provided by the Constitution of Ukraine, and is also carried out at the level of laws and by-laws. At the same time, an important role is played by local legal acts that regulate the organization and planning of the activities of local executive authorities. The activity of local executive bodies acquired special importance during the period of military aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine, which in turn determines the clear and effective legal regulation of their activities.

Assessment of Innovation and Investment Attractiveness of the Western Ukrainian Regional Market of Tourist Services

Abstract Methodological approaches to assessing the level of innovation and investment attractiveness of the Western Ukrainian market of tourist services (WUMTS) substantiated the dependence of WUMTS on investment factors analyzed the level of competitiveness of WUMTS. In order to determine the level of dependence (independence) of WUMTS on investment and innovation factors, a paired linear regression was built for each of the regions (regions) included in the WUMTS, Volyn, Rivne, Lviv, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, Zakarpattia, I. Frankivsk, Chernivtsi). In order to eliminate the disproportionate impact of the size of the impact of tourist services (the so-called effect of scale), the studied absolute indicators were converted into relative (growth rate). To assess the innovation and investment attractiveness of WUMTS, it was decided to apply methodological approaches to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of state and regional policy with further improvement in several groups of indicators, monitoring and evaluation of innovation, investment, and social development of the studied areas. Data, information of central executive bodies, regional state administrations, etc. The assessment of WUMTS development indicators was carried out by calculating the rating for each area and the overall rating for all areas. The rating assessment was performed by comparing the deviations of the values of indicators for each specific region under the conditions of the best values for the relevant (reporting) period and the corresponding ranking of regions from 1st to 8th position. As a result of calculations, the integrated rating was determined as the arithmetic means of the sum of ratings in all areas using the formula. The competitiveness of regional tourism markets should be assessed comprehensively, where two groups of indicators should be used to determine the competitiveness of an individual region: indicators of the tourism market and indicators of development of the region as a whole.

Shiftwork sleep disorder and associated factors among nurses working at public hospitals in Harari Regional state and Dire Dawa Administration, Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundShiftwork sleep disorder is one of the most common health-related effects of Shiftwork, particularly among healthcare workers. It is a chronic condition that is directly related to a person’s work schedule. In Ethiopia, although a mental health strategy is in place, little attention is given to studies that focus on shiftwork sleep disorders among nurses. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of shiftwork sleep disorder and associated factors among nurses working at public hospitals in Harari Regional State and the Dire Dawa Administration.MethodsInstitutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1–30, 2021 among 392 nurses selected by a simple random sampling technique. A structured interviewer-guided self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders 3rd edition (ICSD-3), Bargen Insomnia Scale (BIS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to assess shift-work sleep disorder. The data were entered into EpiData and exported to SPSS for analysis. Bivariable logistic regression was used to see the association between the outcome and the explanatory variables. Bivariate and Multivariate analyses were performed, and AOR with 95% CI was used to measure the strength of the association. Those variables with a p-values of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.ResultsIn this study, the magnitude of shiftwork sleep disorder among nurses was 30.4% (95% CI: 25.4–34.5). Being female (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.2), working an average number of nights > 11 per month in the last 12 months (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.8), and khat use in the last 12 months (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI: 2.9, 8.7) were significantly associated with the shiftwork sleep disorder.ConclusionsThe study revealed that about one-third of the nurses had a shiftwork sleep disorder implying a high burden of the problem among nurses in the study setting, which endangers nurses, patients, and the healthcare system. Being female, working an average number of nights > 11 per month in the last 12 months, and khat use showed statistically significantly associated with the shiftwork sleep disorder. Early detection of shiftwork sleep disorder, having a policy on khat use and considering rest/recovery while scheduling work time should be addressed to prevent shiftwork sleep disorder.