Regional Solid Waste Research Articles

Understanding driving forces of food waste separation intention to enhance regional and local solid waste planning: application of PLS-SEM and multi-group analysis

This study extended the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and applied it to analyse influencing factors of food waste separation intention (FSI) among households in central Vietnam. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the data. The heterogeneity of factors contributing to FSI in cities of three levels was examined using multi-group analysis (MGA). The results indicate that attitudes, subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC), awareness of benefit (AB), information publicity (IP), facility availability (FA), and trust significantly affected FSI of households. MGA results indicated the heterogeneity of impacts of PBC and attitude on FSI of households among three municipal levels. The results will serve as basic data for waste officers, solid-waste management project leaders, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and other related stakeholders to lay the foundation of food waste management planning in terms of regional scale and local scale. This study will also aid the creation of a circular economy by providing a scientific base for enhancing food waste separation at source in central Vietnam.

Release potential, neglected leakage and reduction countermeasures of COD and Ammonia in MSWLs

In order to eliminate the impact of the industrial revolution on the environment and improve the water ecological environment, pollutant discharge reduction is imperative. With the acceleration of global discharge reduction process, the huge pollutant release potential and potential environmental effects of municipal solid waste landfills gradually appear, but its release amount and intensity have not been quantitatively revealed. We propose a coupling method of parameter stochastic simulation and physical process model simulation to estimate the hidden leakage of large-scale regional municipal solid waste landfills, and provide a methodology for estimating the hidden leakage of landfills in other countries and even in the whole world by taking China, which has the largest amount of waste generation among developing countries, as an example. Prior to the implementation of stringent construction quality control and assurance management requirements, the average annual leachate generation potential over the entire life cycle of 2600 landfills in China was estimated to be 4.66 × 108 m3, in which the concentrations of COD and NH3-N are 5.38 × 102–6.48 × 104 mg/L and 6.10–3.50 × 103 mg/L, respectively, and the total amounts are 5.21 × 103–7.81 × 108 t and 8.09 × 102–6.65 × 107 t, respectively. About 14 % of these pollutants may leak into the environmental media through the landfill liner with the average number of holes of 21.5/ha. For different regions, the overall release, discharge and leakage of COD and NH3-N in East China account for 35.70 %, 36.68 % and 29.60 % respectively, making it the region with the highest potential for discharge and risk of leakage. Meanwhile, the implementation of mandatory regulations related to leachate generation and control has led to a significant reduction in the leakage of pollutants. For instance, comprehensively detecting and repair of holes in the impermeable liner has reduced the number of holes to 2/ha, resulting in a reduction of >90 % in the leakage of pollutants.

Public administration of domestic solid waste management as a direction for the protection of consumer rights

The scientific article is devoted to the public administration of solid household waste management as a direction of consumer rights protection. Attention was drawn to the positive aspects of public administration regarding the management of solid household waste as a means of protecting consumer rights (for example, in the Dnipropetrovsk region): the existence of the National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine until 2030; availability of a regulatory and legislative framework in the field of management and handling of solid household waste; availability of "Methodical recommendations for the development of regional waste management plans”; existence of a solid household waste management program in the Dnipropetrovsk region for 2022-2024; positive experience of the EU and other developed countries in the field of effective management and handling of solid household waste; the presence of a solid household waste collection and disposal system; availability of municipal solid waste landfills; availability of enterprises for processing, processing and disposal of hazardous components of solid household waste; initiation of elements of separate collection of solid household waste; gradual formation of awareness among the population regarding the need to separate resource-valuable components from the general flow of solid household waste.
 It was concluded that the problematic issues in public administration regarding the handling of solid household waste as a direction of consumer rights protection (for example, in the Dnipropetrovsk region): the tendency to increase the scale of generation and accumulation of solid household waste; lack of a systematic approach to creating effective management and handling of solid household waste; insufficient funding of solid waste management and management; low level of implementation of previous regional solid waste management and handling programs; low level of utilization of resource-valuable components of solid household waste; lack of waste transfer stations and waste processing enterprises, etc.

Safety risk assessment of sustainable construction based on projection pursuit model optimized by multi-intelligent algorithm: a case study of new chemical projects.

With the rapid development of urban and social economies, the safety accidents in the construction process of the new chemical plant have caused huge losses to the city. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risks in the construction process of chemical projects and propose preventive measures. A novel risk assessment model based on multi-intelligence algorithm optimization projection pursuit was developed to assess the construction safety risk and determine the risk level. In this model, the best-worst method and the entropy weight method were used as subjective and objective evaluation methods, respectively. The theory based on the idea of the distance function was applied to the model to calculate the combined weight value. The results showed that the three evaluation objects with the highest risk value were the air compression station plant, regional control room, and hazardous and solid waste temporary repository. The risk values of these three buildings were 2.2557, 2.2160, and 2.1654, respectively, and the corresponding risk level was high. On-site safety managers should take immediate measures in these high-risk buildings to reduce the possibility of accidents. This study is a new attempt to consider the construction safety risk of the new chemical project.

Development of a regional solid waste management framework and its application to a prairie province in central Canada

• Waste collection and landfill siting are concurrently optimized at regional level. • Two original performance indicators, ACC and LMI, are proposed and implemented. • Road length is one of the most important optimization parameters in Saskatchewan. • Divisions that share provincial or international borders generally optimized better. • Indigenous communities in border sharing divisions need better landfill siting plan. Landfilling continues to be one of the most popular waste treatment methods in Canada or abroad. NIMBYism has forced waste facilities to be sited further from populated centers, meaning that increases in waste management efficiency result in considerable cost savings. Concurrent optimization of waste collection and disposal siting on a regional scale is of practical importance. This study combines collection route optimization and landfill siting using GIS methods to design a regional waste management system in Saskatchewan, Canada. Two original performance indicators are proposed based on route optimization and landfill siting, namely the accessibility (ACC) and Landfill Minimization Index (LMI). The result suggest that the accessibility was able to be improved by between 15.4 and 794.7%, and the optimization methods was always effective in providing higher resident accessibility. Improvements in the LMI yielded less improvement, ranging from -13.9% to +422.2%. Correlation analysis showed that road length is a key optimization parameter. This finding is important to Indigenous communities who suffer from a lack of intensified road network. Divisions that share provincial or international borders generally have higher improvements in ACC and LMI. Strategic placement of landfills and road networks are key to improve waste management system efficiency in Saskatchewan.

Increasing Importance of Risk Management in the Context of Solid Waste Sphere Reforming in Russian Regions

This article analyzes the risk factors influencing the achievement of solid waste sphere reforming goals in Russia. The given arguments present the current state of the reform as not very effective from an economic, environmental, and social perspective. The authors identify four groups of risk factors and put forward, as a critical condition for successful reform, the availability of reliable information, as well as risk management incorporated in the decision-making process. The basis for the research execution was the information from the regional solid waste sphere Master Plans and expert opinions on the readiness to achieve the reform goal regarding 100% MSW sorting based on the staff performance, public awareness, technology availability, and tariff validity assessments. The authors use a decision tree method and MSW sorting system development scenarios to provide the pessimistic and optimistic evaluation on the potential for fulfilling the reform tasks. The conclusions indicate the unattainability of the goals set by the Russian authorities for MSW sorting by 2030. The authors propose to change the status of risk factors through the implementation of certain measures for the transition from a negative to a positive scenario of reforming and to set the realistic goals for MSW sorting in Russia.

Проблемы учета экологической и экономической эффективности при моделировании сферы обращения с твердыми коммунальными отходами

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of instrumental approaches to modeling of the municipal solid waste management system. A main purpose of the study is to develop a concept for joint accounting of the economic and environmental efficiency of the functioning of the municipal solid waste management system in the construction of economic and mathematical models. The generalization of world experience allows us to identify the insufficient elaboration of these issues. It allows also to determine the degree of limitations of existing approaches for the purposes of applied modeling of this area, as well as to identify their main strengths and weaknesses. In order to overcome these problems, a conceptual model of the functioning of the regional municipal solid waste management system has been developed, based on the synthesis of intersectoral and agency approaches. It is shown that it is promising for the further development of existing approaches to economic and mathematical modeling of this area in the direction of a more complete and simultaneous consideration of these aspects of efficiency, behavioral features and the main interrelationships of economic entities, as well as measures of state environmental policy.

SITE SELECTION FOR REGIONAL SOLID WASTE FINAL DISPOSAL IN BANGKA ISLAND BASED ON GEOGRAPHY INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

The availability of an adequate final disposal a necessity for an area. The waste processing process consists of the stages of transportation, management, final disposal to waste utilization. Waste management in urban areas requires a final disposal that must meet environmental feasibility standards. Problems encountered in the current waste management at the capital city of Bangka Belitung Province, final disposal Parit 6 was already overloaded and still uses the Open Dumping method, and there are limitations in the availability of urban land. The purpose of this study was to selection for the regional solid waste final disposal (RSWFD) in accordance with the characteristics of the local location and the directions in the Spatial Plans of the Province of Bangka Belitung. The method used is a quantitative analysis method by calculating the need for the land area of the waste landfill based on population projections and waste generation. And the model used by the Geography Information System (GIS) in the form of ArcGIS 10.5 is overlaid using parameters based on (SNI 03- 3241-1994). The final result of the research is a recommendation for a RSWFD location for Bangka Island in accordance with the needs, feasibility and availability of existing land.

The activities of regional municipal solid waste operators in modern conditions

The research involves analysis of the macroeconomic indicators of the activities of regional solid municipal waste operator in the Lipetsk region, identifying the most attractive areas for operating as a regional solid municipal waste operator developing proposals to improve the financial condition of one of the regional operators on the example of LLC RMK. The authors compare and analyze the economic parameters of the activities of regional solid municipal waste operators in the Lipetsk region. The main reasons for the decrease in the profitability of regional solid municipal waste operators are identified, the main tasks of reforming the waste management sector in the Russian Federation are formulated, measures are proposed to increase the financial stability and economic attractiveness of the regional operator.

Case Study : Large Scale Regional Solid Waste Management and The Responsibilities of Municipalities (Judgement of Fukui District Court Dated September 27,2017).

Case Study : Large Scale Regional Solid Waste Management and The Responsibilities of Municipalities (Judgement of Fukui District Court Dated September 27,2017).

An improved procedure to implement NSGA-III in coordinate waste management for urban agglomeration

With the growth of urbanization in countries globally, large cities have often formed clusters of urban agglomerations in metropolitan areas. The coordinated management of regional solid waste produced by such urban agglomeration poses a typical high-dimensional, multi-objective optimization issue. This paper aims to introduce a procedure to implement the third-generation genetic algorithm (NSGA-III), an established multi-objective genetic algorithm based on non-dominated sorting mechanisms, for the purpose of evaluating environmental and economic benefits simultaneously while seeking the optimal solutions for coordinated management among multiple recycling centres. In this study, two series of scenarios were abstracted from scrap tire recycling, representing linear calculation and nonlinear calculation cases separately. Several improvements were made to the originally published NSGA-III procedure that solve the problem of non-convergence for hypervolumes of the output. Through comparisons of calculation results, an improved procedure is suggested and shown to have improved performance.

Implementation of Circular Economy Principles in Regional Solid Municipal Waste Management: The Case of Sverdlovskaya Oblast (Russian Federation)

The circular economy entails the principles of rational waste management to the best advantage. Waste management in the Russian Federation is currently in a reform process, thus it is crucial to choose now the most efficient way for its development. Besides, in addition to general government strategic aims in such a vast country such as Russia, it is very important to take into consideration specific aspects typical of its territories, which will allow determining regional areas of activities. The article analyzes current municipal solid waste management in the Russian Federation. The case study is of one of the regions (Sverdlovskaya Oblast) characterized by some typical and specific problems which illustrate the results of the first stage of reforming. The authors analyzed the existing and planned mechanisms of state regulation in the waste management sector at regional and federal levels, and scrutinized changes in legislation. The development level of the circular economy in the region was determined on the basis of the index method. The life cycle analysis (LCA)-based evaluation approach made it possible to evaluate the economic efficiency of the production and economic activities at different stages of municipal solid waste (waste paper) recycling with due regard to externalities. The research showed that despite the current substantial economic potential of the secondary resources’ (waste paper) reuse, there was a low level of development of the circular economy index. Regional factors hindering and fostering the circular economy development were identified. Recommendations for improving the quality of governance of the municipal solid waste management were formulated.

A STUDY ON ENERGY PRODUCTION AND GHG MITIGATION POTENTIAL FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE OF EDİRNE

Solid waste originated problems are one of the major environmental problems in Turkey. The Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning in The Republic of Turkey foresees a solution with the Regional Solid Waste Disposal Facilities over the associations that will be formed by more than one municipality. In this context, Edirne Solid Waste Management Association (EDİKAB) was established in order to realize waste management at regional level. In this study, the application example of EDİKAB solid waste disposal plant is evaluated. The amount of waste to be collected for the years 2020 and 2045 in the region is calculated as 94,665 tons/year and 274,497 tons/ year, respectively. Solid wastes to be disposed of are classified as packing wastes to be recovered, organic wastes to be composted and wastes to be landfilled. Packaging waste will be collected separately, classified and baled in sorting plant. Landfill gas production is calculated 3.8 million m3/year and 15 million m3/year for 2020 and 2045, respectively. EDİKAB case study represents up to 90% of GHG emission reduction can be achievable in case of converting LFG into electricity, by producing 7288; 13384 and 28673 MWh cumulative electricity from 2016 to 2020, 2030 and 2045, respectively.

Formulating a Policy for Developing Regional Solid Waste Final Disposal Installation in East Java Province

Solid Waste Final Disposal Installation is capital for urban area. Meanwhile, cities, in general, do not have enough space to build Final Disposal Installation. They need to collaborate with the neighboring district. Such collaboration does not always run well. Therefore, provincial government needs to participate in it by developing Regional Final Disposal Installation to be used together. A policy, for developing this, need to be formulated. A special method, Step by Step Highest Solution Reduction by Needs and Constraints, has been used to formulate the policy. The main policy formulation for developing Regional Solid Waste Final Disposal Installation consists of several following lines : to develop Regional Final Disposal Installation for all cities step by step in function of the city needs; to develop incineration type final disposal step by step in function on the financial disponibility; to push the rich cities to develop solid waste incineration step by step; to push implementation of 3R techniques starting from intermediate disposal installation step by step; to forbid the utilization of open truck for transporting domestic solid waste from intermediate disposal to final disposal step by step; to maintain the existing city sanitary landfill final disposal and transforming it into incineration installation step by step; to promote facilitiies installation made by Indonesian industry, to develop a good institutional arrangement for the Regional Final Disposal Installation.

CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF VIETNAM

The Central Highlands of Viet Nam has a large area of 56,638.44 km2 and is characterized by owning different types of topography, a thin population density (95 people/km2), a limited literacy level but rather high economic growth rates (average of 12.84 %/year for the last few years). Besides, the municipal model for solid waste management (SWM) currently practiced in the Central Highlands appears to be ineffective due to, among other reasons, the limited capability of solid waste collection and transportation in the rural areas. Results of this study show rather poor collection rates in the region, ranging from 25.8 % in Dak Nong to 77.6 % as highest in Lam Dong. These figures have obviously not met the targets set for 2015 as required by the “Vietnam National Strategy for Integrated SWM till 2025, with a vision to 2050”. Based on the characteristics of natural environment, socio-economic and local culture values of the study area, a combination of regional SWM and ecological modernization theory (EMT) has been analyzed in this research. As a result, this study points out the way for improving the current SWM in the Central Highlands by, among other measures, rerouting the regional solid waste collection and transportation; Last but not least, the study concludes that in order to improve HDI in the Central Highlands to the average nationwide value of 0.753, it is unrealistic to be based only on GDP growth. Instead, however, it could be realistic if IGDP increases at only 2 - 3 % with an increase of Ieducation and Ilife time at about 5 %.

Modeling and prediction of regional municipal solid waste generation and diversion in Canada using machine learning approaches

The main objective of this study was to develop models for accurate prediction of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and diversion based on demographic and socio-economic variables, with planned application of generating Canada-wide MSW inventories. Models were generated by mapping residential MSW quantities with socio-economic and demographic parameters of 220 municipalities in the province of Ontario, Canada. Two machine learning algorithms, namely decision trees and neural networks, were applied to build the models. Socio-economic variables were derived from Canadian Census data at regional and municipal levels. A data pre-processing and integration framework was developed in Matlab® computing software to generate datasets with sufficient data quantity and quality for modeling. Results showed that machine learning algorithms can be successfully used to generate waste models with good prediction performance. Neural network models had the best performance, describing 72% of variation in the data. The approach proposed in this study demonstrates the feasibility of creating tools that helps in regional waste planning by means of sourcing, pre-processing, integrating and modeling of publically available data from various sources.

Preremedial assessment of the municipal landfill pollution impact on soil and shallow groundwater in Subotica, Serbia

Most regional municipal solid waste landfills in Serbia are operated without control of landfill leachate and gas or with no regard for implementation of national and European legislation. For the first time in Serbia, groundwater and soil at a landfill were subject to systematic annual monitoring according to national, European legislation and adopted methodologies. Characterisation of the groundwater and soil samples from the landfill included ten metals (Fe, Mn, As, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu and Hg), 16 EPA PAHs, nutrients and certain physicochemical parameters, in order to assess the risks such poorly controlled landfills pose to the environment. This impact assessment was performed using specially adapted pollution indices: LWPI, the Single factor pollution index and the Nemerow index for groundwater, and geo-accumulation index, ecological risk factor and selected rations of PAHs for soil. The data analysis included multivariate statistical methods (factor analysis of principal component analysis (PCA/FA)) in order to assess the extent of the contaminants detected in the groundwater and soil samples.The pollution indices (LWPI: 3.56–8.89; Nemerow index: 2.02–3.78) indicate the quality of the groundwater at the landfill is degrading over time, with PAH16, TOC, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn as the substances of greatest concern. Heavy metals Hg (Igeo≤3.14), Pb (Igeo≤2.22), Cr (Igeo≤3.31) and Cu (Igeo≤2.16) represent the worst soil contamination. Hg has moderate (52.9) to very high (530.0) potential ecological risk, demonstrating the long-term potential effects of bioaccumulation and biomagnification.The results of this work indicate that Cr and Cu should possibly be added to the EU Watch List of emerging substances. This proposition is substantiated by relevant state and alike environmental information from nations in the region. This study demonstrates the need to develop a model for prioritization of landfill closure and remediation based on environmental risk assessment.

Indonesia municiple solid waste life cycle and environmental monitoring: current situation, before and future challenges

Indonesia municiple solid waste life cycle and environmental monitoring: current situation, before and future challenges

Long-term monitoring of trace metals in PM10 and total gaseous mercury in the atmosphere of Porto, Portugal

As part of a monitoring programme conducted by the Institute of Environment and Development (IDAD) and supported by the regional municipal solid waste (MSW) management authorities, an extensive database of trace metals (TMs) concentrations in ambient air was collected in two sites, Leça do Balio (LB) and Vila Nova da Telha (VNT), located in Porto's metropolitan area, north of Portugal. Since 2004, concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Hg, Ni and Zn were measured in PM10. In addition, total gaseous mercury (TGM) was monitored since 2008. These measurements were used to assess long-term trends of concentrations. Statistical analysis was used to search for the possible origin of the TMs.During the monitoring period, the mean TMs concentrations followed the order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Mn > Cr > Ni > As ≈ Hg > Cd, and have not exceeded the current air quality guidelines values. Concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Mn, and Hg have slightly decreased during the measurement period despite already being at historically low levels. The concentrations range of Zn, Cd, Pb and As suggests a seasonal variability for these elements in ambient air, for both sites. Average TGM levels were 1.93 and 1.35 ng m−3, for LB and VNT respectively. In terms of seasonality, a statistical difference was found in TGM concentrations between winter and summer for LB. A daily pattern was also observed in TGM with minimum concentrations during the night and early morning.

An enhanced fuzzy robust optimization model for regional solid waste management under uncertainty

In this study, an enhanced fuzzy robust optimization (EFRO) model is proposed for supporting regional solid waste management under uncertainty. This model is an extended version of robust optimization from a stochastic to a fuzzy environment, and novel in the following two aspects: (1) it uses multiple algorithms to tackle fuzzy constraints according to their characteristics; and (2) it incorporates fuzzy violation variables into the model, which could effectively reflect the trade-off between system economy and reliability. The regional waste management of the City of Dalian, China, was used as a case study for demonstration. A variety of solutions was obtained under various weight coefficients and confidence levels. From the case study, it was found that EFRO could help decision makers to design desired waste management alternatives under complex uncertainties. The successful application of EFRO in the studied real case is expected to be a good example for solid waste management in many other cities.