Regional Projects Research Articles

THE ROLE OF NORDISM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES

The article examines and analyzes the main conceptual foundations of the development of political Nordism and its influence on the formation of the political culture of the Scandinavian countries. The categorical-conceptual apparatus of the study of the problems of the formation of political Nordism is concretized, in particular, the dialectic of development in the modern political process is clarified and the existing approaches of foreign and domestic researchers to the assessment of this phenomenon and its influence on modern political processes in the Scandinavian countries are summarized. Paying comprehensive attention to the analysis of the phenomenon that preceded Nordism, namely the term Scandinavism, which refers to the implementation of regional cooperation projects at the civil, administrative, and cultural levels in the countries of Northern Europe. Analyzing this aspect of the history of regional relations between these countries, we identify the special factors that distinguish the phenomenon of "Scandinavism" and "Nordism" from other forms of regional cooperation in Europe in the second half of the 20th century. All this is traced in the firmly formed and functioning practice of "Nordic cooperation" in the political life of the population of the Northern of Europe. Along with this, the disclosure of the theme of "Nordism" contributes to the refutation of the idea that northern cooperation did not exist or was extremely insignificant before the appearance of the Northern Council. One of the main factors in the formation and effective development of political Nordicism is the absence of certain essential factors that strongly oppose the formation of this phenomenon, which makes it interesting in the global context. Our analysis leads us to believe that all these features are the result that distinguish the Nordic model of cooperation from the global trend of the relationship between political culture and national identity. The model of cooperation envisaged by Nordism went far beyond the scope of simple Scandinavism, in fact it was a modernization and revision of all previously formed postulates of cooperation, which in turn brought considerable progress and gains in the development of the political culture of the Scandinavian region. Let's look at this assumption in more detail and give it great validity.

Methodology for assessing the efficiency of public financing of national projects on the basis of cluster analysis

Subject. Increased external challenges and threats slow down the growth rate of gross domestic product as a basic source of financial resources for the development of the State. The key to improving the living standards is to enhance the mechanism of capital redistribution within national projects implementation, given the need for balance and existing imbalances in the development of Russian regions. Objectives. The aim of the study is to develop methodological tools for assessing the effectiveness of State financing of national projects, based on cluster analysis as a modern tool to identifying groups of regions according to specified variables, which include targets and financial indicators for national projects implementation. Methods. We applied methods of cluster analysis and mathematical statistics, to form groups of Russian regions with different levels of socio-economic efficiency and financial risks of national projects execution. To divide regions into clusters, considering their internal homogeneity and external heterogeneity, we developed indices of centralization of financing and achievement of targets of national projects, which were used as variables. Results. The offered methodology contributes to the development of scientific approaches to financial analysis and forecasting in the field of socio-economic development of Russian regions and the country as a whole. Its practical implementation enables to assess the likelihood of successful implementation of national projects in Russian regions and shape a flexible State policy for financing national projects. Conclusions. The study confirmed prospects for using cluster analysis to assess the effectiveness of State financing of national projects and established that the amount of financing of national projects is not a determining factor in the effectiveness of their implementation.

Construction and application of urban water system connectivity evaluation index system based on PSR-AHP-Fuzzy evaluation method coupling

The connectivity of urban water systems can enhance the connectivity of regional rivers, lakes, and water systems, which can improve the regional water environment and water ecology to a certain extent, and enhance the water disaster prevention capability. To scientifically evaluate the effect of water system connectivity in the comprehensive urban water system management project. In this study, a regional waterlogging model based on the coupling of ArcGis and SWMM is established. At the same time, the evaluation index system of water system connectivity effect of regional town water system comprehensive management project was constructed regarding PSR (“Pressure-Status-Response”) theory with structural connectivity, hydraulic connectivity and ecological and environmental improvement as the criteria, and the fuzzy evaluation method was used for analysis and evaluation. The results show that the improvement in the water environment is obvious after the water system is connected. The total length and area of rivers in the study area increased by 68.98% and 57.51%, respectively. River network density increased from 0.66 km/km2 to 0.69 km/km2, an increase of 4.55%; the regional water surface rate increased from 2.22% to 3.51%, an increase of 58.11%; the river frequency increased from 0.15/km2 to 0.29/km2, an increase of 93.33%. The water exchange capacity increased by 37.5% and the flow rate increased by 30%. All water systems have a better degree of connectivity and a better structure of river network water system. The decay rate of point source pollution increased by 40.61%, the water quality of rivers reached V standard, and the area covered by green areas increased to 32.29%. The evaluation grade of hydraulic characteristics and ecological environment indexes was “excellent”. The total evaluation set D=[0.5417,0.0791,0.2125,0] for the effect of water system connection in the study area. According to the principle of maximum affiliation, the improvement effect of the water system connection project in the study area is “excellent”.

Project Tooth Fairy: a pan-London initiative from conception to delivery to patient-reported experience measures

Pressure on paediatric dental general anaesthetic (GA) waiting lists has recently been at its highest, further compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic. Project Tooth Fairy (PTF), a pan-London collaborative project, was conceived in response to this backlog. A dedicated day case GA suite was established within The Royal London Dental Hospital (Barts Health NHS Trust) for use by multiple trusts to enhance elective recovery.Over ten months, 895 patients were treated and discharged by PTF, averaging 101 patients per month. The majority required simple exodontia and comprehensive care and some patients were treated for surgery related to orthodontic treatment. Patient-reported experience measures highlighted an overall positive experience and appreciation for the service.Several governance domains were considered in the service development, including risk management, workforce recruitment and information governance. Training opportunities have arisen for team members to develop their skills. Patient-reported experience measures have guided the provision of service focusing on paediatric dentistry and paediatric GA.PTF has demonstrated the creation of a service centred around collaboration to successfully reduce GA waiting lists and therefore improving patient outcomes. The development of this service can be used as a template for the establishment of similar regional collaborative projects.

SE Asia as part of Gondwana: a 1960s regional mapping project over Southern Thailand that lay behind the hypothesis

Abstract In the 1960s, anticipating the award of concessions in the Gulf of Thailand, BP carried out reconnaissance geological mapping over all of Southern Thailand including its Gulf islands. The resulting eight geological maps at 1:250 000 scale provided a database that underpinned discussions of Thailand's place in global plate-tectonic reconstructions that were emerging at that time. In particular, new light was thrown on the Paleozoic succession, and important differences were found between the Upper Thai Peninsula and the Lower Peninsula (respectively, NW and SE of the prominent bend in the peninsula's outline). The Phuket Group of the Upper Peninsula is a very thick diamictite-bearing succession of possible Devonian to Early Permian age, apparently sourced in the west, a region now occupied by the Indian Ocean. That in turn suggested a possible Gondwana origin for SE Asia, a contentious concept at the time, but one that is now widely accepted. The emphasis of field mapping these days is on obtaining detailed data that necessarily means over areas of limited extent. But a very broad regional mapping project such as BP's in Thailand revealed stratigraphic and tectonic insights that could be revealed only from a wide-ranging regional study of this kind.

Effects of Land Use/Cover and Meteorological Changes on Regional Climate under Different SSP-RCP Scenarios: A Case Study in Zhengzhou, China

To better understand the possible role of projected land use and cover change (LUCC) in future regional climate projections, we explored the regional climate change response from land use/cover change under different climate scenarios. To do so, we propose a research framework based on different SSP-RCPs to simulate and explore the impacts of future land use/cover changes on the future climate of Zhengzhou City, China, using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with land use/cover and meteorological data under different SSP-RCP scenarios based on CMIP6. Two scenarios, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, were compared and analyzed by simulating changes in future climate factors of temperature at 2 m height above ground(T2) and precipitation. The results show that T2 is higher for all 4 months by the year 2060 compared to that in the year 2030. Furthermore, a comparison of the abovementioned years showed that the mean temperatures of January and July were higher than those of SSP2-4.5 under the SSP5-8.5 scenario in both years, but in 2030, the mean T2 of April and October were lower than those of SSP2-4.5 under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. In terms of precipitation, both scenarios have no significant precipitation in July in 2030 and 2060, but there is an unusual increase in January and October.

Energy justice in the context of green extractivism: Perpetuating ontological and epistemological violence in the Yucatan Peninsula

As the world gets warmer, the deployment of low-carbon infrastructure is seen as the cornerstone to mitigate the pressures created by fossil capitalism, prompting questions over what constitutes a 'just' energy transition. This has simultaneously broadened the discussion over what are the social justice and colonial legacies embedded in the infrastructural, technological and material composition of energy systems. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with different actors, this article looks at the deployment of low carbon infrastructure in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, as the colonial legacies, politics and power relations embedded in energy systems interact with the construction of the so-called "Maya Train", a regional integration project seeking to interconnect the southeast of Mexico. It asks the question: can we speak of energy justice in a context of total extraction? Drawing on the literature of green extractivism, it argues that as long as energy justice is linked to a Westernized conception of modernity and development it risks reproducing injustices instead of solving them. The article suggests that political ecology must pay closer attention to emancipatory struggles in defense of the territory as they move away from a universal definition of energy justice. 

Assessing the land-use harmonization (LUH) 2 dataset in Central Asia for regional climate model projection

Although the land-use harmonization (LUH) datasets have been widely applied in regional climate model (RCM) projections for investigating the role of the land-use forcing in future climate changes, few studies have thoroughly assessed them on local scale, which may bring large uncertainties in the resultant climate information for designing adaption and mitigation measures of climate change. The authors use a local land-use dataset (referred to as Li-LU) as the benchmark to assess the latest version of the LUH datasets, LUH2, in Central Asia (CA) which has undergone extensive land-use changes (LUCs) and might undergo extensive LUCs in the future. The results show that LUH2 has large biases in depicting the historical land-use states in CA for 1995–2015. For instance, the area of grassland (cropland) in LUH2 is about 1.4–1.5 (0.4–0.5) times of that of Li-LU. Moreover, the future LUCs predicted by LUH2 for 2045 (relative to 2005) are much smaller than those of Li-LU and these two datasets generally have opposite signals in changes. In addition, the predicted LUCs of LUH2 do not follow the causal mechanisms [the causal connections between the key drivers (e.g. population, economy, and environment) and land use] behind the LUCs in the past. If the future scenario of LUH2 is used for RCM projection in CA with the historical land-use information from Li-LU, the simulation results could be misleading for understanding the impacts of LUCs on future climate changes there. This study suggests that the LUH datasets should be carefully assessed before using them for regional studies and provides practical notes for selecting the appropriate land-use dataset for RCM projections in other areas around the world.

Heat Waves: Physical Understanding and Scientific Challenges

AbstractHeat waves (HWs) can cause large socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The observed increases in their frequency, intensity and duration are projected to continue with global warming. This review synthesizes the state of knowledge and scientific challenges. It discusses different aspects related to the definition, triggering mechanisms, observed changes and future projections of HWs, as well as emerging research lines on subseasonal forecasts and specific types of HWs. We also identify gaps that limit progress and delineate priorities for future research. Overall, the physical drivers of HWs are not well understood, partly due to difficulties in the quantification of their interactions and responses to climate change. Influential factors convey processes at different spatio‐temporal scales, from global warming and the large‐scale atmospheric circulation to regional and local factors in the affected area and upwind regions. Although some thermodynamic processes have been identified, there is a lack of understanding of dynamical aspects, regional forcings and feedbacks, and their future changes. This hampers the attribution of regional trends and individual events, and reduces the ability to provide accurate forecasts and regional projections. Sustained observational networks, models of diverse complexity, narrative‐based methodological approaches and artificial intelligence offer new opportunities toward process‐based understanding and interdisciplinary research.

Opening Pandora's box: reducing global circulation model uncertainty in Australian simulations of the carbon cycle

Abstract. Climate projections from global circulation models (GCMs), part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6), are often employed to study the impact of future climate on ecosystems. However, especially at regional scales, climate projections display large biases in key forcing variables such as temperature and precipitation. These biases have been identified as a major source of uncertainty in carbon cycle projections, hampering predictive capacity. In this study, we open the proverbial Pandora's box and peer under the lid of strategies to tackle climate model ensemble uncertainty. We employ a dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS) and force it with raw output from CMIP6 to assess the uncertainty associated with the choice of climate forcing. We then test different methods to either bias-correct or calculate ensemble averages over the original forcing data to reduce the climate-driven uncertainty in the regional projection of the Australian carbon cycle. We find that all bias correction methods reduce the bias of continental averages of steady-state carbon variables. Bias correction can improve model carbon outputs, but carbon pools are insensitive to the type of bias correction method applied for both individual GCMs and the arithmetic ensemble average across all corrected models. None of the bias correction methods consistently improve the change in simulated carbon over time compared to the target dataset, highlighting the need to account for temporal properties in correction or ensemble-averaging methods. Multivariate bias correction methods tend to reduce the uncertainty more than univariate approaches, although the overall magnitude is similar. Even after correcting the bias in the meteorological forcing dataset, the simulated vegetation distribution presents different patterns when different GCMs are used to drive LPJ-GUESS. Additionally, we found that both the weighted ensemble-averaging and random forest approach reduce the bias in total ecosystem carbon to almost zero, clearly outperforming the arithmetic ensemble-averaging method. The random forest approach also produces the results closest to the target dataset for the change in the total carbon pool, seasonal carbon fluxes, emphasizing that machine learning approaches are promising tools for future studies. This highlights that, where possible, an arithmetic ensemble average should be avoided. However, potential target datasets that would facilitate the application of machine learning approaches, i.e., that cover both the spatial and temporal domain required to derive a robust informed ensemble average, are sparse for ecosystem variables.

Climate Change and Its Impacts on Biodiversity in Mexico

During the last 150 years, the increase in the average temperature of the atmosphere and oceans has been documented due to the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, excess production and reduced capacity to capture pollution. The consequences have been radical changes in the distribution of ecosystems and species, rise in sea level, disappearance of glaciers and corals, unpredictable and extreme climates such as droughts and storms. Climate change affects all organisms on the planet, many of them are already responding to this new dynamic through changes in their distribution and migrations. All these factors are the product of human activities and their social, economic and political causes. The effects of human activities, which were previously small-scale, have turned into large-scale events, affecting the climate of the entire planet. Climate change has become one of the main threats to biodiversity. In Mexico, a large number of endemic species of highly restricted distribution are susceptible to be affected by the indicated factors.
 Aims: The objective of this study is to present a set of regional projections of temperature, rainfall, humidity and drought index for Mexico under the IPCC AR6 climate change scenarios, and to evaluate their impact on biodiversity in Mexico by the end of the century.
 Methodology and Results: Regional models for Mexico show temperature increases between 0.5 to 5°C, while % precipitation will range from -20.3 to 13.5% depending on the scenario and period of analysis. The low soil moisture, vegetation changes and drought indices show that the North, West and Bajío areas presented reductions in precipitation and temperature increase that caused soil moisture deficit, water stress, presence of scarce vegetation and semi-permanent meteorological drought. Under these scenarios, it is expected that the entire country will be subjected to moderate to extremely strong droughts that will last and worsen between now and the end of the century. The results of the scenario projections and forecasts made by the IPCC show that the effects on biodiversity associated with climate change have been manifested for several decades in Mexico and are expected to worsen by the end of the century, increasing the number of threatened and endangered species. Based on the probable temperatures by the end of the century (from 0.5 to 5°C) it is estimated that the risk of extinction ranges from 3 to 48% in terrestrial ecosystems, in ocean and coastal ecosystems the risk of biodiversity loss will go from moderate to very high; and for endemic species it is estimated that the risk of extinction is very high with the possibility of increase by more than ten times.
 Conclusion: Thus, the vulnerability of biodiversity in Mexico is high to very high, which puts a very high number of species and ecosystems at risk.

Comparison of multimodel ensembles of global and regional climate models projections for extreme precipitation over four major river basins in southern Africa— assessment of the historical simulations

This study assesses the performance of large ensembles of global (CMIP5, CMIP6) and regional (CORDEX, CORE) climate models in simulating extreme precipitation over four major river basins (Limpopo, Okavango, Orange, and Zambezi) in southern Africa during the period 1983–2005. The ability of the model ensembles to simulate seasonal extreme precipitation indices is assessed using three high-resolution satellite-based datasets. The results show that all ensembles overestimate the annual cycle of mean precipitation over all basins, although the intermodel spread is large, with CORDEX being the closest to the observed values. Generally, all ensembles overestimate the mean and interannual variability of rainy days (RR1), maximum consecutive wet days (CWD), and heavy and very heavy precipitation days (R10mm and R20mm, respectively) over all basins during all three seasons. Simple daily rainfall intensity (SDII) and the number of consecutive dry days (CDD) are generally underestimated. The lowest Taylor skill scores (TSS) and spatial correlation coefficients (SCC) are depicted for CDD over Limpopo compared with the other indices and basins, respectively. Additionally, the ensembles exhibit the highest normalized standard deviations (NSD) for CWD compared to other indices. The intermodel spread and performance of the RCM ensembles are lower and better, respectively, than those of GCM ensembles (except for the interannual variability of CDD). In particular, CORDEX performs better than CORE in simulating extreme precipitation over all basins. Although the ensemble biases are often within the range of observations, the statistically significant wet biases shown by all ensembles underline the need for bias correction when using these ensembles in impact assessments.

Responsive Constitutional Law Strategy For Preventing Political Corruption Done By Local Political Dynasties

This article aims to examine corruption practices in the regions carried out by political dynasties and prevention efforts from the perspective of responsive constitutional law. It will examine the motives of political dynasties, forms of corruption by dynasties, factors that cause dynasties and efforts to prevent. This article uses a socio-legal method that is an interdisciplinary approach in the study of law by combining social sciences or humanities. Secondary data mainly comes from case, regulations and library. The results of the study show that the dynasties tend to practice the forms of corruption in the regions: corruption in the buying and selling of regional government positions and corruption in regional infrastructure projects originating from the Regional Budget Revenue. Factors causing political dynasties: the high cost of regional head elections and the absence of laws prohibiting dynastic practices in regional head elections. Efforts to prevent the practice of political dynasties for regional head elections from the perspective of responsive constitutional law are in the form of policies to regulate the regional head election system that prioritizes the principle of responsibility for public demands and provides alternative solutions through: reducing the cost of regional head elections, lowering the threshold for candidacy, changing the financing of regional head elections from the Regional Revenue Expenditure Budget to the State Expenditure Budget, separating local and national elections, a political culture that educates the people in voting, and policies for the welfare of the people in order do not elect dynastic candidates in regional head elections.

Valuing adaptive programming: A study of resilience processes and outcomes

Recent decades have seen a growth in theoretical frameworks focusing on systems, context and the dynamic interplay of multiple variables, stimulating interest in complementary research and programme evaluation methods. With resilience theory now emphasising the complex and dynamic nature of resilience capacities, processes and outcomes, resilience programming stands to benefit from approaches such as design-based research and realist research/evaluation. The aim of this collaborative (researcher/practitioner) study was to explore how such benefits can be achieved when programme theory spans individual, community and institutional outcomes, with a focus on the reciprocal processes involved in effecting change across the social system. The context of the research was a regional (Middle East and North Africa) project operating in contexts with an escalated risk of marginalised young people being drawn into illegal/harmful activity. The project’s youth engagement and development approach combined participatory learning, skills training, and collective social action, adapted for diverse localities and during the COVID-19 crisis. Quantitative measures of individual and collective resilience were at the centre of a set of realist analyses evidencing systemic connections in changes to individual, collective and community resilience. Findings demonstrated the value, challenges and limitations of the applied research approach for adaptive, contextualised programming.

Territorial rural development strategies based on organic agriculture: the example of Valposchiavo, Switzerland

The disembedding nature of globalization is being tackled by integrated and territorial approaches that focus on local contexts and include multiple actors and sectors. One example are biodistricts that rely on values of organic agriculture to strengthen territorial agro-food systems. The remote rural mountain valley of Valposchiavo, Switzerland, follows such a territorial approach and is subject of this case study. In this article we aim to understand in detail the processes of territorial development strategies in Valposchiavo. To shed light on the development approach, we used the theoretical concept of neo-endogenous development by Ray. We conducted document analysis, secondary interview analysis as well as problem-centered interviews. The results indicate that the rural development approach follows a neo-endogenous development that renews rural–urban linkages by developing internal and external networks. The creation of a territorial brand and a regional development project contribute to the establishment of local and organic agro-food supply chains. The territorial development approach in Valposchiavo demonstrates how remote mountain areas can shape the well-being of their community and tackle negative impacts of globalization.

Consistency of the regional response to global warming levels from CMIP5 and CORDEX projections

Assessing the regional responses to different Global Warming Levels (GWLs; e.g. + 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 ºC) is one of the most important challenges in climate change sciences since the Paris Agreement goal of keeping global temperature increase well below 2 °C with respect to the pre-industrial period. Regional responses to global warming were typically analyzed using global projections from Global Climate Models (GCMs) and, more recently, using higher resolution Regional Climate Models (RCMs) over limited regions. For instance, the IPCC AR6 WGI Atlas provides results of the regional response to different GWLs for several climate variables from both GCMs and RCMs. These results are calculated under the assumption that the regional signal to global warming is consistent between the GCMs and the nested RCMs. In the present study we investigate the above assumption by evaluating the consistency of regional responses to global warming from global (CMIP5) and regional (CORDEX) projections. The dataset aggregated over the new IPCC reference regions, available from the IPCC AR6 WGI Atlas repository, is analyzed here for temperature and precipitation. The existing relationships between the regional climate change signals and global warming are compared for both CMIP5 and CORDEX. Our results show significant linear scaling relationships between regional changes and global warming for most of the regions. CORDEX and CMIP5 show remarkably similar scaling relationships and similar robustness in the emergence of the climate change signal for most of the regions. These results support the use of regional climate models in the context of global warming level studies.

Treadmill Exercise Alleviates Cognition Disorder by Activating the FNDC5: Dual Role of Integrin αV/β5 in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment (PD-CI) results in several clinical outcomes for which specific treatment is lacking. Although the pathogenesis of PD-CI has not yet been fully elucidated, it is related to neuronal plasticity decline in the hippocampus region. The dopaminergic projections from the substantia nigra to the hippocampus are critical in regulating hippocampal plasticity. Recently, aerobic exercise has been recognized as an effective therapeutic strategy for enhancing plasticity through the secretion of various muscle factors. The exact role of FNDC5-an upregulated, newly identified myokine produced after exercise-in mediating hippocampal plasticity and regional dopaminergic projections in PD-CI remains unclear. In this study, the effect of treadmill exercise on hippocampal synaptic plasticity was evaluated in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced chronic PD models. The results showed that treadmill exercise substantially alleviated the motor dysfunction, cognition disorder, and dopaminergic neuron degeneration induced by MPTP. Here, we discovered that the quadriceps, serum, and brain FNDC5 levels were lower in PD mice and that intervention with treadmill exercise restored FNDC5 levels. Moreover, treadmill exercise enhanced the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons via increased dopamine levels and BDNF in the PD mice. The direct protective effect of FNDC5 is achieved by promoting the secretion of BDNF in the hippocampal neurons via binding the integrin αVβ5 receptor, thereby improving synaptic plasticity. Regarding the indirect protection effect, FNDC5 promotes the dopaminergic connection from the substantia nigra to the hippocampus by mediating the interaction between the integrin αVβ5 of the hippocampal neurons and the CD90 molecules on the membrane of dopaminergic terminals. Our findings demonstrated that treadmill exercise could effectively alleviate cognitive disorders via the activation of the FNDC5-BDNF pathway and enhance the dopaminergic synaptic connection from SNpc to the hippocampus in the MPTP-induced chronic PD model.

Constrained high-resolution projection of hot extremes in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China

The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region is the political center and one of the largest and most dynamic economic centers in China. Relative to other regions of China, it faces greater challenges from increasing hot extremes. However, future projections of regional changes in hot extremes based on multi-model ensembles carry huge uncertainty. To improve the reliability of regional projections, we used the latest high-resolution outputs from nine GCMs in CMIP6-HighResMIP and constrained the projection of hot extremes in this region. In the BTH, the historical scaling of the annual maximum temperature with the mean summer (June–August) temperatures (TXx scaling) showed a significant linear relationship with the future TXx scaling in the multi-model ensemble. By comparing the observed and simulated historical TXx scaling we identified an observational constraint that could reduce the uncertainty of TXx scaling. We believed that the simulations of EC-Earth3P, EC-Earth3P-HR, MPI-ESM1-2-HR and MPI-ESM1-2-XR show advantages in simulating surface air temperature and related hot extremes in this region. Verification demonstrated that surface air temperature projection in the BTH region constrained by observational constraint is more reliable. In constrained projections, by the 2040s, the increase in summer surface air temperatures is projected to exceed 1 °C compared to 2010s. Also, the estimated number of days of compound (sequential hot day-night) hot extremes (HND), independent hot nights (HNi) and independent hot days (HDi) was found to increase by 0.3, 0.3, and −0.03 d per year during 2015–2049, respectively. The growth in numbers of days of HND, HNi and HDi was slower after observational constraint. Furthermore, the estimated increase in surface air temperature variables after constraint also reduced. This study provides support for adaptation policy-making and as a reference for the use of observational constraint in other regions of China.

“The Kids Nobel” Project as the platform for scientific knowledge popularization at modern scientific libraries

The National Library Association “Libraries of the Future” (NALF) supported through the RF Presidential Grant for Civil Society Development approved by the Presidential Grants Foundation, has been implementing the All-Russian Scientific and Educational Project “The Kids Nobel”. The Project main goals are to promote scientific knowledge and to engage 7–8 grade students in urban and rural settlements in research. At this stage, four pilot RF subjects are selected, namely Arkhangelsk, Kaluga, Ryazan and Saratov regions. Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, today the country’s largest sci-tech library, and a NALF founder, is the main partner of “The Kids Nobel”. The All-Russian Scientific Educational Project “The Kids Nobel” is accomplished in two vectors: educational webinars for children in the main fields of the Nobel Prize, i. e. physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature, politics (Nobel Peace Prize). Outstanding scientists, pedagogues, public officials, librarians deliver the lectures. The lecture course is followed by preparing and presenting students’ research works. The regional project curators, i. e. children’s school, universal, etc., libraries inform students on the events or use the course and workshop materials to organize their own events. The second vector is the contest of kids’ research projects in the fields of Nobel Prize. Under supervision of library curators, contest participants are to present their research work and findings through the Project website before July 1, 2023, one research work for a field, though several fields can be selected.

Competence of HLS: new practices of formation (experience of the regional network medical and social project)

Introduction. The article proposes a new strategy for preserving and strengthening public health through the formation of healthy lifestyle competencies in the youth environment. The object of the study was the student youth, as the most promising socio-demographic group of the population. The subject of the study was the mechanisms of social construction of conscious attitudes of young people to lead a healthy lifestyle. A new approach has been proposed and justified, contributing to the expansion and consolidation of knowledge about the impact of medical and social determinants of health on quality and life expectancy.Target. To identify and substantiate new effective practices for reducing risk factors for youth health, using existing scientific and practical knowledge and experienceMethods. In the course of the work, methods of theoretical generalization, content analysis, secondary analysis of empirical data, quantitative research method were applied. The scientific sources were domestic and foreign monographs, articles, results of dissertation research, methodological materials, university websites.Results. An original author’s project has been developed aimed at creating a network of social partners and contributing to improving the level of youth literacy in health issues.Conclusion. The participatory approach in strengthening and preserving public health is an effective method of forming knowledge about the culture of health and consolidating the competencies of healthy lifestyle.