Regional Production Structure Research Articles

Efficiency Analysis of Regional Innovation Development Based on DEA Malmquist Index

The aim of the work was to evaluate the dynamics of regional innovation development and compare the Russian regions according to their innovation efficiency, used resources, and achieved results. To estimate direct and indirect innovation effects, this study used the data on Russian regions according to variables of the innovative product volume, the share of high-tech products in the gross regional product (GRP) structure, the number of used patents, and investment in innovation activity for 2006–2017. To obtain a representative sample, a cluster analysis was applied as a preliminary step, which made it possible to select a group of regions that were most advanced in terms of their innovative development. Output-oriented data envelopment analysis models were applied for Malmquist Productivity Index calculation. The obtained results indicate the average growth of total factor productivity of regional innovation development over time. The main source of innovative development is largely derived from the economy of scale, while the effectiveness of regional innovation systems is basically increasing through broader resource bases, rather than through its effective utilization. The research findings can be applied to diagnose regional innovation effectiveness, justify public investment in research and development (R & D), and identify the priorities of regional innovation policy for specific regions.

ANALISIS SEKTOR BASIS DAN KONTRIBUSI SEKTOR PERTANIAN TERHADAP PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO DI KABUPATEN DAIRI

The agriculture sector is one sector of the economy given a priority in regional development, it’s because most of the population dependent on the sector and asource of income for the majority of the population, thus it’s no wrong if theagriculture sector serves as a support the regional development. The agriculture sector in the district Dairi consists of food crops and horticulture, plantation,animal husbandry, foresty, and fishery. Therefore, the purpose of this study is toanalyze the basis sector and agriculture sector contribution to the gross regionaldomestic product in the district Dairi. This study uses secondary data sourcedform of time series data from 2009 – 2013. The analysis model is a LocationQuotient (LQ) and sector contribution to gross regional domestic product in district Dairi. The result showed that the agriculture sector and the services is abasis sector or have a high role in a local economy. It is characterized by LQ isgreather than one, while other sectors are non basis sector because it has a LQ value smaller than one. In 2013, the agriculture sector provides the largestcontribution in gross regional domestic product structure in the district Dairi is58,47%.

About the influence of the gross regional product structure on the passenger flow value

About the influence of the gross regional product structure on the passenger flow value

In what terms and at what cost resilient? ‘Unregulated flexibilization’ in regional ‘troubled waters’

ABSTRACTThis paper sheds light on the debate on regional resilience to crisis in Greece, a country long suffering from insufficient planning mechanisms and recently hit by a severe economic crisis. In the paper, we discuss the spatialities of employment flexibilization vis-à-vis the devaluation of regional productive structures between 2005 and 2016. The paper critically builds on previous accounts of regional resilience, but also seeks to develop the concept through engaging in: (i) how different employment patterns, namely part-time work, present a powerful adaptive mechanism that is related to path-dependent regional production profiles; and (ii) why regions with less favourable pre-crisis production structures and anaemic growth seem to have been less affected by recession and may witness a faster recovery in its aftermath. The paper adopts a multi-layered methodology, using a variety of measures, offering an empirically grounded theorization of contemporary labour market changes within the Southern EU. The results indicate some key reasons for radically reformulating established regulatory and planning practices in order to promote a pattern of resilience that is more friendly to good and well-paid jobs. A prerequisite for the latter is the promotion of territorially cohesive strategies that reduce regional disparities and harness ‘unregulated flexibilization’.

Exploring carbon emissions and international inequality in a globalized world: A multiregional-multisectoral perspective

The phenomenon of economic convergence has been investigated from different perspectives, aiming to analyze whether economies move towards a common growth path or tend to diverge over time, and the consequences of this for economic cohesion. However, these consequences for the evolution of CO2 emissions in the study of global convergence of CO2 emissions, and the implications in terms of pollution, inequality, and income-dependence have received less attention in the literature of convergence. The increasing globalization of economies and the rising fragmentation of supply chains imply many countries involved in the production chains and, in consequence, a vision is needed of worldwide emissions associated with these processes. In this paper, we use the multisectoral and multiregional perspective provided by a multiregional input-output model (MRIO), and the associated databases, to analyze the evolution of inequality in CO2 emissions, paying attention to the roles played by regional specificities and/or productive structures. MRIO models and indicators presented, provide the basis to assess to what extent countries and/or sectors are walking towards a common path or, on the contrary, tend to be more unequal over time. Given the role that structure, final demands and international trade play in these models, we can offer a novel structural view of the convergence issue. Moreover, MRIO models also allow analyzing this question combining the perspectives of production and consumption, and their relationship through international trade. Moreover, our paper attempts to shed light on the discussion about the global and regional process of generation of emissions, paying special attention to cluster analysis and to the existence of common trends by groups of countries. Empirically, the information provided by the most recent edition of the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) and environmental accounts compatible with this database, is used. In our view, the results contribute new dimensions and insights to the issue of international inequality in terms of environmental pressures and opens new debates on the relocation of environmental damage, comparative advantage, and the environmental footprint.

A desindustrialização na região Sul

Resumo Este estudo objetiva analisar a evolução da indústria de transformação no Brasil com ênfase na região Sul no período 2002-2014, de modo que seja possível observar a contribuição sulista no processo de desindustrialização do País. Para isso, serão utilizados como forma de análise os indicadores clássicos da desindustrialização. Com efeito, foi observado que a indústria da região Sul perdeu participação em termos de valor adicionado e de emprego nos indicadores nacionais, porém, a manifestação da desindustrialização pode ser confirmada apenas a partir da composição da estrutura produtiva regional. Nesse sentido, constatou-se a perda de participação da indústria de transformação combinada com a desconcentração da produção/emprego industrial sulista, o que configura um processo de desindustrialização regional progressivo e positivo nessa região.

Talking about regional resilience: evidence from two formerly rural Spanish regions

ABSTRACTThis research analyses the contrasting socio-economic performances of two neighbouring territories, which, while sharing similar starting points, have, for various reasons, diverged in terms of their dynamics and ultimately reached different economic resilience levels. Regional production structure, socio-economic assets, social capital endowment and leadership strength, together with institutional and governance quality are factors that may underlie their current differences. The results of the research confirm the hypothesis that these factors are indeed the key to their different resilience levels.

Рынок безалкогольных напитков: состояние и перспективы развития

The paper features the condition of domestic and foreign markets of nonalcoholic beverages. The authors investigate the physiological value of soft drinks not only as products that satisfy the water requirements but also as a source of biologically active agents. The research defines segments and subsegments of the soft drinks market. The article introduces the data on the industrial and trade product range (2010–2016). The authors give various reasons of decrease in the demand for particular types of production (tonics), enumerate the main market leaders, describe the regional structure of production in various Federal districts, and analyze statistical data on volumes of domestic production and import of soft drinks. They also define the problems and the perspectives of the market of soft drinks.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND TRENDS OF THE WORLD AND UKRAINE OIL MARKET DEVELOPMENTS

The article assesses the state and defines the main tendencies of the development of the world and Ukrainian oil markets. Analysis of trends in the development of the world and domestic oil markets was carried out on the basis of data describing both stocks and production, and consumption of oil, as well as production from it and consumption of petroleum products, taking into account foreign economic relations of the country. The regional structure of world production, consumption, export and import of oil is estimated. The assessment of the state and trends of the world and Ukrainian oil markets is the basis for choosing the priority directions of ensuring Ukraine's energy security. Key words: oil, oil market, fuel and energy resources, regional structure, development

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ РИНКУ ОРГАНІЧНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ

Introduction. According to the main provisions of the legislation of Ukraine, organic production is a certified activity related to the production of agricultural products (including all stages of the technological process, including primary production, preparation, processing, mixing and related procedures, filling, packaging, processing , restoration and other changes in the state of production), which is carried out in compliance with the requirements of the legislation in the field of circulation and labeling of organic products. The national organic market is in the forming. Although today there is a positive trend in the production of organic products in Ukraine, there are still many barriers that hinder the development of this industry. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of formation and development of the organic market in Ukraine. Results. The features of the organic produce market in Ukraine are revealed. Dynamics of the main factors contributing to the development of the domestic organic produce market have been analyzed and forecasted. The state and production and regional structure of organic production in Ukraine are determined. The dependence of consumption of organic products per capita on the size of real GNI per capita is revealed. The reasons for the low rate of development of the internal market of organic produce have been identified. The problem is the ratio of domestic consumption and exports of organic products, since a significant proportion of products is exported, which impedes the development of production of domestic organic products with high added value. The importance of improving the legislative framework and the creation of public non-profit organizations for the organic consumption market is argued. Originality. The reasons for the low rate of development of the internal market for organic products are summarized and grouped into 3 groups: due to underdevelopment of supply, supply and institutional causes. A direct link between the real GNI per capita (by PPP) and the average annual consumption of organic products in Ukraine per capita has been identified, and it is shown that the relationship between them will increase over the years. The forecast of the main factors that will determine the development of the organic produce market in Ukraine by 2022 is made. Conclusion. Ukraine has significant potential for the development of organic production, but there are a number of problems that slow this process. These problems include inadequate regulatory framework, lack of an effective certification system for eco-producers, weak development of infrastructure in the organic market compared to other countries, and lack of state incentives for enterprises to switch to organic production. However, one of the main problems is the low purchasing power of the Ukrainian population. The study found that the consumption of organic products per Ukrainian is largely dependent on the income it receives, and since in recent years the real GNI has been declining, it is not necessary to expect rapid growth in the purchase of eco-products in the domestic market.

ANALISIS DAYA SAING KOMODITI LADA DI KABUPATEN KOLAKA TIMUR

Pepper farm is the one of leading sector in East Kolaka Regency who can be a main contributor in Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) structure along with cocoa farm. Pepper farm has become a economic source for most of the people in the area. This study aimed to analysis the competitiveness of pepper commodities at the farm level in East Kolaka Regency. This study used the policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) to analyze the data. The results of the study showed pepper commodity in East Kolaka Regency has a high level of competitiveness as shown by the DRCR value of 0,62 and PCR value of 0,71. The government`s policy of input-output showed that there is a government policy which reduce the benefits of cocoa producer in East Kolaka Regency as indicated by the PC value of 0,8316. The value of PC also showed how many a potential profitability that can be accepted by a farmers, that is equal to 16,84%.

Long-Term Forecasts of Regional Development: Analysis of Results and the Problem of Development

The article presents the results of an analysis of regional development forecasts assumed by the government authorities and developed by scientific organizations. It is shown that the hypotheses included in the forecast scenarios, as to the prospective dynamics and changes in regional production structure, have not been implemented. The problems of the long-term forecasting of regional development, their possibilities, and directions of improvement, and the methods used when preparing the forecasts have been studied.

Managing the Gross Regional Product Structure in the Territorial Subjects of the Southern Federal District

The condition of national economy is substantially determined by the level of economic development of certain regions in the country. Adaptive capability of separate regional economy of external and internal risk damping depends on features of its structure which forms inertially under the impact of managerial influence from the authorities depending on three main managerial objectives of forming the structure of regional economy: bringing the structure of regional economy to a uniform state, individualization of this structure or strategy assuming integration of regions with the differing structure to macroregions. In the article the hypothesis of the assessment possibility of managerial impact by means of the indicators characterizing rapprochement or a discrepancy of the gross regional product (GRP) structure within one federal district is considered. The research of the structure of the given indicator at the subjects of the Southern Federal District for the period 2005–2015 is conducted using an index method, including calculation of the Szalai index and the index of structure offered by the author. It did not reveal a significant effect on change of the structure of GRP subjects in the analysed period. It provides with the possibility to speak about weakness or lack of purposeful managerial impact on this indicator from the district level of the power. In the federal district obvious tendencies to more balanced participation of regions in creation of total amount of GRP are not revealed. Due to the universality and high sensitivity of the received results, the formulated algorithm of calculation of the structure index, is acceptable for convergence determination of the structure of regional economies on the basis of the GRP structure indicator and can be applied in other federal districts of Russia.

Where at home do exporters produce and export?

AbstractForeign growth can induce changes in production structures across domestic regions through international trade. With a two‐country model with the explicit incorporation of two regions in the home country, we show that effects of foreign growth on exports and production to be possibly asymmetric among home regions. This foreign‐growth effect is especially prominent in Asia with China emerging as the largest trading country. We empirically test our theoretical hypothesis with the data set of Japanese regions. We find evidence that the growth of Asian countries leads to a change in the regional structure of exports and production in Japan. With respect to an adjacent Asian country, the growth of a foreign country exerts opposite effects on production among Japanese regions.

ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY OF INTERREGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF ECONOMIC SPACE

The article is dealt with economic and social development of the regions on the basis of progressive structural shifts in sectoral, spatial and functional systems, restoration and strengthening of effective cooperation of regions, reduction of inter-regional disproportions, sustainable use of economic potential of each region and improvement of legal and institutional base of regional policy. It is noted that indicators of economic activity of various regions indicate a deep structural imbalance in the system of national economy; There is a significant differentiation between regions in terms of the gross regional product structure, differentiation according to the results of industrial activity, differentiation of territories according to the level of social and economic development and living standards of the population and disproportion in the budget provision of the subjects of the Russian Federation. We consider different approaches to the evaluation of interregional differentiation here. When examining the differences between the regional economies, it is proposed to use a comprehensive approach that allows us to assess not only the differentiation in different directions of the social and economic state of the territories but also the structure of these differences. It is proposed the estimation technique including: definition of the optimal set of indicators reflecting the main aspects of economic and social development of the regions (industrial, innovative, social and labor components); the choice of statistical characteristics on the basis of which the assessment will be made; identification of differences between regions in the above areas; analysis of the significance of the differences using the Ryabtsev index and identification of factors for smoothing differentiation in each of the regions. We propose to use the range of interregional asymmetry, the variation of regions and the coefficient of regional asymmetry as the coefficients for assessing interregional differentiation. It is proposed to carry out an analysis of the materiality of interregional differences using the Ryabtsev index. It is completed an estimation of interregional differentiation between the regions of the Central Federal District by the index "Index of industrial production by subjects of the Russian Federation". It is performed the analysis of the materiality of inter-regional differences in the indicator "The share of innovative goods, works, services in the total volume of shipped goods, performed works, services" between the Kursk region and the subjects of the Central Federal District. It was noted that dynamics is observed to reduce interregional asymmetry, gradual smoothing of differentiation between the regions of the Central Federal District occurs.

Revisiting Interregional Wage Differentials: New Evidence from Spain with Matched Employer-Employee Data

This study examines wage differences across Spain's regions along the entire wage distribution based on matched employer-employee microdata from 2006 to 2014. Unlike previous studies, we control for differences in regional purchasing power parities, which are very large in practice. Although many of the raw wage differences observed are explained by differences between regional productive structures and, to a lesser extent, in labour forces, noteworthy regional differences net of composition effects remain after controlling for a broad set of individual and firm characteristics. Unexplained wage differences are generally very similar throughout the wage distribution and are strongly persistent over time, despite significant changes in both economic cycle and labour regulations that occurred in Spain during the examined period. This evidence suggests the presence of common mechanisms in the generation of regional wage differentials that affect the whole labour force and that are strongly persistent over time, which is consistent with a key role of collective bargaining

O fenômeno do esvaziamento populacional em municípios do Rio Grande do Sul–Brasil sob a lente da Abordagem das Capacidades / The depopulation phenomenon in municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil under the lens of the Capability Approach

Resumo
 Durante a década 2000-2010 mais da metade dos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul vivenciou uma redução absoluta de sua população, o que se deu de maneira particularmente acentuada no noroeste do estado. Tal fenômeno segue pouco estudado até o momento, sobretudo no que tange às causas subjacentes e implicações no desenvolvimento de indivíduos e coletividades regionais nele envolvidas. Neste artigo se busca sanar parte desta lacuna, abordando a problemática sob as contribuições teóricas de Amartya Sen, particularmente a partir de seu conceito de Agência e das correlatas noções de Poder e Controle. Baseado em evidências colhidas na literatura, em dados socioeconômicos e demográficos e no uso de métodos estatísticos evidencia-se que das diferentes dimensões do desenvolvimento humano (Saúde, Renda, Educação), a mais diretamente associada ao fenômeno migratório é a dimensão que reflete as atividades econômicas (Renda). Argumenta-se que em função de uma estrutura produtiva regional agroexportadora de bens primários, grande parte da população local vê sua condição de Agente severamente tolhida em função de sua não inclusão nestas atividades produtivas e em função de que estas atividades são comandadas por agentes multinacionais externos à região. Disso resulta, entre outras consequências, o fenômeno de esvaziamento populacional, dado que a emigração, enquanto ato que implica Agência individual ou familiar, está muito mais sob o Poder e o Controle dos habitantes locais do que os mecanismos, processos e atores que subjazem às principais atividades produtivas regionais.
 
 Abstract
 During the decade 2000-2010 more than half of the municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil experienced an absolute reduction of its population, which happened particularly sharp in the northwest of the state. This phenomenon remains sparsely studied, especially regarding the underlying causes and implications for the development of communities as well as for individuals affected by it. This article seeks to remedy part of this gap by addressing the problem in light of Amartya Sen’s theoretical contributions, particularly by using his concept of Agency and the related notions of Power and Control. Based on evidences from the literature, on socioeconomic and demographic data and on statistical methods it shows that, considering the different dimensions of human development (health, income, education), the most directly related to the migration phenomenon is the dimension that reflects the economic activities (income). It is argued that because of a regional productive structure, based on exportation of primary goods, specially soybeans, much of the local population sees its Agent condition severely hampered due to its non-inclusion in these economic activities, and due to the fact that these activities are controlled by multinational agents, outside the region. The consequence, among others, is the depopulation phenomenon, given that emigration, as an act that implies individual or family Agency, is much more under the Power and Control of the local inhabitants than the mechanisms, processes and actors that underlie the main regional productive activities.

Is there any room for family business into European Union 2020 Strategy? Family business and regional public policy

The role of family firms within economic growth and development has been neglected, and family business dimensions have been overlooked in regional intervention policy. That is, while family firms seem to play a significant role in the construction of the European Union, family firms are omitted from public policy beyond direct action related to tax benefits or advice about ownership and management succession. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provoke a debate on the importance of the family business dimension for developing and implementing regional public policy. Specifically, this article addresses the question of whether the family firm matters for regional development and, if so, how the family business dimensions can be included in regional policy strategies. We built our arguments following the regional familiness model and considering that family businesses’ effect on regional development can occur at the firm and regional levels. Our main conclusion is that any public policy intervention should consider the regional familiness characteristics of the regional productive structure because it may boost or hinder regional competitiveness and affect economic growth and development.

A grassland strategy for farming systems in Europe to mitigate GHG emissions—An integrated spatially differentiated modelling approach

This paper assesses the impact of an EU-wide policy to expand grassland areas and promote carbon sequestration in soils. We use the economic Common Agricultural Policy Regionalized Impact (CAPRI) model, which represents EU agriculture using 2450 mathematical programming farm-type models in combination with the biogeochemistry CENTURY model, which provides carbon sequestration rates at a high resolution level. Both models are linked at the NUTS3 level using location information from the Farm Accounting Data Network. We simulated a flexible grassland premium such that farmers voluntary and cost efficiently increase grassland area by 5%. We find that the GHG mitigation potential and the costs depend on carbon sequestration rates, land markets and induced land use changes, and regional agricultural production structures. In Europe, the calculated net effect of converting 2.9Mha into grassland is a reduction of 4.3 Mt CO2e (equivalents). The premium amounts to an average of EUR 238/ha, with a total cost of EUR 417 million for the whole EU. The net abatement costs are based on the premium payments, and account on average EUR 97/t CO2e. However, substantial carbon sequestration (28% of total sequestration) can be achieved at a rate of EUR 50/t CO2e. Carbon sequestration would be most effective in regions of France and Italy and in Spain, the Netherlands and Germany. Larger farms and farm-types specialized in ‘cereals and protein crops’, ‘mixed field cropping’ and ‘mixed crop-livestock’ farming systems have the highest mitigation potential at relatively low costs.

REGIONAL AND SECTORAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN PORTUGAL SINCE JOINING THE EUROPEAN UNION: A DYNAMIC PORTRAIT

Despite few studies regarding foreign direct investment (FDI) in Portugal – especially regarding its effects – FDI can be an important catalyst for regional economic development and growth. This work studies existing FDI in the Portuguese regions, analyzing its distribution by Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics III, the sectors in which FDI has more weight in each region, and its evolution from 1986–2009. Although the relative weight of FDI firms in Portugal remained constant over the years analyzed (around 1%), at the same time these firms spread to all regions of the country, not only concentrating in Lisboa and Porto, the main economic and service agglomerations. Regions attracted FDI not only in specialized sectors, but also for other activities, diversifying the regional productive structure of the country. The increase and diversification of FDI coincided with the tertiarization of the economy, being closer to the productive specialization pattern of the country, while continuing to focus mainly on manufacturing.