Regional Production Structure Research Articles

Impacts of in situ urbanisation on grain production: Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta, China

With the promotion of county-level urban–rural integrated development policies in China, counties in economically developed regions have achieved sound in situ urbanisation (ISU), resulting in changes in regional population and production structures. However, to date, relatively few studies have focused on the ISU process and the variation in regional grain production in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). This study evaluated the ISU rate (ISUR) at the county level using the entropy based TOPSIS model, introduced a super efficiency slacks-based measure (SBM) model to calculate cropland production efficiency (CPE), and reflected the status of grain production from grain yield and CPE. Spatio-temporal dynamics of ISU and grain production were examined from 2000 to 2020, and the impact mechanism of ISU on the grain production were explored encompassing regional differences and spatiotemporal evolution. The ISUR of the YRD showed a high distribution in the east and low in the west, with all counties showing a continuous increase, and an average increase from 0.15 in 2010 to 0.33 in 2020. The most rapid increases occurred in northern Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, and the coastal areas. The grain yield in the entire region was high in the north and low in the south, with a continuous increase in the north and a continuous decrease in the south. The CPE distribution changed from high in the south in 2000 to high in the north in 2020, with a higher growth rate in the north and a significant decrease in the south. The initial advancement of ISU promoted grain production. The plains with medium ISU levels showed the highest grain yield and CPE. Where the ISU level reached extremely high levels, it had a suppressive effect on grain production. In mountainous areas, the CPE and grain yield decreased during ISU. The findings of this study are of great value to policymakers in adjusting the regional agricultural production structure according to ISU stages to implement food security strategies in a regionally integrated manner.

VECTORS OF RESTRUCTURING OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS IN THE COURSE OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS

The article reveals the content of digital transformations during the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). The latter's direction is defined as the formation of cyber-physical systems, which are designed to replace human labour in production processes. The fundamental transformations taking place during Industry 4.0 are analyzed. These include the formation of the Internet of Things; application of artificial intelligence; construction of "smart" network systems at the level of the enterprise, city, and territory; cyberization of the physical world; integration of human cognitive abilities and artificial intelligence; building a circular economy; formation of self-organized systems based on cloud technologies, etc. In the course of digital transformations, there are significant changes in the form and content of socio-economic systems, which affects the ratio of the constituent elements that form these systems. This phenomenon is defined as restructuring. The reasons determining the key areas of restructuring of economic systems in the course of digital transformations are analyzed. These are: changing the nomenclature of goods and services, changing the structure of technological processes, changing the organizational structure of production, changing the structure of production professions, changing the structure of educational processes, changing the material and informational content of production, changing the structure of transport operations, changing the ratio of human and machine operations, changing the regional production structures, changes in the social structure of society.

PROBLEMS OF VEGETABLE DEVELOPMENT AT THE CORNER THE VIEW OF FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to study the impact of the war on the economic availability of food and to estimate the volume of deficits in the production of vegetable products. Methodology of research. Scientific works on the problems of the formation and functioning of the vegetable market became the methodological basis of the research. The following methods used were: dialectical, the method of expert evaluations (when analysing publications and the main opinions of experts on the researched topic), mathematical and statistical (when determining the amount of deficit in vegetable production, determining the share of occupied regions and when analysing the regional structure of vegetable production), systemic analysis (theoretical generalizations, establishing structural connections between the elements of the studied system), abstract and logical (when forming conclusions and recommendations), etc. Findings. An analysis of the current state of vegetable production was carried out. The volumes of the deficit of vegetable production have been established and the share of the occupied regions in the sown areas and gross harvests of vegetables and melon food crops was determined. The reasons for the unsatisfactory state of the vegetable and food sub-complex were established. The general strategy and priority directions for the development of vegetable growing and melon growing and the processing industry were outlined. The volumes of production of vegetable and melon products for the future for domestic needs were determined. Originality. For the first time in the conditions of martial law, the actual volumes of the deficit of vegetable production in the southern regions of Ukraine, which are occupied or affected by military operations, were determined. Scientific and methodical approaches to the formation and functioning of the vegetable market were improved by introducing a mechanism for replacing the deficit in the production of certain vegetables in specific regions. Thus, it is proposed to expand the area of cultivation of vegetables of the borscht group and rare vegetable crops in the western, central and southern regions of the country within 67.0‒80.0 thousand hectares; and heat-loving vegetable crops (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, melon crops) in Mykholaiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kirovohrad, Odesa regions within 25.0‒26.5 thousand hectares. In addition, by introducing innovative technologies, scientific support of the industry and increasing the share of specialized large-scale enterprises, increase the yield of vegetables from the existing 20 to 25 t/ha, which, unlike existing approaches, will make it possible to overcome the deficit in the production of vegetables in the amount of 2 million tons and melon food crops at the level of 230‒250 thousand tons. It was determined that in order to minimize the agro-food crisis, ecological threats, as a result of findings military intervention and overcoming the shortage of vegetable and fruit products on the domestic market, it is necessary to take the proposed measures aimed at supporting their effective production as soon as possible. Practical value. The implementation of the proposed proposals will allow solving the issue of economic independence of individual regions, food security of communities and increasing the level of coordination of the system of actions of management bodies, business entities, scientists and investors on the basis of sustainable development in the conditions of post-war recovery of the country. Key words: food, food crisis, ecology, vegetable growing, production, consumption, innovative development.

Estimating Ukraine’s financial losses from the war

Military aggression has caused many adverse consequences in various spheres of Ukrainian society, including significant losses in the economy. In such circumstances, it is relevant to calculate financial losses to determine the necessary amount of aid and investment for post-war economic recovery. The purpose of the research is to assess the impact of the war on the dynamics of key economic indicators and to calculate the financial losses of the state. To achieve this purpose, the research makes a forecast assessment of macroeconomic indicators. To determine the level of GDP decline, the forecasts of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the Ukrainian government were considered. The assessment of the expected level of decline is based on the regional structure of GDP production. The losses were estimated as the difference between the “pre-war” level of the indicator and the projected values of the indicators obtained after considering the impact of the war. It is established that military aggression is the reason for the reduction in the volume of GDP produced, which in the future will significantly reduce tax revenues, consolidated budget revenues, and the number of financial resources redistributed by the state. The author notes that among the consequences of war are direct losses (those that can be estimated in monetary terms) and indirect losses (lost opportunities that cannot be expressed in monetary terms). The author outlines the consequences of the war in the future. It is determined that the cause of long-term adverse effects is an increase in the level of public debt, depreciation of the national currency, reduction of gold and foreign exchange reserves, and outflow of foreign direct investment. The results of the study are intended to be used by public authorities, financial policymakers, academics, and potential investors. In addition, they can serve as a foundation for determining the number of reparations that Ukraine will claim after the war is over.

К вопросу о состоянии энергосбережения и повышении энергоэффективности: зарубежный и российский опыт

Elaboration of measures and patterns to increase energy efficiency appears as one of the priority objectives of the world economy and is aimed at solving environmental problems associated with energy consumption and climate changes. The paper deals with the issue of the impact of economic growth and structural changes on the energy intensity of territories. Empirical studies highlight a significant influence of macroeconomic, demographic and political factors on changes in the energy intensity of economies. Russia has significant capacity for improving energy efficiency, primarily in the electricity and housing sectors. The released fossil fuels can be exported, reduce emissions into the atmosphere, and, as a result, improve life quality. A consistent reduction in the consumption of fuel and energy resources due to the transition to a new technological order is demonstrated by electric power industry, manufacturing industry and transport sector. It is noted that for Russia the transition from raw-material economic model to innovative one is a priority for sustainable development. To overcome the causes of low energy efficiency and realize the existing potential, it is necessary to intensify the state policy both at the regional and federal levels. At the same time, saving energy and increasing energy efficiency cannot reduce energy intensity of GDP/GRP without high economic rates. The paper analyses the influence of the gross regional product structure on energy consumption in the Rostov region as well as the characteristics of the economic structure and electricity consumption of the region. It is noted that service sector and high-tech industries development, investment in environmental technologies will allow the Rostov region to move to an energy-efficient model of economic growth.

Efficiency of business process management in the agro-industrial complex

The formed diversified economy of the agro-industrial complex of the Stavropol Territory is characterized by the presence of large and medium-sized agricultural organizations, farms, various forms of ownership, many of which achieve high production efficiency. The article deals with the problems of development of the agro-industrial complex of the Stavropol Territory, the formation of effective organizational and economic relations, active state support for the agro-industrial complex. The analysis of the state of material and technical equipment of farms was carried out, a high wear and tear of machinery and equipment, a shortage of fertilizers and other working capital were established, the dynamics and the general regional structure of agricultural production, focused on the growth of gross harvests of grain and industrial crops, were revealed.

Trends in the world market of smokehouses, grills, barbecue and accessories to them

Given the trends of 2020-2021, namely changes in the lifestyle of the world's population due to quarantine restrictions, it should be noted that the market of smokehouses, grills, barbecues and accessories to them was changed significantly. The study considers the segmentation of producers of smokehouses, grills and barbecues by type of product (gas, electric, coal) and consumer use (commercial and domestic). The dynamics of development of the world market of smokehouses, grills, barbecues and accessories to them in 2015-2025 is characterized (according to forecasts). The analysis of the regional structure of production and sales is carried out. The key players in the world market of smokehouses, barbecues, grills, barbecues and accessories to them were identified. Innovative solutions of manufacturers in recent years in this market were presented. It is concluded that the global and Ukrainian market of barbecues and grills is showing a positive trend in recent years, i.e. it has opportunities for growth as the number of restaurants and hotels increases and more and more people choose barbecue food. Priority steps are proposed for the entry of Ukrainian producers of smokehouses, grills, barbecues and accessories to them, which are not world market leaders in foreign markets. It is noted that it is difficult for Ukrainian producers to compete for the expansion of foreign markets. However, an effective tool in this case is the development of an effective marketing strategy, as well as the transfer of some tasks from the marketing of foreign markets to outsourcing. Accordingly, the identification of trends and prospects for the world market of smokehouses, grills, barbecues and accessories allows Ukrainian producers to develop and implement an export strategy to increase competitiveness and introduce the latest innovative technologies.

Trends in Ukraine’s wheat production and exports

The article investigates the main trends in Ukraine’s wheat production and exports. The authors point out that wheat production plays an important role in the Ukrainian economy, both as regards the country’s food security and for the development of its export potential. Ukraine is one of the world’s leading producers and exporters of wheat. The authors analyze the regional structure of wheat production and identify how it can be affected as a result of the war in Ukraine, highlighting the main threats posed by the present difficult political and economic situation, which may negatively affect wheat production. They list measures already taken by the country’s authorities to support agricultural producers and propose way in which Ukraine can maintain its status as a leading exporter of grain crops.

ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS POSITIONING

The article summarizes scientific approaches to the economic security of the region in the context of its positioning. The key risks of economic security of the Ukrainian regions have been identified as well as the most important criteria for regions positioning: the gross regional product (GRP) structure, the volume and rates of industrial development, the volume and dynamics of investments; natural resource production and scientific and technical potential; resource efficiency; competitiveness of the region's economy; unemployment rate; the quality of life, the degree of income differentiation, the provision of the population with material benefits and services; energy dependence; integration into the national economy etc. It is noted that the main problem of economic security is to ensure effective management of regional policy, as well as the evaluation of the regions positioning in the context of economic security can be carried out in the main directions: the level of poverty and unemployment in the region; the quality of life of the population; demographic component of the socio-economic security of the region; the ability of the region's economy to sustainably grow; stability of the region's financial system; support of the scientific potential of the region; dependence of the region's economy on imports of the most important types of products; relations of the region with the countries of the European Union. The modern positioning of some security sectors and the consequences of such positioning have been characterized. A system of main indicators has been formed that allows to quantify the level of economic security of the region in the context of its positioning. The methodical approach to evaluating the economic security of a region in the context of its positioning is highlighted. It is noted that despite the goals that are taken into account when positioning the region, the whole process can be structured into the following blocks: organizational and analytical support; methodical and informational support; conceptual software. The article presents the functional components of the mechanism for ensuring the economic security of regions in the context of their positioning. It has been proved that the effective functioning of the mechanism for ensuring the economic security of regions in the context of their positioning requires the effective functioning of all subjects synchronously, which made it possible to formulate a synergistic effect in a formalized form.

Analytical assessment of sunflower production in ukraine

The article considers the current state of sunflower production in Ukraine. The main indicators of the industry, the dynamics of changes in the area of sunflower crops, yield and profitability are analyzed. The main factors influencing the production of sunflower using index analysis have been studied. The regional structure of sunflower production is considered with the separation of groups of enterprises by organizational form. Ukrainian enterprises are provided with proposals to increase the level of industry development and production.

Agricultural production under rural tourism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: From the perspective of smallholder farmers

Rural tourism has been the leading alternative livelihood of farmers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in recent years. However, the trade-off between agricultural production and rural tourism has been gradually serious. Therefore, we selected the Zhagana Village, an example of rural tourism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, to discuss the agricultural production under rural tourism from smallholder farmers' perspective, and analyze its existence severity of the trade-off. Based on the comparative analysis of smallholder farmers' agricultural production behavior (including the production scale, agricultural input, agricultural output, and production efficiency), we reviewed the agricultural production in the whole study region in 2005–2019. The results show a certain degree of trade-off between agricultural production and rural tourism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. At the level of smallholder farmers, under the background of rural tourism development, agricultural production efficiency (mainly the production efficiency of grassland) has significantly increased due to the further expansion of the scale of livestock husbandry by smallholder farmers. At the regional level, with the development of rural tourism, the regional production structure has gradually changed from the integrated management of farming, forestry, and animal husbandry into the mode of taking animal husbandry as a dominant industry, farming and forestry as supplementary industries, but the regional agricultural productivity has not been stagnated or weakened.

Economic Complexity and Inequality: Does Regional Productive Structure Affect Income Inequality in Brazilian States?

Recent research on the effects of the productive structure of an economy has turned to examining whether economic complexity is associated with lower income inequality. In contrast to the commonly adopted approach that estimates the impact of economic complexity in a cross-country setting, we use panel data for Brazilian states to identify the relationship between economic complexity and income inequality at the sub-national level. Our findings show that the relationship between economic complexity and income inequality has an inverted U-shape, indicating that growing levels of complexity first worsen and then improve the income distribution in Brazilian states. Our findings also show that this relationship is particularly prominent in those states that have relatively high levels of urbanization and overall development. Furthermore, we identify separate effects on income inequality from the degree to which regional productive structures are characterised by diversity in terms of industries and occupations. These effects are particularly pronounced in less developed states with a more rural character. In combination, these findings confirm the important role that the productive structure plays in processes that drive improvements in income distributions and suggest that more research on this impact is warranted at the regional level.

СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННАЯ СТРУКТУРА МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЯ РОССИИ

Over the past decades, the factors that determine the functioning of domestic mechanical engineering have undergone a significant transformation. The conditions, development trends, and proportions of the industry have changed; meanwhile, there are practically no widely available publications reflecting the regional structure of mechanical engineering production in the context of the main levels of the hierarchy of economic zoning. The aim of this study is to analyze the main spatial proportions of the location of mechanical engineering production in Russia. The main research methods were the analysis of statistical materials characterizing the regional structure of mechanical engineering industries, and a cartographic method. As a result of the study, the main spatial features of mechanical engineering production in our country at the present stage have been revealed; the structure of the production of the industry’s products in the context of macro-regions, economic regions, federal districts, and subjects of the federation has been shown. The regions leading in terms of the cost of manufactured products and the factors that determine their positions have been identified. Based on the calculations of the coefficients of localization, per capita production, and specialization, the regions for which the industry plays a profiling (specializing) role have been determined.

Management of sustainable development of the regions of Kazakhstan: problems and solutions

The study presents the results of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of the Regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2020. In the face of modern challenges, it becomes critically important to increase the self-sufficiency of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of regional development. In order to comply with and take into account national interests, it will be important to launch the adopted State Program for the Development of Regions by 2025. State regulation of territorial development is aimed at disclosing the industrial potential of individual regions and territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Taking into account the processes of regionalization taking place in the economy, the prerequisites for the formation of a regional structure of industrial production are considered in the work. The results of the implementation of the State Program for 2015-2019 were considered and problematic issues requiring changes in regional policy were formulated. Based on the analysis, the authors presented a new approach to regional development, which will ensure macroeconomic stability based on high-tech industries (technology parks), educational and research clusters (corporations, universities and laboratories). To increase the efficiency of management of the territorial development of the Republic, systemic measures are

Impact of industrial specialization and economic development on income inequality in the regions of Russia

The degree of income differentiation depends on many factors, including the level of regional economic development, production structure and industrial specialization. In this paper, we assess the impact of the industrial specialization of Russian regions on income inequality measured by the Gini coefficient. Based on the regional data over the period 2005 to 2018, we build an econometric model applying the Arellano-Bover / Blundell-Bond estimation method. We use shares of the main industries in gross regional product to describe production structure of regions. The modelling results show that the classic Kuznets curve is not empirically supported for the regions of Russia. Besides, we find that the larger the share of mining, manufacturing, construction, trade and financial sector in GRP, the higher the inequality in the region, while the share of agriculture does not affect it significantly.

GLOBAL MOTIVATIONS AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

The natural and geographical, resource, economic and environmental conditions, global motivations, key trends, specific features of formation and prospects for aquaculture development are researched. It is emphasized that fishing and aquaculture have a special place in solving the global food problem, while significantly affecting the aquatic environment. The interdisciplinary nature of scientific research in the conceptual format of fisheries economics, management of marine ecosystems, aquaculture, green and blue technologies are illustrated. The positioning of fisheries and aquaculture in the format of global problems of mankind and sustainable development in terms of environmentally irresponsible use of bioresources, especially the World Ocean is made, attention is focused on the potentially catastrophic consequences of its pollution, the problem of restoring fish stocks based on climate change is emphasized. The economic, ecological and social expediency of accelerated development of aquaculture, its institutional, functional and organizational-regulatory separation in the structure of global fisheries is substantiated, considering its complexity and inter-sectoral diversification, the author's model of aquaculture is proposed with classification identification of its categories (internal natural, artificial and combined reservoirs and marine, coastal and combined areas), types (with and without feed), species (bony fish, crustaceans, mollusks, other aquatic animals, algae), and consumer products (food, non-food, dual use). The scale, structure and dynamics of aquaculture development have been identified and assessed, and its growing importance in global fisheries has been confirmed. The analysis of the regional structure of aquaculture production by continents is carried out, its distribution by categories and species in Asia, North and South America, Europe, Africa and Oceania is characterized. The special leadership status of China in the global production of aquaculture products is illustrated. It is confirmed that aquaculture is becoming the main source of human fish consumption. The key trends in the development of aquaculture in the European Union have been identified and assessed. The special features of the formation of the relevant market are described. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the scale of aquaculture production only in Norway is comparable to the aggregate indicator of the EU countries. The volumes and structure of aquaculture financing from the budget of the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund are analyzed. Using Spearman's correlation ranks, the peculiarities of aquaculture consumption in terms of volume and price characteristics are studied. The conclusions of the research are substantiated, which confirm the hypothesis of perspective prospects of aquaculture advanced development using the modern innovative technologies and the effective system of its global regulation.

How do local policies and trade barriers reshape the export of Chinese photovoltaic products?

The past two decades have witnessed the dramatic growth of the photovoltaic (PV) industry in China. This study examines the impact of both internal and external forces on China’s solar PV export during 2007–2016. The results show that the spatial pattern of PV exports is quite different before and after 2011, with export increasingly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta. The statistical analysis finds that, despite the crucial role of industrial relatedness, the export of PV products has deviated from historical trajectory of regional product structure with the impact of external forces. Policy incentives are essential in stimulating PV exports by compensating for the shortage of industrial bases in the central and western regions. Trade protectionism has depressed China’s PV exports. The eastern region has a better performance in alleviating loss since it has strong industrial bases and can bear trade shock by quickly switching PV production to related sectors. This study suggests the importance of external forces from both domestic and abroad in shaping the development of export-oriented industries in China.

РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА

The article deals with the features of the location of agricultural production in the spatial dimension. It is established that the main indicators illustrating the level of regions’ socio-economic development are: the region’s share in the gross domestic product formation, the region’s share in national production (certain types), the concentration ratio, gross output at constant per capita prices population, employment rate in terms of sectors of the economy etc. It is proved that the highest level of development is mainly in the industrial regions of Ukraine (the Dnipropetrovsk region, the Kharkiv region, the Zaporizhia region, the Kyiv region and Kyiv itself). It is determined that the largest share of agricultural industry in the of gross regional product structure have traditional agricultural regions of Ukraine – the Vinnytsia region , the Kyiv region, the Poltava region, the Cherkasy region. It is calculated the generalizing coefficient of district specialization of agricultural production, according to which 9 regions of Ukraine have a high degree: the Vinnytsia region, the Zhytomyr region, the Kirovohrad region, the Sumy region, the Ternopil region,the Kherson region, the Khmelnytsky region, the Cherkasy region, the Chernihiv region.

Forecast of regional structure of oil production in Russia

Forecast of regional structure of oil production in Russia

Efficiency Analysis of Regional Innovation Development Based on DEA Malmquist Index

The aim of the work was to evaluate the dynamics of regional innovation development and compare the Russian regions according to their innovation efficiency, used resources, and achieved results. To estimate direct and indirect innovation effects, this study used the data on Russian regions according to variables of the innovative product volume, the share of high-tech products in the gross regional product (GRP) structure, the number of used patents, and investment in innovation activity for 2006–2017. To obtain a representative sample, a cluster analysis was applied as a preliminary step, which made it possible to select a group of regions that were most advanced in terms of their innovative development. Output-oriented data envelopment analysis models were applied for Malmquist Productivity Index calculation. The obtained results indicate the average growth of total factor productivity of regional innovation development over time. The main source of innovative development is largely derived from the economy of scale, while the effectiveness of regional innovation systems is basically increasing through broader resource bases, rather than through its effective utilization. The research findings can be applied to diagnose regional innovation effectiveness, justify public investment in research and development (R & D), and identify the priorities of regional innovation policy for specific regions.