Regional Power Research Articles

The optimization and dispatch of regional multi-energy complementary power system in green certificate Trading - Carbon emission trading

Abstract This proposal of the “double carbon” goal underscores the pressing need to reduce carbon emissions. To address this issue, the utilization of an optimal scheduling model for an integrated multi-energy complementary system, comprising wind, solar storage, and thermal power generation, is proposed. Two renewable energy generating units, wind and photovoltaic power, cooperate with thermal power units to generate electricity to meet urban base load requirements. Energy storage units compensate for the instability of power generation from renewable energy units. To significantly decrease system carbon emissions, a green certificate trading-carbon emission trading system is introduced. The carbon emission reduction facilitated by the green certificate can offset a portion of the carbon emissions, and the quantities of tradable green certificates and carbon emissions in their respective markets are adjusted accordingly. This model aims to maximize the system’s comprehensive operating earnings while considering the low-carbon economy aspect. The proposed model undergoes simulation analysis, and the results demonstrate its reasonableness and efficacy in terms of carbon reduction and economic viability.

Heating mode transitions in capacitively coupled CF4 plasmas at low pressure

Abstract Capacitively coupled plasmas operated in CF4 at low pressure are frequently used for dielectric plasma etching. For such applications the generation of different ion and neutral radical species by energy dependent electron impact ionization and dissociation of the neutral background gas is important. These processes are largely determined by the space and time dependent electron energy distribution function and, thus, by the electron power absorption dynamics. In this work and based on a particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model, we show that the electron heating mode in such plasmas is sensitive to changes of the gap at a constant pressure of 3 Pa. At a gap of 1.5 cm, the dominant mode is found to be a hybrid combination of the Drift-Ambipolar (DA) and the α-mode. As the gap is increased to 2 cm and 2.5 cm, the bulk power absorption and ambipolar power absorption decreases, and the DA mode decays. When the gap reaches 3 cm, the α-mode becomes more prominent, and at a gap of 3.75 cm the α-mode is dominant. These mode transitions are caused by a change of the electronegativity and are found to affect the discharge characteristics. The presence of the DA-mode leads to significant positive electron power absorption inside the bulk region and negative power absorption within the sheaths on time average, as electrons are accelerated from the bulk towards the collapsed sheath. The heating mode transitions result in a change from negative to positive total electron power absorption within the sheaths as the gap increases. When accounting for secondary electron emission, the transition of the heating mode can occur at shorter gaps due to the enhanced plasma density and decreased electronegativity.

Study on the impact of large-capacity unit commissioning on the stability of the power grid using EEAC theory

Abstract In view of the fact that the commissioning of large-capacity units in areas with weak grids may reduce the transient stability of the system and lead to a decrease in the load capacity of the power grid, this paper analyzes the phenomenon. Combined with the actual situation of a certain power grid, the equal-area rule and the extended equal-area rule are applied in this paper. It is pointed out that in the planning and design of the power grid, factors such as the structure of the sending-end power system, the output of the unit, and the short-circuit capacity of the area should be fully considered, in order to avoid the drop in the transient stability of the power grid due to the structural characteristics of the large machine, large load and small network of the sending end system. Finally, through simulation analysis, it is proposed that the transient stability and splicing load capacity of the regional power grid can be improved by controlling the output of the unit, expanding the main transformer, quickly removing the fault, improving the characteristics of the generator and its excitation regulation system, increasing the terminal voltage and reactive power output of the leading group of units, and cutting the machine.

Prediction of reproductive performance in wintering females of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt) based on in vitro ovulation rate of isolated follicles

Early prediction of the reproductive success of sturgeon females is important both for artificial breeding conditions in sturgeon farms and for monitoring wild fish populations approaching spawning. This study demonstrated that ovarian follicles removed from wintering Acipenser baerii females can undergo in vitro ovulation when exposed to 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. The research was conducted from 2015 to 2021 and involved the examination of 110 wintering Siberian sturgeon females (A. baerii), with an average weight of 8–11 kg and an age range of 8–10 years. Selection of females for spawning was based on the polarization index (PI) at the time when the river temperature dropped to +8 °C. The selected females were overwintered in concrete flow-through tanks with water from the Volga River for approximately two months. At the end of this period, oocyte samples were collected for in vitro incubation. An increase in water temperature to 15 °C, which precedes spawning, was achieved by mixing with warm effluent from a regional power station. The reproductive success of females was evaluated based on fertilization and embryonic survival rates. High reproductive success was characterized by females with fertilization rates above 70% and hatching rates above 60%. We identified a positive correlation between the percentage of in vitro ovulated follicles and the in vivo fertilization and embryo survival rates, with correlation coefficients of Rsp = 0.60 and Rsp = 0.48, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that females whose in vitro ovulation rate of follicles exceeded 30% displayed high reproductive performance compared to those with an in vitro ovulation rate below 30%. The predictive accuracy of this criterion was determined by calculating the ratio of ranks between females with high and low reproductive performance, averaging 80.9% for fertilization and 77% for embryonic survival. Therefore, we propose a new criterion to select females of A. baerii for spawning based on the in vitro oocyte ovulation rate obtained from wintering individuals.

A multi-stage exponential production model for the assessment of China’s regional electric power supply chain efficiency: Does digital innovation matter?

A multi-stage exponential production model for the assessment of China’s regional electric power supply chain efficiency: Does digital innovation matter?

Security Concerns of the Russian Federation and Türkiye's Position Within the Scope of Georgia Intervention to South Ossetia in 2008

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the geopolitical landscape in the South Caucasus, focusing on Russia's strategic interests, NATO and EU expansion efforts, and Turkey's role as a regional actor. It begins by examining Russia's "Near Environment" doctrine, emphasizing Moscow's perceived security threats and its proactive measures to maintain influence in its immediate surroundings. The 2008 conflict between Russia and Georgia serves as a focal point, illustrating the complex interplay of historical, ethnic, and political factors in the region. The article explores the origins of the Georgian-Ossetian crisis, the escalation into the "Five-Day War," and the subsequent recognition of South Ossetia and Abkhazia by Russia. It also examines Turkey's stance on the conflict, balancing support for Georgia's territorial integrity with economic and strategic interests in the region that advocates respect for Georgia's territorial integrity and sovereignty in the context of international law, but at the same time does not ignore its security concerns of Russia and aims to maintain a policy of balance in the Black Sea Basin and the Caucasus in the context of regional peacekeeping. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the international community's response to the conflict and its implications for regional stability. The conclusion underscores the significance of the South Caucasus in global geopolitics, particularly in shaping the balance of power in the Black Sea region. Overall, this article offers valuable insights into the complex dynamics of conflict and cooperation in a strategically vital area of Eurasia.

Division Construction Government Authority In Law Number 23 of 2014

The concept of the division of government affairs in deconcentrating and co-administration has a long history in Indonesian constitutional records. Amendments to the 1945 Constitution, especially the second amendment concerning the concept and pattern of the division of a government, have indicated that a centralized government would actually pose a threat to disintegration so that strengthening decentralization is not a weakening of Indonesia, but an effort to strengthen it. In other words, the choice to use the concept of autonomy as broadly as possible should be understood as a way to build a just balance between central and regional power relations. One of the issues regarding the constitutionality of regional government that has become a space for academic debate after the issuance of Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Trade Law relates to the concept of the division of government affairs between government structures. Moving on from the point of view of State Constitutional Law and State Administrative Law, the analysis will be directed at the parameters used to construct the division of authority between government structures based on executive power (Article 4 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia) or based on the authority stipulated by the constitution. In another part, Law Number 23 of 2014 has reduced the essence of the concept of deconcentrating which previously was only carried out by the Governor, now it is also carried out by the Regent/Mayor. In such a concept, the problem is how to juxtapose the decentralization method with other methods such as deconcentrating and co-administration and institutionalization of the three principles.

Optimal dispatching of regional power grid considering vehicle network interaction.

When large-scale electric vehicles are connected to the grid for unordered charging, it will seriously affect the stability and security of the power system. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a regional power network optimization scheduling method considering vehicle network interaction. Initially, based on the user behavior characteristics and charging and discharging characteristics of electric vehicles, a charging and discharging behavior model of electric vehicles was established. Based on the Monte Carlo sampling algorithm, the scheduling upper and lower limits of each scheduling cycle of electric vehicles were described, and the scheduling potential of each scheduling cycle of electric vehicles was obtained. Then, the electricity price is then used as an incentive parameter to guide EV users to charge during periods of low electricity prices and participate in discharge during periods of peak electricity prices. Aiming at the highest economic efficiency, the best consumption effect of new energy and the smoothest demand-side power curve of regional power grid, a three-objective optimal dispatching model was established. In the later stage, uncertainty factors are taken into consideration by introducing the concept of interval numbers, and an interval multi-objective optimization dispatching model is established. The two dispatching models are solved by NSGA-II algorithm and improved NSGA-II algorithm, and the Pareto solution set is obtained. Finally, based on the analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the optimal scheduling scheme is determined. The Monte Carlo sampling method is used to simulate the user side charging demand, and the effectiveness of this method is verified. In addition, the results of the interval multi-objective optimization model and the deterministic multi-objective optimization model are compared, and it is proved that the solution results of the interval multi-objective model are more adaptive, practical and robust to the uncertain factors.

Multimodal analysis of cortical activation in young male adults with internet gaming disorder: A resting state EEG-fNIRS study

BackgroundInternet gaming disorder (IGD) has become increasingly prevalent worldwide and is recognized as a significant public health concern because of its negative consequences on individuals mental and physical health, social relationships, academic performance and overall well-being. While research on IGD has gained significant momentum in the past decade, the neural substrates underlying this disorder remains unclear. This study aims to investigate resting-state cortical activation in male subjects with IGD using a concurrent functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) hybrid system. MethodsTwenty-two male individuals with IGD (18–23 years old) and twenty-two male healthy, age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Mean oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and whole head neural activity were measured using fNIRS and EEG respectively, during eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions at the resting state. EEG signals were decomposed into distinct frequency sub-bands with wavelet transform, followed by the analysis of the power spectral density within each band. Mean oxygenation of PFC is measured using a multichannel fNIRS system. ResultsResults revealed that the individuals with IGD had significantly higher beta power in the frontal region compared to the control group. Individuals with IGD showed significantly increased PFC oxygenation compared to healthy controls. Additionally, both frontal beta power and PFC oxygenation were significantly correlated with IGD severity. However, there were no significant correlations observed between oxygenation and beta powers. ConclusionThis study is the first to examine resting-state cortical activation using multimodal EEG-fNIRS system in young adults with IGD. Moreover, it provides an important contribution to the understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms of IGD and offer new insights for the diagnosis and intervention of the disorder using multimodal EEG-fNIRS system. Further studies should aim to replicate the findings of this study using a larger and more culturally diverse sample to support the neurophysiological basis of IGD.

Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Continuous Rotating Backpropagation Pressure Wave on Turbine Performance

Abstract Researches have shown that the use of a continuous detonation afterburner can improve the propulsion performance of aero engine. However, backpropagation pressure waves (BPW) generated by the pressure gain of detonation will affect the internal flow and performance of turbine. This article simulates BPW through a custom function, and investigates the effects of BPW amplitude, rotation frequency, and propagation mode on turbine performance through three-dimensional simulation. The results show that as the pressure amplitude of the BPW increases, the pressure oscillation at each section of the turbine increases and a local subcritical flow state will appear, leading to the decrease of turbine flowrate and turbine power, as well as an intensification of instantaneous turbine power fluctuations. As the rotation frequency of the BPW increases, the pressure oscillation at each section of the turbine gradually decreases. The flowrate and power of the turbine do not change much, but turbine efficiency gradually decreases. Compared to the aligned mode, the turbine performs better under the influence of BPW in misaligned mode. Compared to the single-wave mode, the fluctuation of transient turbine power is lower under the influence of BPW in the multiwave mode excluding collision mode. Finally, the constraints of equal flowrate region and equal turbine power line on the peak-to-peak value of the BPW were analyzed when the joint operation of the turbine and compressor was not affected. The rotation frequency and mode of BPW will affect the flowrate region and power line.

Electroencephalogram Alpha Oscillations in Stroke Recovery: Insights into Neural Mechanisms from Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Mirror Therapy in Relation to Activities of Daily Life.

The goal of stroke rehabilitation is to establish a robust protocol for patients to live independently in community. Firstly, we examined the impact of 3 hybridized transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)-mirror therapy interventions on activities of daily life (ADL) in stroke patients. Secondly, we explored the underlying therapeutic mechanisms with theory-driven electroencephalography (EEG) indexes in the alpha band. This was achieved by identifying the unique contributions of alpha power in motor production to ADL in relation to the premotor cortex (PMC), primary cortex (M1), and Sham tDCS with mirror therapy. The results showed that, although post-intervention ADL improvement was comparable among the three tDCS groups, one of the EEG indexes differentiated the interventions. Neural-behavioral correlation analyses revealed that different types of ADL improvements consistently corresponded with alpha power in the temporal lobe exclusively in the PMC tDCS group (all rs > 0.39). By contrast, alterations in alpha power in the central-frontal region were found to vary, with ADL primarily in the M1 tDCS group (r = -0.6 or 0.7), with the benefit depending on the complexity of the ADL. In conclusion, this research suggested two potential therapeutic mechanisms and demonstrated the additive benefits of introducing theory-driven neural indexes in explaining ADL.

Investigating the effect of different smells in the indoor built environment (office) on human emotions using a mixed-method approach

Despite numerous studies highlighting the impact of smells on humans, there has been a notable lack of attention to ambient smell within the discipline of architecture. To address the gaps, a systematic methodology was designed to investigate the impact of the indoor-built environment's smell on human emotions. In this experiment, 14 adults (7 women and 7 men) are exposed to the smell of jasmine and rotten orange peel in two identical rooms. The EEG analysis revealed increased theta band power in frontal regions and increased alpha power in frontal and occipital areas when participants were exposed to the jasmine scent. Gamma activity in the frontal regions increases with exposure to the smell of rotten orange peel. Participants reported that the smell of jasmine was pleasant, leading to pleasant emotions, interest, enjoyment and a sleepy state. However, the smell of rotten orange peel led to unpleasant emotions, discomfort and annoyance for participants.

Prediction method for power fluctuations in cross regional consumption and transportation under the integration of new energy

Against the backdrop of the increasing development of the new energy industry, the volatility of new energy output poses significant challenges to regional power grid balance and energy absorption. Therefore, this article proposes a prediction method for cross regional transmission power fluctuations under new energy integration conditions. A comprehensive and representative sample dataset was constructed by comprehensively considering factors such as fluctuations in new energy output, capacity confidence, and peak shaving characteristic parameters, combined with numerical weather forecast data. Normalize the sample data to eliminate dimensional differences between parameters. The sparrow search algorithm is used to optimize the weights and thresholds of the double hidden layer BP neural network, effectively avoiding local optimization problems caused by over training. The experimental results show that this method has significant advantages in predicting power fluctuations in cross regional absorption and transportation of new energy, with a predicted power to power ratio of over 0.85.

Iran as a Regional Power: More Constraints Than Flexibility

Iran as a Regional Power: More Constraints Than Flexibility

Biomarkers of attention bias during public speaking anxiety

The analysis of brain signals and their properties yields significant insights into the fundamental neural impairments associated with attention bias in individuals suffering from public speaking anxiety (PSA). This study aims to identify electroencephalogram (EEG) and performance biomarkers of attention bias in individuals with public speaking anxiety using the ex-Gaussian modeling technique, frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and delta-beta correlation (DBC). 12 subjects with high (H) PSA and 12 subjects with low (L) PSA performed the modified emotional stroop task. EEG data were captured using the low-cost 14-channel emotiv Epoc+. Results showed that the ex-Gaussian sigma was higher in the emotional condition in the high public speaking anxiety (HPSA) group, indicating attention bias. The study also found higher right FAA in HPSA compared to LPSA group. There was a negative correlation between σ and alpha power in the left region of the brain in the HPSA group, potentially related to attentional bias. Moreover, there was a notable trend towards significantly heightened DBC in the frontal and central regions of the brain among HPSA subjects. In conclusion, in biomedical engineering, the ex-Gaussian model, FAA and DBC are useful because they can identify EEG and performance biomarkers of attention bias in people with PSA.

Copper Plates: An Inevitable Source Material to Reconstruct the Hineage and Historicism of the Pallavas

The Pallavas rose to power in the Krishna-Guntur region after the fall of the Ikshvakus of Vijayapuri. They moved further south and established their capital at Kanchipuram in Thondaimandalam, which forms the northern part of Tamil Nadu and ruled from there for nearly six centuries from the middle of 3rd century A.D. to the first decade of the 10th century A.D. There were many debates among scholars regarding the origin of the Pallavas. Prof. S. Krishnaswamy Aiyangar also refuted the theories of the foreign origin of Pallavas and says that the two terms Pallava and Pahlava refer to historically different people and draws his support from a ninth century work Kavyamimamsa. The Hirahadagalli plates issued during the eigth regnal years of Sivaskandavarman < I (330 A.D.-350 A.D.) seem to hint at the imperial status attained by him after the overthrow of the Ikshvakus, as known from his title dharmamaharajadhiraja and the performance of vajapeya and asvamedha sacrifices. Regarding the rise of Pallavas as an independent power, Dr. T. V. Mahalingam relies on the account mentioned in the Velurpalaiyam plates of Nandivarman III (846 to 869 A.D.), and says that ‘considering the political situation during the aftermath of the fall of the S~atavahana power, it is not unlikely that Virakurca by a matrimonial alliance with the Cut/u-Nagas of Vanavasi was able to become an independent ruler’. The Velurpalayam plates of Nandivarman < III credit Kumaravishnu II and his son Buddhavarman < to have regained Kanchi from the Telugu-Cholas, who seem to have defeated the Pallavas and occupied Kanchi for some time during the early days of the reign of Kumaravishnu II. According to the Honnur plates of Chalukya Vikramaditya I, dated in his 16 regnal years (670 A.D.-671 A.D.), he camped in Malliyur on his way to Kanchipuram and with the help of the Gangas of Talakkad defeated the Pallavas.

Research on Voltage Coordinated and Stability Control of Condensers Based on Reactive Power Replacement

Abstract In this research, we investigated condenser voltage coordination and stability control systems by analyzing voltage coordinated control mode among excitation, voltage coordination and stability as well as automatic-voltage reactive power control systems. By using dynamic excitation regulation and steady-state regional voltage source control replacement, dynamic reactive power quickly output under fault condition as well as optimized regional reactive power under steady state were realized. The correctness and practicability of the proposed strategy was verified through engineering application. Adopting the reactive power displacement of voltage coordination control system to solve local voltage instability problem after UHV DC blocking. The proposed method realized multi-time scale emergency, recovery and steady-state control of the system under steady and dynamic states.

The frequency analytical method for regional power systems considering the emergency frequency control

With the continuous construction of high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission projects, higher requirements are placed on the frequency security of the regional power systems. In order to ensure the frequency security of regional power systems, this paper proposes a transient frequency analytical method considering the emergency frequency control (EFC). Firstly, the aggregated system frequency response (SFR) model is constructed by reducing the order of the generator governor equation, the EFC equation, and the load model equation. Then, based on the aggregation model, the analytical solution of the transient frequency nadir of the regional power system is derived. The model can quickly and accurately calculate the transient frequency nadir of the regional power system considering EFC after the HVDC block fault. Finally, based on an actual regional power system model, the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method under HVDC block fault are verified.

COMMUNIST PARTY’S REGIONAL CONFERENCE AND REGIONAL COMMITTEE AS INSTITUTIONS OF REGIONAL POWER OF THE LATE SOVIET ERA (based on the material of the Upper Volga regions)

The article analyses the social characteristics of key regional structures of the Communist Party power and the features of their composition. The study focuses on the Party institutions of regional power in the late USSR: the regional Party conference, the regional committee of the Party, the bureau of the regional committee of the Party. Considerable attention is paid in the article to the historiography of the issue of regional power in the USSR. The methodological framework of the study consisted of an institutional approach, a combination of source analysis and the oral history paradigm, the principles of historicism and systematicity. The theoretical basis of the article is based on the network approach to institutions of power (ideas of Aleksandr Konovalov, Viktor Mokhov, Oleg Khlevniuk, Yoram Gorlizki). The central concept of the study is the concept of “regional leadership network”. The “ administrative market theory” is of an auxiliary nature. Acording to Simon Kordonskiy. The basis of the corpus of sources for the article was unpublished material from archives of Russia’s regions (Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Yaroslavl). A significant part of the sources consisted of oral history evidence – semi-structured interviews conducted personally by the author. The article concludes that contradictory trends had been growing in regional Party institutions of power. It is noted that there was an active inclusion of broad sections of the population in regional authorities, based on the values of Soviet democracy. However, actual decision-making was in the hands of the Party nomenclature clique, headed by the first secretary of the regional Party committee. It is emphasised that the real institutional centre for making management decisions at the regional level of government in the USSR was the Bureau of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party. A general increase in the educational level of the Party conference delegates and members of the regional committee of the Party is noted.

Economic optimization scheduling of virtual power plants considering an incentive based tiered carbon price

Against the backdrop of China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, the use of virtual power plants for electricity economic dispatch has gradually become a research hotspot. The virtual power plant includes both supply and demand sides. If the inherent conflicts of interest between both parties cannot be effectively addressed, there are significant hidden dangers in the sustainable operation of the virtual power plant. On the basis of existing research, this article constructs a regional virtual power plant. With the goal of maximizing supply and demand utility, a two-stage Stackelberg dynamic game model was established between virtual power plant operators and users in the electricity market and carbon trading market mechanisms, and an incentive based hierarchical carbon price constraint was designed in the optimization model. In the model constructed in this article, the operator of a virtual power plant will consider environmental benefits based on expected returns, adjust the output of controllable units to change the electricity supply strategy, and formulate a pricing strategy. At the same time, users will adjust their electricity consumption strategy based on their own electricity consumption characteristics, and both will achieve a game equilibrium. Based on the optimization results, this article conducted a sensitivity analysis on the incentive coefficient of graded carbon prices and obtained the optimal incentive coefficient under the case conditions. The research results indicate that the model can coordinate and meet the interests and needs of both the power generation and consumption sides, and the implementation of incentive based hierarchical carbon pricing strategies has certain advantages compared to traditional carbon pricing strategies in different user types scenarios. The research conclusion of this article has good reference value for the sustainable green operation of virtual power plants.