Regional Population Research Articles

Ecological niche modeling of the Leopardus tigrinus complex sheds light on its elusive evolutionary history

Abstract The evolutionary history and taxonomy of the Leopardus tigrinus species complex have been studied based on several approaches, mostly employing genetic and morphological data, leading to distinct classification schemes. We approached this problem from an ecological perspective, with 2 main goals: (i) to evaluate ecological niche differences among regional L. tigrinus populations to determine the extent of ecological divergence among them; and (ii) to identify environmental barriers to historical dispersal that could have driven differentiation among the proposed groups. We modeled the ecological niche of all taxonomic/geographic groups proposed so far to comprise the L. tigrinus complex using the Maximum Entropy algorithm, and evaluated geographic and ecological niche differences among them. Furthermore, we investigated possible environmental barriers to historical dispersal that could have driven differentiation among regional groups. We evaluated 4 hypothetical barriers across 3 time periods to assess their potential historical effect. We found high ecological divergence between northeastern tigrina populations and the northern Andean and Central American tigrinas. Other groups within the L. tigrinus complex are less divergent. In addition, the Guiana Shield tigrina, where the type locality of the species is located, seems to be ecologically similar to populations from northeastern Brazil while also showing some overlap with Andean populations. The Panama center, the Llanos of Colombia and Venezuela, and the Amazon region were identified as historical barriers for tigrina dispersal across all time periods. The inferred historical barriers and ecological divergence observed in this study contribute to the inference of evolutionary differentiation among geographic groups comprising the L. tigrinus complex, revealing areas of consistently low habitat suitability that have likely contributed to divergence among regional populations.

Distribution and Drug Resistance Characteristics of Pathogenic Bacteria in the Elderly Population in China in 2021

To study the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in the elderly population of China by collecting and analyzing the standardized case data on the pathogens of infections in elderly patients, and to facilitate the establishment of a standardized layered surveillance system for pathogenic bacteria in China. We collected the case data of elderly patients (≥65 years old) from 62 sentinel hospitals across the country in 2021. Then, we statistically analyzed the data by patient age, their geographical region, the distribution of pathogenic bacteria, and the drug resistance characteristics of main pathogens. A total of 3468 cases from across the country were included in the study. The top three sources of patients were the intensive care unit (13.2%), the department of respiratory medicine (11.2%), and the department of general surgery (8.4%). The top three types of specimens were urine (25.5%), sputum (20.6%), and blood (18.7%). A total of 3468 strains of pathogens were isolated, among which, 78.9% were gram-negative bacteria and 21.1% were gram-positive bacteria. The top five types of bacteria were Escherichia coli (20.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.0%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (7.0%). The isolation rates of common important drug-resistant bacteria were 38.0% for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 68.7% for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and 38.2% for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), 20.1% for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), 5.2% for carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRECO), and 2.1% for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). There were differences in the isolation rates of CRAB and CRKP in clinical care in the elderly population in seven geographical regions of China (P<0.05). Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most important pathogen in the elderly population ≥85 years old, and the isolation rates of CRKP showed significant differences in different age groups (P<0.05). There are significant differences in the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the elderly populations of different regions and age groups in China. Therefore, monitoring the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the elderly population and formulating targeted treatment plans according to the characteristics of the specific regions and age groups are of great significance to the improvement in the treatment outcomes and prognosis of the elderly population.

Skin tears in older patients in intensive care units: A multicentre point prevalence study.

With the ageing of the global population, it is predicted that the population of older adult patients in hospitals and intensive care units (ICUs) will increase. Because of health conditions, care practices and ageing-related skin changes, older adult ICU patients are prone to skin integrity problems, including skin tears (STs). To determine the prevalence of STs and associated factors in older patients hospitalized in ICUs. The study is a regional, multicentre, point prevalence study conducted in five centres in the five largest cities in terms of population in the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye. Data were collected simultaneously in each centre on the same day. The list of patients hospitalized in the ICUs on the day of data collection was drawn up, and 200 patients who were 65 years of age or older, were hospitalized in ICUs and agreed to participate in the research were included. The researchers formed an "ST chart" to record patient demographic characteristics, clinical variables and skin assessment. STs were detected in 14.5% of patients in ICUs, with 72.5% of them having stage 1 ST. A significant relationship was found between individuals' average body mass index (BMI) (p = .043), age (p = .014), length of stay in the ICU (p = .004) and having ST. There was also a statistically significant relationship between skin temperature (p = .002), skin turgor (p = .001) and ST. More STs were observed in patients with cold skin and low turgor. The prevalence of ST was higher in individuals with a history of ST. Additionally, there was a statistically significant relationship between consciousness (p = .014), incontinence (p = .006), the Braden score (p = .004), the Itaki fall risk score (p = .006) and ST. In this multicentre point prevalence study, the prevalence of ST in older patients in ICUs was 14.5%, and many factors associated with ST have been identified. Given the insufficient information and attention to STs in older adults, the study emphasizes the importance of addressing STs. The impact of STs includes increased treatment costs, length of stay and risk of complications. Therefore, understanding the global extent of STs in ICUs and developing effective interventions for prevention and management are crucial.

An optimization approach to evaluating accessibility to community pharmacies

ABSTRACT Accessibility to community pharmacy is key to community health and well-being. An optimal community-pharmacy assignment (OCPA) model is developed to measure the geographical accessibility of community pharmacies in a regional population network. The model minimizes a risk-adjusted distance between census tracts and community pharmacies by optimally matching census tracts to single or multiple pharmacies. Social determinants of health (SDOH), such as vehicle ownership, access to public transit, and insurance, are used as risk factors for adjusting the geographic distance. We present a novel definition of ‘pharmacy desert’ based on the distance between census tracts and their matching community pharmacies. Extensive computational experiments are conducted based on a case study in Louisville, Kentucky. Benchmark studies with leading literature and other public health indicators validate the proposed model. Extensive sensitivity analyses suggest our model for identifying pharmacy desert is effective and can be a valuable tool for pharmacy and public health stakeholders.

Подходы к выбору индикаторов региональной бюджетной безопасности (на примере арктических регионов России)

The article deals with the approach to selection of regional budget security indicators in order to develop a system of parameters to assess the regional budget security. The approach is based on the principle of identifying the interests of economic agents. The satisfaction level of regional authorities, economic entities, and population is considered as a budget security indicator. The express analysis based on the materials from the Arctic regions of Russia indicated an imbalance of interests of economic agents, which is further confirmed by the decline in regional and population welfare due to reduction in regional product volume redistributed through budgets and by the decrease in businesses financial results in context of the changing world economy conditions. Balance of economic interests will be achieved by the increase in budget revenues and per capita incomes.

Деякі регіональні особливості вимушеної міграції з України: столиця та інші регіони.

The forced migration of Ukrainians within the country and abroad has become a characteristic feature of the era of full-scale invasion. It saved the lives and health of many people, as a decrease in population density in the areas most affected by the hostilities leads to a decrease in human losses. Despite the great research interest in the topic of forced migration, some aspects of it still remain poorly understood, in particular, it is important to study the peculiarities of forced migration at the localities level, at least in large cities. The purpose of this article is to single out the category of forced migrants who lived in Kyiv before the full-scale invasion by the aggressor country and to identify the peculiarities of staying abroad and the attitudes of this group. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, and induction were used. Empirical data were collected using the method of sample surveys. The method of grouping was used to distinguish Kyiv residents from the general population of respondents, and the method of comparison was used to identify the peculiarities of their forced migration abroad. The study found that Kyiv residents are more likely to settle abroad in the capitals of their destination countries. Among them, there are more unmarried and childless individuals, which creates prerequisites for socio-economic integration outside the country. Also, people from the capital were less likely to have relatives abroad at the time of the full-scale invasion, which is likely due to their low level of participation in external labor migration in the previous period. Migrants from the capital proved to be better integrated in the countries of settlement, which is reflected in their proficiency in the local language, employment in the local labor market, and higher levels of financial well-being. At the same time, they retain stronger ties to Ukraine. Residents of Kyiv region are similar to Kyiv residents in some respects, while in others they are similar to residents of other regions. The study also revealed cases where the population of Kyiv region exhibited characteristics intermediate between Kyiv and other regions. The development of effective strategies for migration management, socio-economic development of the country during the war and post-war revival needs to take into account regional specifics.

Hygienic assessment of the carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of the industrial district of Samara due to atmospheric air pollution

The article presents the results of a study assessing the possible risks of the population living in one of the districts of the city of Samara. The object of the study is the Kuibyshev district of Samara. The high anthropogenic load of the district is formed by enterprises of the oil refining and petrochemical industries, enterprises for the production of metal structures, sewage treatment plants, construction facilities, as well as intensive traffic flow. The initial information for assessing public health risks was the data obtained during the analysis of ambient air samples, as well as the results of calculations of the dispersion of pollutant emissions to nearby territories from the leading industrial enterprises of the district and mobile sources. The research was carried out in several stages. At the first stage, we identified the main sources of ambient air pollution, took into account the terrain, wind directions, and the nature of pulse operation of a number of leading sources. At the second stage, 6234 studies of ambient air samples taken in the Kuibyshev district of Samara, were conducted, priority substances were identified, and carcinogenic hazard indices (HRIc) were calculated. The data obtained indicate that the risks to public health are primarily formed as a result of atmospheric pollution with substances such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, a mixture of hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, benzene. The main pollutants forming the level of the total carcinogenic risk to the health of the Samara population are hexavalent chromium and benzene. The total carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of the Samara region with a high degree of anthropotechnogenic load during the study period belongs to the 2nd range of reference boundaries and is characterized as acceptable, however, with the simultaneous presence of various pollutants in the air, an unfavorable background of combined effects on the body is created, which can lead to the formation of a certain pathology in the population.

Global epidemiology, natural history, maternal-to-child transmission, and treatment with DAA of pregnant women with HCV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pregnant women with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represent a special population in which treatment access remains limited despite its increasing prevalence. A reliable estimate of the burden and clinical outcomes of pregnant women with HCV infection is crucial for HCV elimination. We aimed to determine the prevalence, maternal-to-child transmission (MTCT), maternal and fetal complication rates, and direct acting antivirals (DAA) treatment outcomes of chronic HCV infection in pregnant women. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science from inception until March 1, 2024, for studies reporting on the prevalence, MTCT, complications of HCV infection, and treatment outcomes of DAA in pregnant women. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We performed subgroup analysis based on 9 variables to explore the source of heterogeneity in HCV prevalence. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42024500023. From a total of 311,905,738 pregnant women from 333 studies, the pooled global seroprevalence of HCV in pregnant women was 2.6% (95% CI: 2.0-3.2, I 2=100%) which increased in patients with intravenous drug use and HIV. Majority of the HCV cases in pregnant women (75%) are diagnosed through universal screening. The pooled MTCT rate was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.6-11.7, I 2=79%), which was higher with HIV co-infection (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 2.1-4.6, I 2=10%), but was not influenced by the mode of delivery or breastfeeding. Pregnant women with HCV infection had more maternal complications, including intrahepatic cholestasis, preterm delivery, and antepartum hemorrhage. Neonates of mothers with HCV had higher odds of being small for gestational age. The pooled rate of sustained virologic response (SVR12) among the 74 women treated with DAA during pregnancy was 98.4%, with no serious adverse events reported. HCV prevalence in pregnant women varies by geographic region and patient population, while MTCT occurs in almost one in ten viremic mothers. The incidence of both maternal and neonatal complications is significantly higher in patients with HCV infection. Limited data suggest that DAA are safe in pregnant women with HCV infection. None.

The impact of commercial advertising on the public

Throughout the world, commercial advertising’s have become an art and effective method of communication. It is a recent necessity for all countries, nations, classes, and races. All of them are working on commercial advertising and commercial advertising are the work of all. It is crucial that the Commercial advertisements are used properly and must at a high level, Kurdish satellite channels can live and manage business in this way. Advertisements can provide facilities for citizens and consumers especially when The commercial advertisings were used properly and correctly of the direction and goals of the right and bright way. In Kurdistan Region, commercial advertisements have passed through a short period of time. In the early stages they were at a very low level, until they were within technology development and the emergence of necessary instructions to organize advertising ,becoming more advanced and developed.The significance of this research which is a scientific attempt to demonstrate and determine the effect of the commercial advertisements of The Kurdish Channels in encouraging behavior of transaction by a pattern of This research ambition is to certify the emphasis extent of advertising Commercial advertisements on Kurdish channels. To what extent Kurdish satellite channels encourage consumer’s behavior to acquisitions Goods? Which are the business rhetoric that attracts more consumer attention to buy equipments. This research is a described research, we have used the method of surveying that is the most appropriate The method is set because the most accurate data and information can be obtained in this way. This research in which the theory of relying on practical media tools.It is one of the most significant theories in the domain of media. The society of this research consists of the population of Kurdistan region which consists of 500 individuals of male and female in all four provinces of Region (Erbil ,Sulaymaniyah ,Duhok and Halabja) participated in it. the researcher to collect data and Knowledge and achievement of research studies survey formused it, and in this study, the statistical text known as the SPSS system It's used.The most important results of the research are: the relationship between commercial advertising and Kurdish channels which Are a strong and effective direct connection, and a connection between commercial advertising and buying, it is a strong and effective direct relationship, in addition to commercial advertisements on Kurdish-sourced satellite channels.the importance of user information in selecting the necessary goods and services for the election It's the best choice. In addition, commercial advertising on Kurdish airlines has an important role to play in building trust and agreement with the Kurdistan Regional Government, particularly on topics that have been advertised commercially.

The role of creative industries in the regional economy

Aim. To analyze the role of creative industries in regional economic development with a focus on St. Petersburg. Objectives. To study theoretical approaches to the study of creative industries; to examine the existing concepts of creative industries; to analyze various methods of assessing creative industries and their impact on the regions; to evaluate the contribution of creative industries to the economy of St. Petersburg, to study their dynamics and impact on the socio-economic development of the city.Methods. The authors used general scientific research methods such as deduction, analysis, synthesis and logical analysis. Classical research methods were applied to collect and process data on creative industries.Results. The study determined the role of creative industries in the socio-economic development of regions. The understanding of further prospects of creative industries was formed. The fac[1]tors influencing the economic growth of the region were analyzed. The degree of development of creative industries in St. Petersburg is assessed and their contribution to the structure of gross regional product (GRP) of the region due to the available technical, logistical, digital, cultural and leisure infrastructure is presented. It is concluded that it is the synergetic development of creative industries and related services sector (wholesale and retail trade, catering, tourism, logistics) that can lead to an increase in the quality of life of the population in a particular region, which is the stated goal of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation (RF). Conclusions. Creative industries play a significant role in the regional economy, which is due to their ability to generate creative product and stimulate economic activity. The results of the study showed that the key indicators for assessing the contribution of creative industries are the volume of creative product in the regional GRP, the share of employment in creative sectors and the proportion of creative organizations from the total number of enterprises in the region. The research contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of creative industries’ influence on the socio-economic condition of a large Russian city, and provides a basis for the development of strategies to support and develop them

High rates of benzimidazole-resistance-associated alleles in Haemonchus contortus and detection of resistance against macrocyclic lactones in strongylids from German alpaca herds

The population of South American camelids (SAC) has been steadily growing in Europe, where they are confronted with the regional endoparasite population of ruminants. As there are no anthelmintic drugs registered for use against nematode infections in SACs, anthelmintics (AH) available for ruminants or horses are usually applied. Reports indicating potential failures in administered AH are increasing. However, the generally low egg counts in SACs complicate the application of resistance tests in the field. The present study reports a follow-up study on SAC farms where anthelmintic resistance (AR) was suspected. The aims were (i) to repeat faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRTs) on potentially affected farms identified in a previous study with larger sample sizes, (ii) to verify suspected AR of Haemonchus contortus against benzimidazoles (BZ) by performing a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis using digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR), and (iii) to apply the mini-FLOTAC technique for more reliable results at low egg counts in line with current recommendations. Seven farms (9–46 animals each) were examined by coproscopy, larval differentiation and SNP analysis. A FECRT was performed on six of these farms with moxidectin (three farms), monepantel (two farms) and ivermectin (one farm). The FEC was calculated according to the current World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines with the clinical protocol (a newly introduced variant of FECRT which can be used for smaller sample sizes and lower egg counts on the cost of sensitivity) and an expected efficacy of 99%. A high level (> 90%) of BZ-resistance-associated SNPs on codon 200 of H. contortus was observed on all farms. With the FECRT, resistance was demonstrated for ivermectin (74% FECR), while it remained inconclusive for one farm for moxidectin treatment. Sustained efficacy was demonstrated for the remaining treatments. This study showed an advanced level of BZ resistance in H. contortus of SACs and the development of AR against macrocyclic lactones on some farms. Thus, constant monitoring of AH treatment and sustainable worm control methods both need to be applied.Graphical

Canada's approach to SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance: Lessons learned for routine surveillance and future pandemics.

In Canada's federated healthcare system, 13 provincial and territorial jurisdictions have independent responsibility to collect data to inform health policies. During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023), national and regional sero-surveys mostly drew upon existing infrastructure to quickly test specimens and collect data but required cross-jurisdiction coordination and communication. There were 4 national and 7 regional general population SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveys. Survey methodologies varied by participant selection approaches, assay choices, and reporting structures. We analyzed Canadian pandemic sero-surveillance initiatives to identify key learnings to inform future pandemic planning. Over a million samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from 2020 to 2023 but siloed in 11 distinct datasets. Most national sero-surveys had insufficient sample size to estimate regional prevalence; differences in methodology hampered cross-regional comparisons of regional sero-surveys. Only four sero-surveys included questionnaires. Sero-surveys were not directly comparable due to different assays, sampling methodologies, and time-frames. Linkage to health records occurred in three provinces only. Dried blood spots permitted sample collection in remote populations and during stay-at-home orders. To provide timely, high-quality information for public health decision-making, routine sero-surveillance systems must be adaptable, flexible, and scalable. National capability planning should include consortiums for assay design and validation, defined mechanisms to improve test capacity, base documents for data linkage and material transfer across jurisdictions, and mechanisms for real-time communication of data. Lessons learned will inform incorporation of a robust sero-survey program into routine surveillance with strategic sampling and capacity to adapt and scale rapidly as a part of a comprehensive national pandemic response plan.

&lt;i&gt;FADS&lt;/i&gt; gene polymorphism and the history of the formation of the indigenous populations of Siberia

The polymorphism of the rs174570, rs74771917, and rs7115739 FADS-gene loci in Siberian populations was studied. It was shown that the frequency of the rs174570-T variant marking haplotype A with a reduced level of fatty acid desaturase expression in the modern indigenous populations increases in the direction from the south to the north of Siberia. Similarly, an increase in the frequency of the TTT haplotype at the rs174570, rs74771917, and rs7115739 loci was observed in the northern direction. However, in ancient times, the populations of Eastern Siberia (its northeastern part, Baikal region, and Primorye) were characterized by an equally high frequency of the rs174570-T variant (over 80%). It was shown that the main influx of the rs174570-C allele (and the CCG haplotype) to northeast Siberia occurred relatively recently, over the past 300 years, as a result of mating contacts between indigenous populations and immigrant groups of predominantly eastern European origin. The gene flow intensity (for the rs174570-C allele) is estimated to be 1.5-4.4% per generation. The appearance of the rs174570-C variant in the population of the Baikal region has been registered since the Eneolithic epoch, which is apparently associated mainly with the advance of the Afanasievo culture tribes to the east of Siberia. Meanwhile, analysis of paleogenomic data showed that the TTT haplotype, with high frequency distributed in modern Eskimos and Amerindians, was present in the upper Paleolithic population of the Amur region, and therefore its carriers apparently took part in the formation of the ancient Beringian population.

DNA barcoding reveals a taxonomic fraud: Note on validity of Propomacrusmuramotoae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae).

Until the early 2000s, the genus Propomacrus was known to comprise two species, occurring in the Eastern Mediterranean and Southeast China. The discovery of Propomacrusmuramotoae Fujioka in Tibet and subsequently in Bhutan and Nepal, might play a crucial role in bridging the geographical distribution gap of the Euchirini tribe between the Mediterranean and Central China, offering profound insights into its evolution and biogeography. However, all specimens, including the holotype specimen, were sourced from a single insect vendor, with no further specimens found or catalogued in museum collections thereafter. During our examination of a P.muramotoae specimen from a private collection in South Korea, we found its COI gene sequence to be identical to that of P.bimucronatus (Pallas) from Turkey, a species known for its wide distribution and genetic variability across regional populations. This overlap in genetic identity raised significant doubts, further compounded by our detection of deliberate modifications in essential diagnostic features during morphological examination. All three specimens we examined showed crude modifications, including staining and artificial grinding. Despite our inability to access the P.muramotoae type specimens for direct examination-a challenge we attempted to overcome through various means-it is evident that significant fraudulent tampering has occurred with the P.muramotoae specimens. Therefore, a new synonymy is proposed: Propomacrusbimucronatus Pallas, 1781 = P.muramotoae Fujioka, 2007 (syn. nov.). We also advocate for a straightforward verification of the type specimen through molecular analysis of the COI barcode region and morphological re-examination under a microscope for those who have access to the type specimens.

Determination of the general toxicity of the enriching compositions of bakeries using Stylonychia mytilus cultures

In order to improve public health, it is necessary to adhere to the basic principles of a healthy lifestyle, which include maintaining physical activity, a balanced diet, giving up tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as a number of other measures aimed at improving the quality and extending life expectancy. In particular, a regular imbalance of consumed vital nutrients contributes to the development of diseases such as vitamin deficiency and microelementosis. The most common causes of microelementosis include the quality of drinking water, the impact of anthropogenic factors on the environment and population, soil characteristics in the food production region, and others. One of the mechanisms for regulating violations of the elemental status of the population in regions with a recorded imbalance of essential elements is diet correction, which also includes the use of fortified food products. In order to optimize the technology for the production of functional products within small food enterprises and ensure the development of the market for functional bakery products, it is advisable to search for new methods for enriching basic food products with vital microelements. The purpose of the research was to assess the general toxicity of the formed enriching composition based on chitosan and zinc. To achieve this, an express method to determine the general toxicity on ciliates of the Stylonychia mytilus genus was used. The research allows us to conclude that it is safe to use a composition of chitosan and zinc in the recipes of bread made from premium wheat flour and whole grain wheat flour. The results are aimed at optimizing the technology of bread fortification by immobilizing the necessary essential microelement on the surface of a biopolymer carrier.

Interaction of the population with authorities using digital technologies: sociological analysis

In the modern world new formats of civil participation for the population are emerging, associated with the use of innovative technologies. The problem of introducing and developing digital services into the public administration system at all levels of government is urgent. Experts argue that digitalization will ensure an increase in the level of efficiency in the provision of public services to the population. The problematic field of research is the level of involvement of the population in interaction with government structures in the digital space. Mastering the information environment requires certain competencies that are not developed immediately. The speed of mastering such competencies depends on many factors, including the understanding of the need for their constant use. The goal of the research is to determine the attitude of the regional population towards digital technologies used for interaction between citizens and government agencies.Today, comprehensive sociological research on this topic is required. When working on a scientific article, methods of sociocultural analysis, document analysis, and empirical collection of primary information in the form of a survey were used. The main conclusion is that for the effective development of digital interaction between the population and the authorities, it is necessary not only to introduce, but also to increase the level of trust of citizens in the digital resources of the state.

РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ И ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ МОЧЕКАМЕННОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ В ЯРОСЛАВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

In modern society, urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases. The study of trends in the incidence and prevalence of the disease is important in practical medicine. The estimated annual increase in urolithiasis is about 3%. The causes of this phenomenon are discussed, and so far they are not fully known. The purpose of the study is to assess the cumulative incident and prevalence of urolithiasis among the adult population living in various municipal districts of the Yaroslavl region based on the analysis of statistical reports of state medical institutions and medical documentation for the period from 2018 to 2023. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of the statistical data of the work of state medical organizations of the Yaroslavl region for this period was carried out. An analysis of the total number of adult patients attached, changes in the number of patients attached, and the total number of patients diagnosed with urolithiasis was performed using the relevant International Classification of Diseases codes N20.0, N20.1, N20.2, N20.9, N23.Results and discussions. The results showed that in the city of Yaroslavl over the past 6 years there has been a natural increase in the adult population. However, a decrease in numbers was recorded between 2020 and 2021, possibly due to the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is also a steady trend towards a decrease in the adult population in regions outside the regional center. Conclusion: It can be noted that urolithiasis is a widespread chronic disease of the urogenital system among the adult population living in various areas of the Yaroslavl region.

Molecular characterisation of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes

ABSTRACT The application of microsatellite simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers has proven to be highly effective in genetically characterising the origins of various fruit species. Bosnia and Herzegovina boast abundant cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) germplasm within its natural habitats. This study focuses on three geographically distant regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina–Drvar, Mostar and Zenica–comprising a sample of 60 cornelian cherry genotypes. The genetic analysis of cornelian cherry utilised eight microsatellite primers to characterise the genetic makeup of the 60 genotypes. Notably, all observed loci in the three populations demonstrated 100% polymorphism. The total genetic differentiation is 0.042, which is also confirmed by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), which indicates that 3% of the total genetic variation is between groups, 8% between individuals and 89% within individuals. The results of pairwise Fst analysis (pFst) indicate that the greatest differentiation is between the populations of Mostar and Zenica (0.037), between Drvar and Zenica (0.026) and between Drvar and Mostar (0.025). The results of the genetic distance according to Nei confirm these results. Also, the largest difference was observed between the populations of Mostar and Zenica (0.316), then between Drvar and Zenica (0.285), and the smallest between Drvar and Mostar (0.251). This research contributes valuable insights into the genetic diversity and characterisation of cornelian cherry populations in different regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Dynamics of disability in the adult population of the Astrakhan region due to diseases of the cardiovascular system over 2016–2022

In the structure of primary disability pathologies of the cardiovascular system hold second position in the Astrakhan region. The article presents statistical indicators of primary and repeated disability of the population in the Astrakhan region due to diseases of the cardiovascular system from 2016 to 2022. Analysis of the structure of primary disability indicates that among the study population in the Astrakhan region there was a higher proportion of disabled people of group III. Elderly disabled people are in first place in the age structure of primary disability due to diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Exploring Bioactive Compounds in Underutilized Fruit Crops of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Comprehensive Review

Exploring the bioactive compounds in underutilized fruit crops of arid regions reveals a wealth of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, and carotenoids. These compounds exhibit significant health benefits, evidenced through both in vitro and in vivo studies, demonstrating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic and neuroactive properties. This review delves into the bioactive compounds found in fruits of arid and semi-arid regions, highlighting their phytochemical compositions and their potential in preventing chronic diseases, thereby enhancing human health. Underutilized fruit crops, typically grown and consumed locally rather than being commercially cultivated or widely traded, offer several advantages. They are easier to grow, more resilient to climate change, and exceptionally rich in phytochemicals with medicinal properties. These fruits, such as Indian jujube, Indian gooseberry, bael, and tamarind, among others, are valuable for their high nutritional content and potential to meet the dietary needs of rural populations in arid regions. Local knowledge attests to their nutritional and medicinal benefits, necessitating rigorous study for conservation and nutritional characterization to broaden future food options and enhance functional and nutritional values. This review outlines the ethnobotany, medicinal and nutritional values, biodiversity conservation, and utilization strategies for significant underutilized fruit crops from arid and semi-arid regions. These fruits are rich in diverse phytochemical compounds like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, and alkaloids, which are utilized to treat various health conditions in humans and livestock. Their extracts demonstrate a range of activities, including antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial and antinociceptive effects. Highlighting the current research on the nutritional profiling, chemical composition, and potential applications of these fruits, this chapter addresses the knowledge gap concerning the health benefits of consuming arid and semi-arid fruits. This is particularly relevant given the growing interest in "superfoods" and the need for evidence-based public health guidelines to inform consumers about the benefits of polyphenol-rich plant foods in preventing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.