Regional Organizations Research Articles

Management of Green Open Spaces in the Malang City Region, Indonesia

Based on Malang City Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2011 concerning Regional Spatial Planning in Malang City, regulations have been regulated regarding the existence, management, and availability of green open space in Malang City as an ecological balance in the Malang City area. However, this policy has only partially influenced green open space development, especially city parks. So currently, the Malang City government is managing and revitalizing several green open spaces (RTH) areas and city parks; even though they need to be improved, such funding problems hamper them. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The research location was carried out at the Malang City Environmental Service. The data sources are primary data and secondary data. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. For data analysis techniques in this research, we use techniques from Miles and Huberman, namely data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and data verification. The research results explain that budget problems have resulted in managing green open spaces limited to maintenance activities. This can be seen from indicators in policy implementation, which include the communication factor, namely the clarity of policy orders from the city government to the implementing organization, even though there has been no form of socialization to the public. The next factor is resources in the form of limited regional income and expenditure budgets, limiting the management of green open spaces. The third factor is good cooperation and coordination between related areas and regional apparatus organizations from within and outside the organization, such as the private sector or corporate social responsibility (CSR).Fourth, the bureaucratic structure, namely the organizational structure, the appropriate division of tasks and functions, and standard operational procedures have been implemented in green open space for the environmental service.

Regional and cellular organization of the autism-associated protein UBE3A/E6AP and its antisense transcript in the brain of the developing rhesus monkey.

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by mutations or deletions in the maternally-inherited UBE3A allele, leading to a loss of UBE3A protein expression in neurons. The paternally-inherited UBE3A allele is epigenetically silenced in neurons during development by a noncoding transcript (UBE3A-ATS). The absence of neuronal UBE3A results in severe neurological symptoms, including speech and language impairments, intellectual disability, and seizures. While no cure exists, therapies aiming to restore UBE3A function-either by gene addition or by targeting UBE3A-ATS-are under development. Progress in developing these treatments relies heavily on inferences drawn from mouse studies about the function of UBE3A in the human brain. To aid translational efforts and to gain an understanding of UBE3A and UBE3A-ATS biology with greater relevance to human neurodevelopmental contexts, we investigated UBE3A and UBE3A-ATS expression in the developing brain of the rhesus macaque, a species that exhibits complex social behaviors, resembling aspects of human behavior to a greater degree than mice. Combining immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we mapped UBE3A and UBE3A-ATS regional and cellular expression in normal prenatal, neonatal, and adolescent rhesus macaque brains. We show that key hallmarks of UBE3A biology, well-known in rodents, are also present in macaques, and suggest paternal UBE3A silencing in neurons-but not glial cells-in the macaque brain, with onset between gestational day 48 and 100. These findings support proposals that early-life, perhaps even prenatal, intervention is optimal for overcoming the maternal allele loss of UBE3A linked to AS.

The extent of accessibility of Indian regional tourism organisations' websites for persons with visual impairment: an exploratory study

The extent of accessibility of Indian regional tourism organisations' websites for persons with visual impairment: an exploratory study

Siak green policy in environmental political flows in Indonesia: Political policy perspectives, gender mainstreaming and public participation

The Siak Hijau policy is a barometer of the success of regional governments in supporting the achievement of the SDGs in Indonesia. This policy is in line with the long-term vision for the development of Riau and Siak which prioritizes environmental governance, increasing participatory space and transparency. This study was carried out in collaboration between the Siak Regency Government, FITRA Riau and other stakeholders. The research method used is a qualitative research method, data collection is carried out using structured interviews and observation. Directed discussions at regional apparatus organization forums were carried out to obtain complete data. This study found that the green siak policy is a policy that has received a lot of support from non-governmental organizations. However, this policy is not yet gender responsive because there is no special budget allocation that is affirmative towards empowering women’s groups. Public participation in this policy is quite good considering that public involvement in planning and implementing the Green Siak policy continues to be encouraged by the Siak Regency regional government.

Научные пути решения проблем организации и планирования перевозок грузов в районы Крайнего Севера и Арктические зоны России

The dominant concept of socio-economic innovation in the modern world is sustainable development, especially of the northern regions. This is explained by the following features: a) harsh weather and climatic conditions; b) the high dependence of the population’s livelihoods on the timely supply of energy, food and consumer goods; c) insufficient development of the transport and logistics system; d) high vulnerability of the environment to anthropogenic impacts; e) the need to preserve the traditional way of life of the population of the northern territories; f) the relevance of expanding production and economic activities for the development of the natural resources of the northern territories. These features have a significant impact on the structure and management of the transport and logistics system of the northern regions. The article discusses the features of planning and managing cargo transportation in the northern regions of Russia. Ensuring the reliability of cargo transportation is determined by the availability and use of initial information used in planning and organizing the work of transport enterprises. Modern information technologies (IT) improve the quality of this information and the speed of data exchange between regional transport departments and transport organizations.

Legal forms of cooperation between Kazakhstan and Saudi Arabia in the process of using the potential of international organizations

Although Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Kazakhstan are geographically located quite far from each other, they are nevertheless linked by dozens of international legal documents that facilitate their cooperation in a number of areas. This cooperation is facilitated by the presence of Kazakhstan and Saudi Arabia in a number of universal and large regional international organizations. By combining efforts with international organizations these subjects of modern international law, member States, including Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Kazakhstan, protect their internal interests and satisfy not only their diverse needs, but also the needs of all member States of the relevant international organization. The article refers to the organizational and legal forms of cooperation between these two States within the framework of universal and regional international organizations as follows: 1) support and participation in the development of the texts of the international conventions under the auspices of the relevant international organization; 2) participation in the implementation of such international conventions in bilateral, regional and universal formats; 3) combining the efforts of two or more states in carrying out the reform of the internal mechanisms of the international organization; 4) ensuring control over all types of weapons and achieving the goals of disarmament; 5) assistance in developing a unified position of all Member States on establishing proper law and order in the international arena; 6) the creation of Islamic banking.

The management of the Covid-19 pandemic and its potential for the relaunch of Latin American and Caribbean regionalism

Covid-19 became a global public health problem of enormous dimensions. Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) governments reacted to prevent the spread of the virus unilaterally in most cases, but some responses were proposed at the regional and subregional levels. The region saw the pandemic emerge in a context of ideological polarization between governments, as a bad omen for its numerous and overlapping regional groupings, which already showed weaknesses and limitations. However, the broad impact of a public health crisis could give regional organizations the opportunity to push for the achieving of a collective agreement that might drive the process further. This paper focuses on the response of Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), Caribbean Community (CARICOM), and Central American Integration System (SICA) in the face of the pandemic and beyond. Our main argument is that the public health crisis of Covid-19 entailed a potential for the relaunch of regionalism improving cooperation, unity and other advanced forms of regionalism. Case studies indicate that the active regional response to the coronavirus owed much to previously installed institutional and political capacity. In CARICOM and SICA, the political will of the presidents coincided with a semi-autonomous activation of the institutional response, leading to optimal results. Still, political leadership may compensate for institutional weakness. The experience of CELAC revealed that leadership in agenda-setting with a technical focus can help promote dialogue and cooperation in a context of ideological polarization.

THE AFRICAN UNION, MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION: LEGAL FOUNDATION, THE MIGRATION POLICY FRAMEWORK AND CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL SHORTCOMINGS

The African Union is a regional organisation established and mandated to accelerate African regional integration. However, migration remains one of the challenges for African regional integration. African states have been experiencing a high number of migrations, making it worth looking for a solution. The African Union has a migration policy framework, but the problem persists. This paper reviews the AU's migration policy framework and its challenges and provides insights into ways to enhance its implementation. To this end, the author reviewed different conventions adopted by the AU and secondary data.

Beyond Ukraine: Examining the Potential for Great Power Competition in Africa

Introduction: Great power competition in Africa is a multifaceted phenomenon with significant implications for regional stability, economic development, security, and governance. This study explores the drivers, strategies, and impacts of major global powers in Africa, aiming to deepen our understanding of the complexities of great power rivalry on the continent. Methodology: Employing a qualitative research approach, this study conducts a comprehensive review of existing literature, scholarly research, and expert insights to analyze great power competition in Africa. Data collection involves gathering and synthesizing information from diverse sources, followed by qualitative analysis techniques to interpret key findings and insights. Results/Findings: The study identifies several key findings, including the strategies employed by major global powers, the challenges posed by great power competition, and the role of regional organizations in managing external influence in Africa. Future Directions: Building on these findings, future research directions could explore the long-term implications of great power competition on sustainable development, governance, and regional cooperation in Africa.

Евгений Иванович Тимонин: историк и педагог. 1927–2013 гг.

The article is a comprehensive study of the biography and scientific work of Evgeny Ivanovich Timonin. As part of the study of the biography, the author, actively relying on the poetic legacy of E. I. Timonin, publications in scientific journals and the press, restores the picture of rural life in Soviet Siberia in the 1920s and 1930s. Later, E. I. Timonin’s studies at Tomsk State University, his contacts with teachers and front-line students, are studied. The author of the article pays great attention to the service of E. I. Timonin worked at the Ministry of State Security of the USSR, his work at the Beloyarsk seven-year school, Omsk Higher School of Militia. A serious volume of the article is devoted to the analysis of E. I. Timonin’s cooperation with the Omsk regional organization of the society «Knowledge» and work after the collapse of the USSR. E. I. Timonin left 200 works on history and historiography, 10 monographs, 20 pamphlets and dozens of newspaper publications on the history of the region to future generations of historians. A more worthy monument to the historianresearcher could not be found. The article is intended to perpetuate the memory of E. I. Timonin, taking into account his centennial anniversary.

Performance Issues of Regional Organizations in Central Asia

Performance Issues of Regional Organizations in Central Asia

Local Leadership in Implementing Public Digital Transformation towards Deli Serdang Smart City

One of the challenges in encouraging digital transformation within local government is the commitment to developing a comprehensive digital ecosystem. This study aims to see how local leadership can integrate Smart City Policy in transforming regional government governance to be more efficient and fairer. This research is qualitative based with a descriptive approach. The research results show that digital transformation in the Deli Serdang Regency Government has yet to impact the smart city's main goals. The Smart City concept is no longer limited to just ICT diffusion, city leaders must innovate in core service areas in implementing the Smart City concept. However, there is still a silo mentality in regional apparatus organizations, which is shown by the resistance and rejection of e-gov, which is triggered by a lack of awareness and appreciation for e-gov, and unwillingness to share data and information, thus causing inefficient information flow to support public service performance. There is a need to incorporate knowledge of social values and unique institutional arrangements by encouraging partnership synergy in utilizing local leaders' resources and capacities in smart city implementation. Local leaders must restructure and act in line with core public values and combine the values of digitalization with a democratic context to achieve a prosperous society that prioritizes equality and participation.

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AS PEACE-BUILDERS: A LIBERAL APPROACH TO CONFLICT MITIGATION

The article focuses on the role regional organizations play in regional peace-building within the theoretical framework of liberalism. Using a critical analysis of some of the key organizations, including but not limited to, the United Nations, European Union, African Union, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, this study looks at how liberal cooperation, multilateralism, and institutional governance help in efforts to prevent regional conflicts. The performance of these organizations in managing conflicts in the diverse regional context identifies their successes and shortcomings. The region of study particularly shines the light on how challenges have arisen from applying Western liberal frameworks in regions that were supposed to be non-Western and takes into consideration historical, cultural, and political conditions that require more adaptability and inclusiveness in peace-building interventions. This article argues that though liberalism remains the most significant tool in contemporary peace building, however its future requires a more fluid and multilevel engagement aimed at bringing local, national, and regional actors together in work toward sustainable peace.

Unlocking animal genetic resources for enhanced productivity: The power lies in the genes

This article underscores the glaring divide in the application of animal breeding science between developed and developing countries, shedding light on the success of developed countries in leveraging breeding techniques for sustainable productivity and robust livestock industries. In contrast, developing countries grapple with challenges in recognizing the value of animal genetics as a transformative science to optimize their livestock production. Beyond the conventional barriers such as feed scarcity, high prices, and climate shifts, commonly attributed to poor livestock productivity in developing nations, the crux of the issue lies in the misconceptions surrounding genetics. The article contends that a comprehensive understanding of within-breed variation is pivotal to assess and appreciate animals based on their genetic potential, emphasizing that genes, not phenotypes, drive progress across generations. To address these challenges, specific breeding measures are advocated, and collaborative organizations among livestock owners are deemed essential. However, the scarcity of animal breeders, well-versed in classical genetics, poses a significant hurdle. Despite global initiatives from international and regional organizations, impactful change at the grassroots level remains limited. While acknowledging the transformative role of the digital revolution, it underscores the enduring value of traditional hands-on workshops, especially in pilot projects with local communities and large-scale farmers. For nations lacking established genetic improvement programs, adopting FAO guidelines is advised as a prudent starting point. In essence, the article advocates a holistic approach to bridge the gap and foster inclusive development in the realm of animal breeding science.

Implementation of Public Service Innovation in Dynamic Governance of Dukcapil Pekanbaru City

Institutional or governmental innovation is a benchmark in carrying out a dynamic governance perspective. It is intended that the government is able to implement these policies with dynamic changing conditions. This research intends to add an explanation of how the concept of dynamic governance is applied in public service innovation in local government organizations. One interesting case to be elaborated in this research is public service innovation in one of the Pekanbaru City regional apparatus organizations, namely the Population and Civil Registration Office, which applies many dynamic governance principles. The purpose of this study is to determine the success and failure of the application of public service innovation in the perspective of dynamic governance in Pekanbaru City, which conducts a study at the Population and Civil Registration Office. This research uses the theory of Service Innovation according to Rogers and the theory of dynamic governance according to Boon and Geraldine This research uses qualitative research methods with case study methods. Researchers use case studies with intrinsic types. This type is research conducted on the basis of interest in a particular case. In this case, researchers see how the form of application of public service innovation in the perspective of dynamic governance in Pekanbaru City. The results obtained from this study are the successes and failures found in each instrument of service innovation in the perspective of dynamic governance.

The Five Reporting Bottom Lines, Implementation of Integrated Reporting <IR> Towards Sustainable Development Management Accountability

Objective - This research aims to examine the role of the five reporting bottom lines in explaining the implementation communication of integrated reporting <IR> towards sustainable development management accountability. Methodology/Technique – We conducted research as a mixed method, through a survey using a questionnaire for 155 respondents as stakeholders in the context of sustainable development management accountability. This research occupied path analysis tools and informational analysis for the data obtained through semi-structured interviews. Findings - The results showed that the first structural equation, which includes the triple bottom line, governance bottom line, and empowerment bottom line, is related to implementation integrated reporting <IR>. Then, the second structural relationship showed the implementation of <IR>, triple bottom line, governance bottom line, and empowerment bottom line, has a connection towards sustainable development management accountability within the achievement of SDGs within the four pillars of the 17 goals of the SDGs. Novelty - This research provides insight by evidence that the five reporting bottom lines theory with a voluntary initiative using the 5 STAR reporting index can also be applied within regional government organizations. This research is helpful for the regional government to meet the contemporary reporting systems and to strengthen the accountability of regional action plans of regional governments as part of a commitment to achieve sustainable development nationally and globally. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: M40, M49. Keywords: five reporting bottom lines, implementation communication, integrated reporting, sustainable development management accountability Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Hifni, S; Wijaya, R; Hayat, A; Ariffin, Z. (2023). The Five Reporting Bottom Lines, Implementation of Integrated Reporting <IR> Towards Sustainable Development Management Accountability, Acc. Fin. Review, 8(3), 64 – 81. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2023.8.3(2)

Investigating the Causes of Intraregional Challenges of SAARC

SAARC is a regional cooperation organization in South Asia that has not played a significant role in regional convergence in South Asia in reducing tensions and solving regional crises since its establishment. Serious challenges among SAARC members have made regional cooperation difficult. The actors in this region view each other with suspicion, which has increased tensions and instability in the region. As the causes of intraregional challenges of SAARC are discussed in this article, the central question raised is: What are the factors of intraregional challenges of SAARC? The hypothesis of this research has been raised as follows: Political differences, land disputes, and border disputes have put regional cooperation among SAARC members under strain and intensified competition, which is discussed in this research. This research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library-based. The current research is important in that it examines the internal challenges among SAARC members and highlights it. The findings of this research indicate that SAARC member countries have become victims of regional political competition, resulting in intensified arms competition, increased poverty, and hindering regional economic and trade development.

Migration Management in the Western Balkan Region: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Introduction. For centuries, the Western Balkan region has been actively involved in international migration processes, mainly generating flows of migrants to other states. The European migration crisis has led to the region has become one of the main hub of transit migration from Asia and Africa to the European Union states. The European Union – a global center of gravity for migrants implement an active migration management policy in the region. The purpose of the article is to identify the impact of European Union policy towards the Western Balkans on the development of the migration crisis in the region as a whole and in Bosnia and Herzegovina in particular. Materials and Methods. The study is based on statistical materials on migration of international and regional organizations. The analysis of the features of political regulation of migration in the region is carried out on systematic approach and content analysis of numerous declarations and treaties, as well as published scientific research. Results. The study revealed that the externalization and securitization of migration policy carried out by the European Union leads to an aggravation of the crisis in the Western Balkans, which are actually turning into a buffer zone for deterring and filtering migrants. The strengthening of migration and border control in the region has led to the diversification of migration flows; as a result Bosnia and Herzegovina has become one of the main centers of transit migration. Discussion and Conclusion. Bosnia and Herzegovina, following the course of joining the European Union, systematically takes all imposed decisions in the field of migration management. However, these deals lead to an increase in migration pressure on the country that it is not prepared due to its internal political and economic problems. Contradictions between the central and regional authorities of the country in fundamental issues of migration policy reinforce the tendencies towards its disintegration. Data on the scale of migration in the region, its analysis and conclusions on the principles of European Union migration policy will be useful to researchers in the field of migration processes, and can be used by government agencies for developing a Russian strategy for managing immigration processes.

Climate Change, Peace, and Language Usage in the United Nations Reports within the ASEAN Style of Multilateralism

This paper focuses on Indonesia's efforts to tackle peace-related climate change, which shows the ASEAN style of multilateralism. The multilateralism style of this Southeast Asian Regional Organization (ASEAN) highlights passivity and ineffective collaboration in the area. By studying the United Nations General Assembly plenary sessions between 2016 and 2021 and the formal documents from both the ASEAN and the Indonesian government, the paper shows that commitment to the discussion at the global and international levels is not moved beyond the meetings or implemented at the local (country) level. With such normative terminologies used in the documents and the employment of its language usage, Southeast Asian multilateralism shows the practice of upholding principles/norms in discussing climate change, but not as an outcome or action. As climate crisis action is immediately needed, one possible way can be to start by using strong words to tackle climate crises in global commitments and start to act.

AGREEMENTS ON TRANSBOUNDARY WATER BODIES: STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

The article deals with the regulation of transboundary water bodies on the basis of multilateral and bilateral agreements of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the countries of Central Asia, the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the existing international agreements regulating the issues of joint use of transboundary water bodies and to develop proposals to address issues related to insufficient volume of incoming water. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the destruction of the unified system of regulation of the water industry, surface waters ceased to be considered internal water bodies, and acquired a transboundary character requiring comprehensive international legal regulation. Particular attention to transboundary water bodies is due to the high dependence of Kazakhstan on neighboring countries forming more than 40 km3 out of 100 km3 of the total long-term flow of rivers and temporary watercourses. Of the existing 8 water management basins of the country, only the Nura-Sarysu basin does not have transboundary water bodies. A decrease in the volume of water can have a negative impact on industrial production, utilities and agriculture of the country. The adoption of preventive measures and the conclusion of transparent agreements with neighboring countries will avoid catastrophic consequences for the country's economy and human life. In this regard, the authorized state bodies represented by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, as well as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, need to actively use dialogue platforms within the framework of regional organizations and signed agreements to build the potential of relations between neighboring countries to address issues of equal water allocation. The comparative legal method was used as the main research method, which allowed analyzing the existing interstate agreements. The results of the study indicate a large amount of work done between neighboring countries, however, modern global challenges encourage countries to defend a tougher position that meets national interests, which in turn is not always beneficial for downstream countries.