Unlocking animal genetic resources for enhanced productivity: The power lies in the genes

Abstract

This article underscores the glaring divide in the application of animal breeding science between developed and developing countries, shedding light on the success of developed countries in leveraging breeding techniques for sustainable productivity and robust livestock industries. In contrast, developing countries grapple with challenges in recognizing the value of animal genetics as a transformative science to optimize their livestock production. Beyond the conventional barriers such as feed scarcity, high prices, and climate shifts, commonly attributed to poor livestock productivity in developing nations, the crux of the issue lies in the misconceptions surrounding genetics. The article contends that a comprehensive understanding of within-breed variation is pivotal to assess and appreciate animals based on their genetic potential, emphasizing that genes, not phenotypes, drive progress across generations. To address these challenges, specific breeding measures are advocated, and collaborative organizations among livestock owners are deemed essential. However, the scarcity of animal breeders, well-versed in classical genetics, poses a significant hurdle. Despite global initiatives from international and regional organizations, impactful change at the grassroots level remains limited. While acknowledging the transformative role of the digital revolution, it underscores the enduring value of traditional hands-on workshops, especially in pilot projects with local communities and large-scale farmers. For nations lacking established genetic improvement programs, adopting FAO guidelines is advised as a prudent starting point. In essence, the article advocates a holistic approach to bridge the gap and foster inclusive development in the realm of animal breeding science.