Regional Office Research Articles

Implementation of the One Data Policy in the State Civil Apparatus Sector in the Implementation of One Data Indonesia in the Work Area of Regional Office XI of the State Civil Service Agency

The one data policy for State Civil Apparatus is a necessity. This is done to create an integration of personnel data that can be accessed nationally and is well organized, and to support better decision-making related to ASN policies. This study was conducted to determine the process of implementing One Data for ASN Fields in the Implementation of One Data Indonesia in the Work Area of ​​Regional Office XI BKN in promotion services. Research data was collected through interviews, observations and secondary data reviews. By using a qualitative design, it was found that its implementation in promotion services for North Sulawesi Provincial Government agencies had obstacles that disrupted efforts to achieve the objectives of the State Civil Service Agency Regulation Number 13 of 2022. Lack of attention from ASN to personal personnel data, frequent employee rotation and the ability of implementers to use technology hindered the achievement of policy implementation objectives.

Enhancing information for action: A strategic tool for strengthening public health emergency management systems.

This paper addresses the importance of timely and robust information systems that underpin emergency response decision-making, as evidenced during the COVID-19 pandemic in the WHO European Region. Recognizing the relevance of these systems, we propose the strengthening of national emergency response information management systems (ERIMS) within the broader digital health information system (HIS) framework. We aim to develop and present an innovative assessment tool designed to evaluate and assist in the strengthening of ERIMS, contributing to a more resilient and effective emergency response. This study presents the development of an ERIMS assessment tool using a systems-based approach and defined standards by the WHO Regional Office for Europe. The tool provides a systematic methodology to evaluate and enhance a country's ERIMS capacity, and is designed to accommodate different information system architecture, emergency response coordination mechanisms, and digitalisation levels. The development process involved consultations with experts in digital health, emergency management, and public health policy, as well as lessons identified through pilot implementation of the assessment tool in several countries. The application of this tool revealed gaps in existing ERIMS and highlighted the importance of digital transformation in emergency management practices. The tool facilitated the identification of priority areas for improvement and supported the establishment of best practices and international standards for digital health initiatives that relate to emergency management. This assessment tool represents a contribution to the field of digital health and emergency management. It offers a way for countries to enhance their emergency response capabilities, focusing on information for action. By improving ERIMS, countries can ensure better preparedness, timely response and effective recovery from health emergencies, thereby strengthening global health security in the face of future challenges.

Implementation of the I'DIS (Integrated Discipline) Application in Imposing Disciplinary Punishments on Civil Servants in Government Agencies in the Province of North Sulawesi

The use of the I'DIS Application in the implementation of the Imposition of Disciplinary Punishments for Civil Servants is indicated to be inconsistent between regulations and their implementation. Many Government Agencies in the working area of ​​the Regional Office XI BKN Manado still do not use the I'DIS Application and do not understand the input process or have not reached the stage of the process of making a Disciplinary Punishment Decree. This study aims to describe and analyze the Implementation of the I'DIS (Integrated Discipline) Application in the Imposition of Disciplinary Punishments for Civil Servants in Government Agencies in the Province of North Sulawesi. By using a qualitative design, it was found that the Implementation of the I'DIS Application in the imposition of disciplinary punishments for Civil Servants in Government Agencies in the Province of North Sulawesi still lacks a deeper understanding of the application, especially when technical guidance is carried out online. Likewise, resources including human resources, facilities and infrastructure are inadequate.

The Existence of the State Civil Apparatus Information System (SIASN) in the Process of Determining the Decree on Promotion of Civil Servants in Agencies in the Work Area of the Regional Office XI BKN Manado

Building an integrated electronic-based government system in personnel management is very important today. Transformation of the personnel management service process based on information technology is a mandate from the Regulation of the Head of BKN Number 20 of 2008 concerning the Personnel Service Application System (SAPK). Proposals for promotion are one form of service that is currently carried out through SAPK. The Regional Office XI BKN Manado has the responsibility in the process of determining the decision letter for the promotion of Civil Servants. This study was conducted to describe the existence of SIASN in the timeliness of determining the decision letter for the promotion of Civil Servants at Agencies in the Work Area of ​​the Regional Office XI BKN Manado and what aspects cause delays in determining the decision letter for the promotion of Civil Servants. By using a qualitative design, it was found that there were slight weaknesses in the criteria for bureaucratic compliance (compliance) which can be seen from the delay in the signing stage of the decision letter for the promotion by the authorized official even though the SIASN operator had tried to be on time. The delay in signing the SKKP, although not caused by the dysfunction of the SIASN system, this obstacle still has a significant impact on the credibility of SIASN as a system designed to accelerate the promotion process.

Water hyacinth [Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.)] invasion: implications for livelihoods in the central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Water hyacinth spans extensive geographic areas in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Its impact on livelihoods is connected to the production of crops, fish, livestock, and other activities that influence costs and returns for rural smallholders. This invasive weed affects crop production by invading farmland adjacent to the lakes and has an impact on livestock by covering grazing land meant for animal feed. Although several studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, the livelihood impact of water hyacinth has been scarcely analyzed, quantified, and documented. This study evaluates the adverse effects of water hyacinth, particularly on crop production, livestock management, fish harvesting, and other off-farm incomes, by comparing groups of respondents’ proximity to Lake Koka and Demel in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia before and after a specified period. Data were collected from 348 sample households based on the nearness of farmlands to the lakes, both adjacent to (≤ 300 m) and distant from invaded lakes, six focus group discussions, six key informant interviews, and field observations to assess the impact using propensity scores, difference-in-differences, and weighted least squares methods. The result of difference-in-differences shows a decline in the total annual income by 823 ETB, income from crop production by 329 ETB per year, and income from off-farm activities by 6,952 ETB per year for those living adjacent to the invaded lakes. Although the impact varies according to the intensity of the water hyacinth infestation, it adversely affects rural livelihoods by reducing crop yields and returns from off-farm activities. The study did not find any significant impact on livestock production and harvested fish. Other control variables, such as education, experience, and interactions like dependency-age, experience-education, and land-lake, also influenced the impact of livelihood. As hypothesized, water hyacinth has caused differences in on-farm and off-farm incomes between groups of respondents. Further research is suggested to investigate the fish species favored and affected by this invasive weed. Ultimately, the impact of water hyacinth is of significant interest to affected communities, regional offices, policymakers, and scientists.

A Preliminary Pilot Farmers’ Market Survey of the Triple-Wash Method: A West Virginia Farmers’ Market Survey of Very Small Produce Growers' Knowledge of Microbial Contamination and Their Perception of the Triple-Wash Method

Fresh produce sold at local farmers’ markets (FMs) was identified as a source of microbial contamination. In this study, a survey was developed to analyze small and very small produce growers’ knowledge of food safety. The questionnaire also assessed producers’ familiarity and willingness to implement the triple wash method (TWM). Surveys were conducted at FMs in West Virginia. The survey included demographics, knowledge of microbial cross-contamination on produce, washing strategies, awareness of the TWM, and willingness to attend good agricultural practice/ Food Safety Modernization Act (GAPS/FSMA) and TWM training. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test (P < 0.05) in R-software. A total of 82 vendors participated in the survey. The survey results revealed knowledge gaps about food safety among FM produce vendors. Additionally, 53.7% of FM vendors did not wash their produce due to increased spoilage (52.6%; P < 0.05). Among participants who washed produce, only 28.2% were familiar with the TWM. Most respondents who washed produce (65.3%; P < 0.05) stated they would be interested in attending GAP/FSMA and TWM training. The information obtained from this study will help tailor GAP/FSMA and TWM training provided by regional extension offices.

Prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in forensic blood samples from different causes of death in central Andes region in Colombia

IntroductionThe objective of this study was twofold: first, to evaluate the method of sample collection that would enable the measurement of Toxoplasma antibodies in forensic samples, and second, to report the prevalence of antibodies in deceased individuals due to traffic accidents, homicides, and suicides who are brought to the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Western Regional Office (INMLCF) in Armenia, Manizales and Pereira, cities located in the center andes region of Colombia. MethodsInitially, we assessed the feasibility of measuring antibodies on filter paper or in Vacutainer tubes. Serum samples from 15 voluntary individuals were collected as controls, and the measurement of antibodies on filter paper was compared with the same samples collected in Vacutainer tubes after two days at room temperature. Subsequently, 42 blood samples were collected from forensic cases involving various causes of death in Manizales, Armenia, and Pereira. Measurement of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies was performed using the VIDAS II kit from Biomerieux®. ResultsThe volunteer samples consistently tested negative when using filter paper, whereas their positivity was preserved when collected in Vacutainer tubes and before 48 hours after death. Therefore, the forensic samples were collected using Vacutainer tubes. Out of the 42 forensic blood samples, 19 (45.2%) tested positive for IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. All samples tested negative for IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. A significant association was observed between antibody positivity and the city of origin, while deaths due to traffic accidents showed a negative association with toxoplasmosis. ConclusionsWe found that filter paper was unsuitable for collecting samples for post-mortem serological studies. The positivity of antibodies varied significantly depending on the city, and in Manizales, deaths resulting from traffic accidents were not associated with toxoplasmosis.

Managing institutional multiplicity: a case of a bilateral development agency’s regional office

PurposeDrawing on institutionalism supplemented by a micro-political perspective, this study explores how a bilateral development agency’s (BDA’s) regional office manages institutional multiplicity, a situation where organisations are embedded into the institutional environments of their headquarters and multiple host countries.Design/methodology/approachI remotely conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 staff members of a BDA’s regional office in South-East Europe. Reflexive Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the interview data.FindingsTwo themes are developed. One is an institutional decomposition strategy. The subject office decomposes institutional multiplicity into more manageable multiple institutional dualities by deploying local representatives to host countries. The other is the division of duties to demonstrate legitimacy. The division designates who in the office demonstrate legitimacy in which institutional environment. These proactive actions by the office (i.e., the decomposition and the division) question the institutionalist assertion that external institutional conditions determine organisational behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings may not directly apply to other public sector organisations because BDAs’ overseas offices are “donors” for their host countries. In addition, themes developed in the context of South-East Europe may not be generalisable to other regions.Practical implicationsBDA staff members should understand that institutional decomposition through the deployment of local representatives is a rational strategy to deal with complex conditions of institutional multiplicity. They should also understand that experienced local representatives are required to achieve this strategy.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study to examine how a public sector organisation’s regional office manages complex institutional multiplicity from a micro-macro combined perspective.

교정공무원의 정신건강에 영향을 주는 요인에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze the various factors affecting the mental health of correctional officials, and provide basic data to improve their mental health. We collected data from 430 correctional officials belonging to the S Metropolitan city, D Metropolitan city and G Metropolitan city regional correctional offices. A total of 426 data points were used for the final analysis, excluding 4 unfaithful responses. In order to find out the factors affecting the mental health of correctional officials, which are the dependent variables, we divided the independent variables into a demographic factor, drinking level, risk factors (job stress, post-traumatic stress disorder) and protective factors (self-esteem and resilience). As a data analysis method, we conducted hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 28.0. The results are as follows. First, we found that hobbies and work experience, (both demographic factors), had a significant effect on the mental health of correctional officials. This effect was also observed at drinking level. Second, the effect of drinking level disappeared when risk and protective factors were added. Third, job stress and PTSD were negatively related to the mental health of correctional officials, while self-esteem and resilience was a positive influence. Finally, self-esteem was the most influential of all factors, followed by job stress, PTSD, and resilience. The results can be useful for understanding of mental health problems of correctional officals, and also developing policies and programs. Based on the results, we suggest encouraging hobby activities as a compensation for long-term employees, as well as supporting psychological counseling. In addition, we propose effective measures, such as establishing a support system for managing job stress and PTSD, as well as programs to strengthen self-esteem and resilience.

Reform of the Calculation of Premium Contributions for State Administrator Participants

This study aims to assess the impact of the reform of the calculation of premium contributions from state administrators collecting based on Presidential Regulation Number 64 of 2020 with Local Government Contribution Reconciliation Application (ARIP), which involves a collaboration with stakeholders, namely the regional government, which is related to increasing the receipt of contributions from regional civil servants in revenue and stakeholder involvement for the sustainability of the National Health Insurance Program. ARIP is an information system that aims to ensure accountability in calculating contributions from regional officials through reconciling contributions between local governments and BPJS Kesehatan. The research used a population of 547 regional governments that used ARIP during 2020-2023. Each sample was analyzed before and after using ARIP quantitatively and descriptively based on receiving contributions from regional civil servants. The hypothesis was tested using paired samples t-test, with significance 0.001< 0.05 and value of t-count = 6.973> t-table = 1.964, then Ha was accepted. Thus, the acceptance of contributions from regional civil servants differs before and after the implementation of ARIP. According to the Cohen classification table, ARIP had a medium impact on accepting the receipt of contributions from regional civil servants, with an effect size of 0.298. Based on the analysis, implementing ARIP increases the receipt of contributions from regional officials, which was 41.303 billion rupiah and increased by 3.234 billion rupiah to 44.537 billion rupiah

Integrated Care Implemented in the Children's Hospital From the Interwar Period as the Source of Good Practices for the Contemporary Concept of Coordinated Care Based on the WHO Model.

The article tests the hypothesis that we can draw practical knowledge from the experience of service providers operating in the past. The research questions were formulated: can the historical example of the organization of medical care in the Polish Children's Hospital named after Karol and Maria be used as a viable example today? Is it relevant for contemporary practitioners? And do we still use the knowledge of predecessors? The authors decided to use the interwar Hospital and an operating paediatric ward of the Child-Friendly Hospital for a comparative analysis. The model of the European Regional Office of the World Health Organization for integrated delivery of health services was adopted as the analysis framework. We based the analysis on descriptive methods, starting with a literature review of routine activities of the Karol and Maria Hospital (historical example) and a paediatric hospital in Poland (contemporary example), then we conducted a comparative transversal study concerning the extent to which integrated care occurs in the WHO model. Finally, the elements of the process evaluation were used in the work. The research model used enabled us to provide answers to the research questions formulated. The comparative study of a historical hospital and a contemporary one has shown that some problems and ways of solving them constantly reappear in the discussion on the management of evidence-based medical care. Sourcing good practices from the past can be a good research method for current practitioners. It seems that while the technical aspects of integrated care initiated in the past are developing perfectly, the approach to the evidence-based medicine is waiting to be developed again.

The influence of transformational leadership on employee performance across generations (Gen X, Gen Y, Gen Z) with employee motivation as a mediating variable

This study analyzes the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance across generations (Generation X, Y, and Z) with motivation as a mediating variable, in PT. BCA, Tbk Regional Office VII Malang City. The challenge faced is the difference in generational characteristics that require different leadership approaches to create a productive work environment.The research method used is a quantitative approach with Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to employees and analyzed using SmartPLS software. The results of the study show that transformational leadership has a significant positive effect on the motivation and performance of Generation X and Y employees. However, in Generation Z, motivation does not significantly mediate the influence of transformational leadership on performance.These findings show that Generation X is more influenced by financial rewards and compensation, while Generation Y is more motivated by appropriate benefits and appreciation. On the other hand, Generation Z needs leaders with clear direction and charisma rather than traditional incentive-based motivation. Therefore, organizations need to adapt their leadership styles based on the specific needs of each generation to optimally improve employee performance.

Sosialisasi Humas Kanwil BPN Jatim Dalam Program PTSL Untuk Meningkatkan Kesadaran Masyarakat

The low level of registration and certification of land plots is one of the problems that must be addressed by Public Relations of the BPN East Java Regional Office in the PTSL program. In various regions there is a need for land and the need to improve the level of national welfare, economic and social justice. Many people don't know that this program exists. Therefore, outreach activities that provide services to people who may not have access to these services must be socialized with a variety of different strategies to increase awareness of the surrounding community. The important role of public relations is to always carry out outreach and be responsible for influencing the perception of public awareness regarding land certificate registration. The method used is descriptive qualitative, namely a data collection method using in-depth interviews. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the public relations outreach used by the East Java BPN Regional Office in the PTSL program is by using social media, websites, mass media and assisted by the local Regional Office (Kanwil) to socialize in the PTSL program which is used to increase public awareness. The obstacle experienced by the BPN East Java Regional Office public relations is that there are still many people who do not understand the importance of having a land certificate, the PPh and BPHTB tax budget that must be paid. The low effectiveness of socialization means that public relations requires human resources (HR) to maximize the socialization going according to plan

IAU South-West and Central Asian Regional Office of Astronomy for Development

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) announced its Strategic Plan on Astronomy for Development in 2009, during the International Year of Astronomy (IYA) (for 2011-2020, extended to 2021-2030). One of its main components was the creation of the Office of Astronomy for Development (OAD) and corresponding Regional Offices (ROADs) for implementation and coordination of its aims. The OAD was created in Cape Town, South Africa and later on ROADs were created in 11 regions. Since 2015, Armenia has hosted one of them, IAU South West Asian (SWA) IAU ROAD, later renamed South West and Central Asian (SWCA) ROAD. At present, already six countries have officially joined (Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Turkey), but the Office serves for a rather broad region, from Eastern Europe to Central Asia. Armenia’s geographical location and its historical role in astronomy (both for well-known archaeoastronomical heritage and the presence of the famous Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) founded by Viktor Ambartsumian in 1946) serve as a link between Europe and Eastern Partnership countries, Middle East and Asia in general. We run activities in 3 directions, Task Forces (TF): TF1 Universities and Research, TF2 Children and Schools and TF3 Public Outreach. In addition, we participate in the OAD Flagship Projects; Flagship 1: Astrotourism, Flagship 2: Astro for Mental Health, Flagship 3: Hack4Dev. We present our projects and all other accomplishments and discuss the role of our ROAD in maintaining contacts and development of astronomy in the region, as well as contacts between Europe and the Eastern Partnership countries. The most up-to-date information about the IAU SWCA ROAD is available on its webpage at http://iau-swa-road.aras.am/eng/index.php.

Behavioral Insights Informing the Pandemic Response in the City of Moscow

Background. The public response to the coronavirus pandemic, including their uptake of protective measures, was critical for containing the virus, and this required effective interventions, policy decisions, and public communication that took into account the perspectives of the population. The main goal of the study was to explore public perceptions, behaviors, and well-being of the population of Moscow, Russian Federation, to inform the pandemic response.Methods. A survey tool originally developed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe with support from the University of Erfurt, Germany, was adapted to the Moscow (Russian Federation) context. Computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) were conducted using a stratified, two-core sample of landline and mobile phones. Three waves of data collection took place from mid-May 2020 to mid-June 2020: 1) May 13–18, 2020, n = 1019 people; 2) May 26, 2020 – June 1, n = 1000 people; 3) June 16–24, 2020, n = 993 people.Findings. The study identified the awareness of Moscow residents about the coronavirus, their perceptions, understanding of the pandemic situation and behavioral responses to measures taken by the authorities to reduce the spread of COVID-19.Interpretation. Monitoring of public perceptions, behaviors, and well-being allowed a people-centered approach, which took into account population perspectives alongside epidemiological data and economic, cultural, ethical, and structural-political considerations, to become the basis for an effective coronavirus response.

Behavioral Insights Informing the Pandemic Response in the City of Moscow

Background. The public response to the coronavirus pandemic, including their uptake of protective measures, was critical for containing the virus, and this required effective interventions, policy decisions, and public communication that took into account the perspectives of the population. The main goal of the study was to explore public perceptions, behaviors, and well-being of the population of Moscow, Russian Federation, to inform the pandemic response.Methods. A survey tool originally developed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe with support from the University of Erfurt, Germany, was adapted to the Moscow (Russian Federation) context. Computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) were conducted using a stratified, two-core sample of landline and mobile phones. Three waves of data collection took place from mid-May 2020 to mid-June 2020: 1) May 13–18, 2020, n = 1019 people; 2) May 26, 2020 – June 1, n = 1000 people; 3) June 16–24, 2020, n = 993 people.Findings. The study identified the awareness of Moscow residents about the coronavirus, their perceptions, understanding of the pandemic situation and behavioral responses to measures taken by the authorities to reduce the spread of COVID-19.Interpretation. Monitoring of public perceptions, behaviors, and well-being allowed a people-centered approach, which took into account population perspectives alongside epidemiological data and economic, cultural, ethical, and structural-political considerations, to become the basis for an effective coronavirus response.

The impacts of the Eastern Opening strategy on the bilateral trade and investment between Hungary and on the Asian economies

Background and introduction: The East and Southeast Asian newly industrialized economies have shown spectacular economic development by their export-oriented development policies during recent decades, which resulted in not only economic wealth but enabled them to be technology exporters and investors. Their products, their flagship brands today are well-known and recognized throughout the world. It is not surprising that the Hungarian government—by its Hungarian Eastern Opening strategy—intended to focus on these economies, even though that with most of them there were intensive and broad co-operation in the fields of business, investment, culture, education and tourism. The new strategy gave a focus on increasing the diplomatic and trade relationship with the wider region, new embassies and trade representation offices were opened or re-opened in several locations with the view of intensifying the business and the people-to-people contacts. Even though the pandemic of Covid 19 and the energy crisis caused disruption in international trade, it can be said the trade and investment relations with these economies have still been growing, especially on the import side. The prospects of the growth of Hungarian exports to these destinations are modest which is hindered by the huge geographic distance, the peculiar consumer preferences, the merely different market conditions and the sharp competition. Objective: The aim of this paper to illustrate by statistical figures the state of the trade and investment relations between Hungary and the Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand. Methodology: Bibliographic and data analysis, focusing on the relevant international and Hungarian literature and databases, especially the trade and investment statistics of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO/KSH).

Analysis of Supervision Forms for Communities Carrying Out Destructive Fishing in West Sulawesi Waters

The behavior of fishermen engaging in harmful practices, such as bombing and use forbidden fishing gear, adversely affect the sustainability of the marine ecosystem. The legal question addressed in this article is to the kind of monitoring exercised by the community engaged in destructive fishing in the waters of West Sulawesi. The oversight of the community engaged in destructive fishing is characterized by inherent supervision from the Provincial and Regency Marine and Fisheries Service, internal oversight by the Regional Office of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, and external supervision by the Water and Air Police (Polairud). However, the supervision of destructive fishing in the waters of West Sulawesi is notably ineffective, with patrols occurring only in response to reports from fellow traditional fishermen to the government

Analisa Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja Aparatur Sipil Negara pada Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Pajak Kalimantan Timur dan Utara

This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership style, family support, and work environment on the job satisfaction of Civil Servants (ASN) at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) of East and North Kalimantan. The research employs a quantitative approach, collecting data through questionnaires distributed to 143 ASNs as a full sample. Data analysis was conducted using validity tests, reliability tests, descriptive statistics, and multiple regression analysis via SPSS. The results indicate that participative leadership style, family support, and work environment significantly influence ASN job satisfaction. Collectively, these three variables explain 75.8% of the variance in ASN job satisfaction levels (Adjusted R-Square = 0.758). Participative leadership style contributes to enhancing employees' sense of involvement, family support plays a crucial role in emotional well-being, and a conducive work environment promotes comfort and work productivity. In conclusion, ASN job satisfaction at the Regional Office of the DGT of East and North Kalimantan is significantly influenced by leadership style, family support, and work environment. Therefore, improving these factors can support the organization in achieving optimal performance.

Legal Certainty for Unregistered Land Rights Holders in Lebo Jaya Village, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

The aim of this research is to analyze the legal certainty for land rights holders who are not identified in systematic land registration activities and to determine the legal consequences for those land rights holders. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with an empirical normative approach, relying on secondary data through a descriptive study and analysis of statutory regulations and relevant literature. The research findings are as follows: (1) Legal certainty for land rights holders who are not identified in systematic land registration: The UUPA mandates that guaranteeing legal certainty for land rights is essential. Land rights holders not identified in PTSL activities lack legal certainty, as accurate and valid physical and juridical data are foundational for establishing legal certainty. A party who abandons their land without transferring authority to another party may be deemed to have abandoned it, thus categorizing the land as State land. Similarly, a party who takes control of the land cannot be considered the rightful holder unless they can prove their physical control over the land in good faith. (2) Legal consequences for land rights holders who are not identified in systematic land registration: A party claiming entitlement may lose their land rights and can seek to regain them through litigation or non-litigation, in accordance with statutory regulations. Rights holders who have received state legalization in the form of a certificate (Cluster 1), such as through PTSL, will have their rights protected and can use their land rights according to the designation or carry out legal actions on the land. This protection is not available to parties who feel they have rights but are not identified in PTSL activities. Dispute resolution through litigation typically occurs when the parties involved cannot reach an amicable agreement through non-litigation or out-of-court settlement methods. Parties to the dispute can also file complaints with the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency, Regional Office, or Land Office, as per their authority, to obtain resolution in accordance with statutory provisions.