Regional Management Organizations Research Articles

A study on how regional management organizations operate and utilize social educational facilities as their base facilities, community development by residents through small‐scale multifunctional self‐government

AbstractThe establishment of kominkan, a public institution for social education in Japan, was proposed by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (currently called the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) in 1946. Since then, the establishment of kominkan has progressed rapidly throughout Japan. In the meantime, regional autonomy should be broadened to regional management autonomy. Since 2014, the government has promoted the establishment of regional management organizations (RMOs) that implement projects with business perspectives and approaches. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), kominkan play a significant role in the establishment of RMOs. In this research, we investigated and quantitatively analyzed (1) the status of RMOs across Japan for which kominkan, etc., are involved in their establishment and operation and (2) some pioneering examples. In our quantitative analysis, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the RMOs in 255 municipalities to understand the status of the base facilities in the establishment of RMOs and to clarify the relationship of the RMOs with kominkan. In our qualitative analysis, on‐site or online hearing surveys were conducted among the RMOs in eight municipalities where many activities were carried out, according to the results of our quantitative analysis. The results of those surveys showed that local governments took the lead in establishing RMOs in many cases and that the largest number of activities was carried out at the initiative of local governments at the community centers that are former kominkan. The survey results also revealed that kominkan and the community centers that are former kominkan contribute significantly to the establishment of RMOs. Considering that the main players in community development are residents, the support from local governments to RMOs should be examined and designed to encourage the independence of residents. Social education administration may play a proactive role in achieving this goal. It is said that community development is human development. RMOs should therefore focus on human resources development as their key mission. This is why we believe that the establishment of RMOs based on kominkan activities will lead to resident‐led community development.

Restructuring Process of Regional Management Organizations during the “Community Boom” in Rural Areas : Case Studies in the Shonai Area, Yamagata Prefecture

政策的議論が本格化して15年近く経過した地域運営組織（RMO）は2020年度には5,783まで増加した．RMOは平成の市町村合併で広域化したことによる地域課題への対応を目指した，2000年代の第二次コミュニティブームの時期に設立されたものが多いが，1970年代前半からの第一次コミュニティブームの中で設立されたものもある．本稿では，前者の例として山形県酒田市日向（にっこう）地区，後者の例として鶴岡市三瀬地区のRMOを事例にその再編過程の実態を明らかにした．その結果，RMO設立という組織再編だけではなく，社会的背景に応じた機能再編が図られているものの，RMOがもつ機能には時代性があり，それにより分離型と一体型の志向性の違いが読み取れた．また三瀬地区ではRMO設立に伴い，基盤となる地区の空間再編が行われたことも明らかになった．

FOUNDING AND OPERATIONS OF “TOP-DOWN-TYPE” REGIONAL MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS

We conducted a survey and analysis of eight regional management organizations that are formed mainly by residents in Shiroishi city. We assessed the organization formation, management method, and the status of business initiatives. The purpose of this study is to discuss the best methods that facilitate residents’ active engagement with a regional management organization.

A multilevel analysis of determinants of sustainable participation in regional management organization

A multilevel analysis of determinants of sustainable participation in regional management organization

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНИЙ БАЗИС МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНУ

Присвячено аналізу та удосконаленню теоретичного концепту регіонального менеджменту з позицій забезпечення сталого розвитку регіону. Визначено, що найбільш важливим із теоретичної та практичної точок зору в регіональному менеджменті є стратегічне планування та представлено його основні елементи. Визначено головні тенденції та недоліки в практиці стратегічного планування на регіональному рівні. Обгрунтовано необхідність розглядати стратегію сталого розвитку регіону як комплекс взаємоповязаних самостійних складових: концепції розвитку, макромоделі стратегії розвитку та комплексних цільових стратегій.

Evaluation of the Attempt to Establish Regional Management Organization in an Initial Stage

Evaluation of the Attempt to Establish Regional Management Organization in an Initial Stage

Strategy maps for social enterprises action research on regional management organization

Strategy maps for social enterprises action research on regional management organization

The rise and decline of blue whiting fisheries—capacity expansion and future regulations

Abstract While most commercial fisheries in the North Atlantic are strictly regulated through total allowable quotas, licenses and vessel quotas to limit the catch rates, the fishing for blue whiting represents an exception. Today, the blue whiting fishery is out of control; catch rates far exceed what the management authorities propose for a sustainable fishery and there is a real danger for collapse of the stock. The driving force in this development refers to the fact that the coastal states that are involved in the blue whiting fisheries, are not able to agree on the distribution of the migrating blue whiting stock. In Norway, the strong increase in both catch capacity and catch rates, also refers to a liberalization of the institutional framework for the renewal and design of new vessels, but also to structural politics concerning the ocean-going fishing vessels. This article presents the management conflict within the international fisheries for blue whiting and the driving forces behind the capacity increase in the Norwegian blue whiting fleet. However, a future agreement among the coastal nations within the framework of a sustainable fishery, inefficient overcapacity emerges when total quotas and allocation are put on the agenda. This results in allocation conflicts at different management levels that prevent a future solution. The question now is whether regional management organizations like the NEAFC (North East Atlantic Fisheries Committee) should have a more prominent position in the management of resources that migrate through the different coastal states’ economic zones.

Financial self-sufficiency in regional EMS systems.

With the curtailment of the federal EMS system program, former grantees have been expected to sustain the same level of program performance developed during the five year finding cycle. This study, performed during the latter years of the federal EMS program, found that many grantees were having difficulty supporting even their am regional management organizations (RMO) following federal funding. The study involved site visits to six grantees that had completed their eligibility and nine grantees at least at the level specified in Section 1203f.2) of the 1973 EMSS Act. A t each site the sources used to support the EMS system components, particularly the RMO, were studied. Also, organizational, management, and fiscal factors were analyzed in terms of their political impact on the regional systems' financial self-sufficiency. Analysis shows that two of six former grantees and four of nine present grantees were self-sufficient (securing ongoing financial support of the RMO) or likely to become self-sufficient. In two instances of multicounty system grantees, the less populated counties split off following the federal finding period. There were only a few grantees that succeeded in convincing the political jurisdictions within their regions to support financially the RMO. One grantee developed taxing authority over the entire region, and another successfully obtained support from a consortium of hospitals.