Regional League Research Articles

Agility Stimulators and Their Effects on Traditional Testing Protocols Case Selected Male Soccer Players

Baked on the theory, which advance the assessment of agility performance in the real game would depend on other factors such as Visual processing, Perception and Anticipation. To achieve this objective, we based on 18-meter test with five delimiters spaced by 3 meters between them, proposed in two situations. Situation (A), we refer to traditional agility tests, in which, we change the cone with flex players. The opposite of the situation (B) in which we integrate the Hexagonal Obstacle Test as part of the initial protocol with five dynamic players, asked to jump in four directions (left- center -/ right- center -front- center -back) into a single rhythm, coordinated by the examiner. For this proposal, 30 élite male Soccer Players participated in this study. Tested during the regional selection Oran league. Selected by attentional means based on their performance in 5-10-5 shuttle test.The comparison of results achieved in the two situations shows significant differences between them. Opposite of correlations strongly significant between the tests used in this study. The main conclusion of the study is that athletes regardless their Agility mental skills improvement. Can use our protocol to test their difficulties, according to the environment variables, for better concordances of perceptual motor skills to operate simultaneously. Record in the present study as strategy to improve Dynamic Decision Making, which involves continual decisions each with task-related tradeoffs, founded on cognitive functions such as visual processing, Timing, Reaction time Perception, and Anticipation as well as change of direction speed.

Factors influencing achievement of Regional League Division 2 football tournament management

This research studied factors influencing the achievements of Regional League Division 2 football tournament management. There were two groups of participants: 1) 438 people internally involved with football league tournament organization using the theory of non-probability sampling for purposive sampling, and 2) 1,068 participants related to football matches using the accidental sampling approach. This research employed two sets of questionnaires, one for each participant group, presented in the form of Likert scale and Lisrel (Linear Structure Relation) for the analysis of descriptive analysis and inferential statistics. The analysis showed that both internal and external factors of 1) Management, 2) Marketing mix, 3) Sports science, 4) Politics and government policy, 5) Player selection criteria, and 6) Performance evaluation system influenced the achievements of Regional League Division 2 football tournament management, with all at a high degree. The external factors relating to the management of the team which significantly affected the internal success of football match organization were the Performance evaluation system, Coordination, and Player selection criteria, respectively. These factors positively and significantly affected internal factors at the .01 level. The three external factors were found to indicatively determine 76 percent of the success of football match organization. The external factors relating to the team fan clubs which significantly affected the internal success of football match organization were political policies launched by the government and the processes of sports marketing, respectively. These factors positively and significantly affected internal factors at the .01 level. The two external factors could determine 65 percent of the success of football tournament organization.

Patellar tendinopathy in young elite soccer\u2013 clinical and sonographical analysis of a German elite soccer academy

BackgroundThe prevalence of patellar tendinopathy is elevated in elite soccer compared to less explosive sports. While the burden of training hours and load is comparably high in youth elite players (age < 23 years), little is known about the prevalence of patellar tendinopathy at this age. There is only little data available on the influence of age, the amount of training, the position on the field, as well as muscular strength, range of motion, or sonographical findings in this age group. The purpose of the present study was to examine the above-mentioned parameters in all age groups of a German youth elite soccer academy.MethodsOne hundred nineteen male youth soccer players (age 15,97 ± 2,24 years, height 174, 60 ± 10,16 cm, BMI 21, 24 ± 2,65) of the U-13 to U-23 teams were part of the study. Data acquisition included sport specific parameters such as footwear, amount of training hours, leg dominance, history of tendon pathologies, and clinical examination for palpatory pain, indurations, muscular circumference, and range of motion.Subjective complaints were measured with the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment Patellar (VISA-P) Score. Furthermore, sonographical examinations (Aplio SSA-770A/80; Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan) with 12-MHz multifrequency linear transducers (8–14 MHz) of both patellar tendons were performed with special emphasis on hyper- and hypo echogenic areas, diameter and neovascularization.ResultsThe prevalence of patellar tendinopathies was 13.4%. Seventy-five percent of the players complained of pain of their dominant leg with onset of pain at training in 87.5%. The injured players showed a medium amount of 10.34 ± 3.85 training hours and a medium duration of symptoms of 11.94 ± 18.75 weeks. Two thirds of players with patellar tendinopathy were at the age of 15–17 (Odds ratio 1.89) while no differences between players of the national or regional league were observed.In case of patellar tendinopathy, VISA-P was significantly lower in comparison to healthy players (mean ± SD 76.80 ± 28.56 points vs. 95.85 ± 10.37). The clinical examination revealed local pain at the distal patella, pain at stretching, and thickening of the patellar tendon (p = 0.02).The mean tendon diameter measured 2 cm distally to the patella was 4.10 ± 0.68 mm with a significantly increased diameter of 0.15 mm in case of an underlying tendinopathy (p = 0.00). The incidence of hypo-echogenic areas and neovascularizations was significantly elevated in players with patellar tendon syndrome (PTS) (p = 0.05).ConclusionThe prevalence of patellar tendinopathy in youth elite soccer is relatively high in comparison to available data of adult players. Especially players at the age of 15 to 17 are at considerable risk. Tendon thickening, hypo-echogenic areas, and neovascularization are more common in tendons affected by PTS.

My Germany in 2017: a resilient country that is taking responsibility

My Germany in 2017: a resilient country that is taking responsibility

More Than the Win: The Relation between Appetitive Competition Motivation, Socialization, and Gender Role Orientation in Women's Football.

The ability to produce peak performance plays a decisive role in the success of athletes in competitive contest situations. Levels of appetitive competition motivation (ACM), i.e., the desire to defeat an opponent independent of secondary reinforcing factors, were assessed in professional female football/soccer players in the premier and regional leagues, using club level as the measurement of sport success. Furthermore, the influence of social environments predominantly encouraging masculine and competitive play behavior and the players' perceptions of their own gender role orientations were investigated. Ninety female football players from the German premier league (44) and regional leagues (46) participated (age: M = 24, SD = 5 years). Questionnaires ascertaining ACM and self-perceptions of gender via gender-role stereotypes, childhood play behavior and style of upbringing were utilized. Premier league athletes showed a significantly greater inclination toward direct sporting confrontations. Almost 50% of the variance in ACM between the premier and regional league athletes was determined by modern upbringing style and the development of gender roles not corresponding to classic female gender stereotypes. The results emphasize the significance of ACM as an important facet in competitive sports and illustrate the influence of socialization on athletic performance.

National-cultural associations of Azerbaijanis of Samara Region (1990s-the first decade of the XXI century)

The following paper describes features of the modern cultural development of Samara regions Azerbaijanis through the prism of public companies: e.g. Samara regional public organization League of Azerbaijanis of Samara Region. The aim of the study was to identify the role of national-cultural associations in the life of Azerbaijanis of Samara and Samara Region. The work is based on field research materials the authors collected in the Azerbaijani community of Samara in 2015-2016. Civil society organizations have a potential to consolidate the community and ensure the reproduction of ethnocultural values in it. The results showed that, despite some difficulties in intra-ethnic communication, the Azerbaijani public organizations of Samara actively engaged in cultural and educational activities, directed both inward, that is, on the members of the community, and aimed to preserve and transmit ethnic and cultural values to future generations, as well as outside and aimed at foreign cultural environment and perception of a positive image of the Azerbaijani culture and on the creation of a positive image of the community members. Different kinds of artistic and sports groups, festive and memorable events, creating a real platform for intraethnic communication, play an important role for the consolidation of the diaspora groups members. A virtual platform and, at the same time, the voice of the community is the newspaper called Ochag. The existence of several independent NGOs complicates the social life of Samara Azerbaijanis, but currently observed installation on intraethnic consolidation in public organizations of Azerbaijanis allows to count on intraethnic consolidation, on overcoming disagreements and a constructive dialogue.

Australian Football League concussion guidelines: what do community players think?

BackgroundPreventing concussion in sport is a global challenge. To assess community-level adult male Australian Football players’ views on following the Australian Football League's (AFL) concussion guidelines.Methods3 focus groups, each comprising...

English

This research aims at revealing whether or not footballers&rsquo; anger expression styles show an alteration in terms of different variables. The descriptive method which is one of the quantitative research methods was adopted as the research model. Research group consists of 154 footballers who play in 8 teams from 12 teams in fifth-group in the regional amateur league. &ldquo;Personal Information Form&rdquo; which was developed by researcher in order to determine personal characteristic of the footballers and &ldquo;The State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS)&rdquo;, were used as data collection tools. Unique sample Kolmogorov Smirnov Test was used in order to see whether measurements were proper for normal dispersion. T-test and Anova (one way variance analysis) were used to analyze and interpret the data as it was a normal dispersion and tukey test was used in order to determine the differences among groups and meaningfulness was determined as P&gt;0.05. SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) packet programme was used to evaluate the data and find the calculated values. It can be said that the trait anger point average of the footballers who participated in the research with (Mean=21.43), internalized anger point average (Mean=17.18), sub dimension of anger locution, and externalized anger point average (Mean=17,25) were low, but their controlled anger point average was mid-level with (Ort.=20.45). Meaningful difference was found in terms of personal characteristic on trait anger and anger types of participants&rsquo; education status, Begining Age of the Sports, Years of the playing football and Place of Residence variables (P&lt;0.05), whereas significant difference was not found on age, marital status, teams, father&rsquo;s job status, mother&rsquo;s job status, How many teams he played on and position at which they play variables (P&gt;0.05). &nbsp; Key words: Anger, sports, football.

Physical and technical performances are not associated with tactical prominence in U14 soccer matches

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to analyse the association between physical/technical variables and the tactical prominence variables in U14 soccer matches. Twenty-two young amateur soccer players (13.5 0.5 years old, 5.4 0.5 years of practice, 163.3 9.8 cm in body height) from two teams of the Portuguese regional league volunteered for the study. Our results showed positive and moderate correlation between dribbling test and betweenness centrality (r = 0.324; p = 0.142), and negative moderate correlation between %fatigue index and betweenness centrality (r = −0.390; p = 0.073). Physical and technical variables had no statistical differences among tactical positions. Nevertheless, when tactical prominence of players from four tactical positions were compared, significant differences were found in terms of degree prestige (p = 0.001) and degree centrality (p = 0.002). This pilot study did not find strong correlations between physical/technical levels and tactical prominence in soccer matches.

Heart rate responses and distance coverage during 1 vs. 1 duel in soccer: Effects of neutral player and different task conditions

Summary Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effects of using neutral players and different task conditions in 1 vs. 1 small-sided games (SSG) on amateur soccer players’ heart rate responses and distance coverage. Equipment and methods Ten amateurs’ soccer players (26.4 ± 5.3 years old, 8.0 ± 3.2 years of practice) from a Portuguese regional league participated in this within-subject repeated measures study. The heart rate responses, distance coverage, speed and acceleration were recorded by using heart rate monitors with GPS throughout all SSG. Results Two-way MANOVA results revealed that neutral players ( F = 43.6; P = 0.001; η p 2 = 0.017 ; Power = 1.00; small effect size) and task conditions ( F = 84.7; P = 0.001; η p 2 = 0.038 ; Power = 1.00; small effect size) had significant main effects and small practical effects on heart rate responses and distance coverage. It was concluded that, in very small-sided game, the use of neutral players increased the heart rate responses and distance coverage.

Evaluation of dissociative life of male athletes in some disability sportive branches

This research focused on evaluation of dissociative lives of male disabled athletes who played in teams of amputee football league and regional wheelchair basketball league. In this research; general survey method, one of the descriptive research methods, was used. As data collection tools; “Personal Information Form”, “Household Income Form” and “The Dissociation Scale Questioner” were used. A total of 92 male disabled participants (55 amputee football players and 37 wheelchair basketball players) were included in the study.There were no significant statistical differences between participants’ dissociation levels and age, educational status, marital status, whether or not being a national player and employment status. However; there was statistically significant difference in terms of use of prostheses-use, sportive branch, household income and time of disability.It may be argued that acquired traumatic events that occur after birth have stronger traumatic life levels/effects compared to congenital traumatic events that occur before or during birth

Sports anthropological and somatotypical investigation of male and female Latin dancers

The present study examines anthropometric and somatotypical differences of German Latin dancers in Usingen (n=19 women, n=16 men, age span 16–30 years, district and regional league) and gym visitors (30 females, 32 males, age span 16–40 years). Each proband participated voluntarily. Anthropometric data and and somatotypical parameters in this work correspond to international standards.In both sexes the mean body weight and mean the BMI of gym visitors are higher than the corresponding parameters of Latin dancers (Females: Weight (kg) Fitness Sports vs. Latin dance: 61.6 vs. 58.9 kg, BMI: 21.8 vs. 21.1 kg/m²; Males: 77.0 vs. 76.5 kg, 23.7 vs. 23.1 kg/m²).The female (male) dancers are generally in the hypoplastic – leptomorphic (metroplastic – hypoplastic – leptomorphic) region of Conrad’s chessboard graphic.In the somatochart after Parnell the focus of the distribution of the female (male) dancers is the endomorphic (mesomorphic) area.In the somatochart after Heath and Carter a significant accumulation of the female dancers in the endomorphic area is noticeable, at low scattering in comparison to the female gym visitors. For men, both collectives accumulate in the mesomorphic sector with less scattering of the dancers.In conjunction with the also measured higher body fat percentage of the dancers of both sexes compared to the control fitness group here, there is a clear signal to optimize the nutritional status and the body composition of the investigated German Latin dancers in Usingen.On the other hand, the results support the earlier postulate of Kretschmer (1921), who stated that pyknic physique types in dance sport are more common than others somatotypes.

A non-randomised experimental feasibility study into the immediate effect of three different spinal manipulative protocols on kicking speed performance in soccer players.

BackgroundThe most utilized soccer kicking method is the instep kicking technique. Decreased motion in spinal joint segments results in adverse biomechanical changes within in the kinematic chain. These changes may be linked to a negative impact on soccer performance. This study tested the immediate effect of lumbar spine and sacroiliac manipulation alone and in combination on the kicking speed of uninjured soccer players.MethodsThis 2010 prospective, pre-post experimental, single-blinded (subject) required forty asymptomatic soccer players, from regional premier league teams, who were purposively allocated to one of four groups (based on the evaluation of the players by two blinded motion palpators). Segment dysfunction was either localized to the lumbar spine (Group 1), sacroiliac joint (Group 2), the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint (Group 3) or not present in the sham laser group (Group 4). All players underwent a standardized warm-up before the pre-measurements. Manipulative intervention followed after which post-measurements were completed. Measurement outcomes included range of motion changes (digital inclinometer); kicking speed (Speed Trac™ Speed Sport Radar) and the subjects’ perception of a change in kicking speed. SPSS version 15.0 was used to analyse the data, with repeated measures ANOVA and a p-value <0.05 (CI 95%).ResultsLumbar spine manipulation resulted in significant range of motion increases in left and right rotation. Sacroiliac manipulation resulted in no significant changes in the lumbar range of motion. Combination manipulative interventions resulted in significant range of motion increases in lumbar extension, right rotation and right SI joint flexion. There was a significant increase in kicking speed post intervention for all three manipulative intervention groups (when compared to sham). A significant correlation was seen between Likert based-scale subjects’ perception of change in kicking speed post intervention and the objective results obtained.ConclusionsThis pilot study showed that lumbar spine manipulation combined with SI joint manipulation, resulted in an effective intervention for short-term increases in kicking speed/performance. However, the lack of an a priori analysis, a larger sample size and an unblinded outcome measures assessor requires that this study be repeated, addressing these concerns and for these outcomes to be validated.

The latent structure of anthropometric variables in female volleyball players aged 12-14 years

The goal of this transverse research was to establish the correlations between morphological characteristics, and identifying the latent morphological structure. In the morphological space, a group of 12 standard anthropometric variables was measured. The sample encompassed 158 female subjects, aged 12 to 14 years, from volleyball clubs of the Kolubara-Macva Inter regional Serbian league. Statistical data analysis was conducted using Pearson's coefficient of correlation and Principal component analysis (PCA). Results from the correlation analysis showed statistically significant linear correlations in almost all anthropometric variables of female U14 volleyball players. Using the method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), together with the Kaiser-Guttman criteria and Varimax rotation, a threecomponent model was extracted which comprised 83,35% of proportion of the total variance of manifested anthropometric variables. This model was structured by the hypothetical factors with their characteristic roots (ƛ > 1), which were interpreted as: longitudinal skeleton dimensionality (F1), body volume and body mass (F2), and subcutaneous fat tissue (F3). The limitations of this study were discussed, as well as recommendations for future longitudinal research. Objectively, an insufficient amount of conducted empiric studies so far presents a motive for other authors to establish a relationship between morphological landmarks and defining the build of the morphological space in preadolescent population of female volleyball population.

Acute Effects of the Number of Players and Scoring Method on Physiological, Physical, and Technical Performance in Small-sided Soccer Games

This study aims to examine the effect of differences in the number of players and scoring method on heart rate responses, time–motion characteristics, and technical/tactical performance during small-sided soccer games. Ten male amateur soccer players (26.4 ± 5.3 years old, 8.4 ± 3.2 years of practice, 179.3 ± 5.2 cm body height, 71.2 ± 7.1 kg body weight, 45.8 ± 2.6 ml.kg–1min–1VO2max) from the Portuguese regional league played nine different small-sided games (i.e., 3 formats × 3 scoring methods). The study used two-way MANOVA, two-away ANOVA, and one-way ANOVA, depending on the specific procedure for the analysis. Compared with other formats, 2v2 induced significantly greater values of technical/tactical indexes (p = 0.001), 3v3 induced significantly higher %HRreserve values (p = 0.001), and 4v4 led to significantly greater distance coverage and speed (p = 0.001). The study provided evidence for coaches to set different small-sided game conditions depending on the training purpose in terms of physiological, physical, and technical performance.

Evaluation of the Correlation between Decision-making Styles and Burnout Levels of the Team-trainers who Competed in Regional Amateur League

The current study was done in order to discover whether or not there was a difference between decision-making styles and burnout levels of the team-trainers who competed in regional amateur league. The population of the study was composed of 160 team-trainers who competed in regional amateur league of Turkish Football Federation during 2012-2013 football season. The sample of the study was consisted of 95 team-trainers who were selected from the population with random sampling method. As the data collection tool; “Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire” Turkish adaptation of which was performed by Deniz (2004) and “Maslach Burnout Inventory” and Turkish adaptation of which was performed by Ergin (1992) were employed. According to the findings obtained from the study; it was found out that there was a correlation between subscales of self-esteem in decision-making and decision-making scale, and their burnout levels as far as correlation coefficient results were concerned.

Nou tout an dlo-la: a swimming-based physical activity promotion program

Guadeloupe is a Caribbean archipelago. The coast proximity has been associated with improved health and well-being. It provides easy access to safe public beaches and to several private water-based activities. Only a small proportion of the elderly are able to enjoy these places for physical activities. Many others, in particular those with chronic diseases, are faced with limited, poorly adapted or expensive choices for these activities. Although physical activity is often recommended as a self-management strategy for improving or controllingmany chronic disease, these communitymembers are thus impeded tomove from a pre-action stage to an action maintenance stage for increase of physical activity in such a context. Under the leadership of the regional swimming league, a multidisciplinary team of professionals and patient representatives was recruited to design a project to increase patients’ opportunities for physical activity. Nou tout an dlo-la, which in Creolemeans ‘ all together into the water’, was designed to encourage shortand longer-term

Football after Yugoslavia: conflict, reconciliation and the regional football league debate

Twenty years after Yugoslavia began breaking apart into new states, former Yugoslavs have re-established many of their commercial, professional and cultural ties. This network of renewed connections extends to most team sports, but not to football. Advocacy for a regional football league is a decade old, and there have been several concrete proposals. Despite all this, the idea remains intensely controversial. This article provides an argument for the controversy's depth and persistence, which is that football, unlike other sports, had a role in Yugoslavia's dissolution and continuing post-war inter-ethnic animosities and conflicts. This article also pays attention to challenges and alternatives to this legacy, as expressed in the league debate. Given the intolerance and violence in post-Yugoslav football, the increasing openness to football reunion is noteworthy.

Effect of jogging and core training after supramaximal exercise on recovery

The aim of this study is to compare the effect of jogging and core training after supramaximal exercise on recovery. 30 male basketball players (age; 23,57±1,32 years) playing in the regional basketball league participated the study. Subjects were required to visit the laboratory on 2 occasions, each separated by 3 days for recovery by 2 different methods. Subjects performed jogging or core training after Wingate Supramaximal Exercise (WSE) for recovery. The order of the 2 different recovery methods (jogging and core training) was selected randomly to prevent an order effect. Resting Heart Rate (HR) and blood lactic acid (LA) values of subjects were measured and then they performed WSE. Following the test, LA measurements were repeated in the 1 st min, 5 th min and 10 th min of recovery. HR was measured right after the test and at the every 1 minute of 10 minutes recovery. LA values were not found significantly different between two recovery methods (p>0.05). It was determined that all HR values except resting, right after, 4 th , 7 th and 9 th min of recovery with core training was significantly lower than the same minutes of recovery with jogging (p<0.05 and p<0.01). It was determined that the effect of jogging and core training on recovery LA level, carried out after supramaximal exercise were not different but they were different on recovery HR. It was determined that core training lowered HR faster.

Kicking velocity and physical, technical, tactical match performance for U18 female football players – Effect of a new ball

We investigated kicking velocity and physical, technical, and tactical match performance for under-18 (U18) female football players and evaluated the effect of using a newly developed lighter smaller ball. Ten regional league teams participated. Maximal ball velocity was 4±1% higher when kicking the new ball (NB) compared with the standard ball (SB) in a laboratory testing situation (23.2±0.4 vs. 22.4±0.3ms−1; p<.05). Mean HR was similar during games with NB and SB (169±2 vs. 170±2bmin−1; p>.05), but lower-limb muscular RPE was lower with NB (4.2±0.4 vs. 5.2±0.3; p<.05). The number of activity changes (1387±76 vs. 1401±55), total distance covered (9.09±0.25 vs. 9.11±0.25km) and high-intensity running (1.04±0.08 vs. 1.11±0.07km) were not different between NB and SB (p>.05). High-intensity running decreased (p<.05) from 0–20 to 60–80min with NB (34%) and SB (37%). The number and success rate of long and short passes did not differ between NB and SB (p>.05). In conclusion, physiological demands were high in youth female football games, and decrements in running performance occurred towards the end of games. The players kicked faster and reported lower muscular exertion during games played with a lighter smaller ball, but locomotor activities, heart rate and overall technical-tactical game performance remained unaffected.