Regional Imbalances Research Articles

Network Analysis of Active and Passive Radar Based on the Extended Kalman Filter

In this current work, a sequential extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is proposed to solve the quandary of regional accuracy disparity for time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning in passive radar. The proposed approach entails merging the complete set of active radar observation data with the TDOA data of passive radar in a serial fashion, followed by the deployment of the EKF algorithm for the purpose of filtering. The simulation results show that the proposed data fusion method effectively solves the regional accuracy imbalance problem caused by the fuzzy area and no solution area of the TDOA positioning solution through the conflation of the precision merits of active and passive radar, and improves the overall target detection accuracy.

Z세대의 지역 문제 인식 분석

The difference between the metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas significantly impacts life satisfaction in terms of jobs, transportation, culture, and living facilities. The population in the metropolitan area constitutes 50.4% of the total, with 113 regions facing population decline. Various policies aimed at addressing regional disparities have proven ineffective, necessitating alternative approaches. Analyzing problem perceptions at the regional and generational levels is crucial for alternative policies considering regional imbalances and the concept of living population. Notably, the involvement of Generation Z, the future generation deciding where to settle, in identifying regional issues can have a long-term positive impact on solving these problems.
 In this study, we analyzed cases of problem-solving involving the participation of local residents and conducted a comparative analysis by executing a project where Generation Z directly identified regional problems through Design Thinking. To analyze regional issues, the “Regional Issue Resolution Platform” project executed by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety in 2023 was selected. Forty-seven cases from six regions—Ulsan, Busan, Gangwon, Daejeon, Jeonbuk, and Gwangju—were collected and analyzed. The process of Generation Z identifying regional problems took place through Design Thinking, with university students exploring and investigating the Pyeongtaek and Anseong regions directly for 15 weeks.
 The research findings revealed that while local residents focused on the ‘Social Safety and Community' category among the four, Generation Z emphasized ‘Urban Regeneration and Recovery' out of the five categories. Additionally, Generation Z, as a living population, considered the previously overlooked ‘transportation' issue as significant. In summary, Generation Z not only recognized problems identified by local residents but also discovered more diverse issues. The significance of this research lies in anticipating that the problem identification from the perspective of Generation Z observers will provide alternative solutions for future regional issue resolutions and attract the young population.

Regional differences and improvement potential of carbon emission efficiency in China’s power industry: insights from meta-frontier DEA model considering integer constraints

Previous studies on the carbon emission efficiency (CEE) in the power industry have neglected concerns related to regional heterogeneity and the integer character of certain indicators. In response to these issues, this study proposes a meta-frontier DEA model that integrates integer constraints for evaluating the CEE of China’s provincial power industry from 2011 to 2021. This study also proposes to apply the Theil, technology gap ratio, and inefficiency decomposition indexes to analyze regional disparities, technological gaps, and strategies for enhancing CEE within China’s provincial power industry. The research findings highlight several key points. First, China’s power industry exhibits inefficiencies in CEE. The central region mainly contributes to the overall CEE decline, and approximately 70% of provinces demonstrate an average CEE below 0.70. Second, the technological level of the western region is leading, while that of the central region is the worst. Specifically, Ningxia, Hainan, and Jiangsu have the most advanced production technology levels. Third, substantial disparities in CEE within China’s power industry primarily stem from regional imbalances in development. Fourth, technical inefficiency contributed 68.24% of the CEE in the central region, and management inefficiency contributed 96.91% and 65.42% in the western and eastern regions, respectively. Overall, China’s power industry still has 37% potential for improvement.

Inter-regional patient mobility in decentralised Spain: Explaining regional budget imbalances.

Inter-regional patient mobility represents both a resource and a challenge for the organization and financing of health systems, particularly in decentralised countries. We use cross-sectional time series regression analysis to test the determinants of imbalances in regional funds to finance inter-regional patient mobility for the 17 Spanish regions for the period 2014-2020. The findings indicate that highly specialised health centres and bilateral agreements partly explain the budget imbalance from inter-regional patient referrals, while local tourism partly explains the budget imbalance from non-referred patient mobility. Developing effective national schemes to compensate net patient recipient regions would be fundamental to addressing territorial imbalances.

A Spatiotemporal Hierarchical Analysis Method for Urban Traffic Congestion Optimization Based on Calculation of Road Carrying Capacity in Spatial Grids

Traffic congestion is a globally widespread problem that causes significant economic losses, delays, and environmental impacts. Monitoring traffic conditions and analyzing congestion factors are the first, challenging steps in optimizing traffic congestion, one of the main causes of which is regional spatiotemporal imbalance. In this article, we propose an improved spatiotemporal hierarchical analysis method whose steps include calculating road carrying capacity based on geospatial data, extracting vehicle information from remote sensing images to reflect instantaneous traffic demand, and analyzing the spatiotemporal matching degree between roads and vehicles in theory and in practice. First, we defined and calculated the ratio of carrying capacity in a regional road network using a nine-cell-grid model composed of nested grids of different sizes. By the conservation law of flow, we determined unbalanced areas in the road network configuration using the ratio of the carrying capacity of the central cell to that of the nine grid cells. Then, we designed a spatiotemporal analysis method for traffic congestion using real-time traffic data as the dependent variables and five selected spatial indicators relative to the spatial grids as the independent variables. The proposed spatiotemporal analysis method was applied to Chengdu, a typical provincial capital city in China. The relationships among regional traffic, impact factors, and spatial heterogeneity were analyzed. The proposed method effectively integrates GIS, remote sensing, and deep learning technologies. It was further demonstrated that our method is reliable and effective and enhances the coordination of congested areas by virtue of a fast calculation speed and an efficient local balance adjustment.

Building the bioeconomy: A targeted assessment approach to identifying biobased technologies, challenges and opportunities.

The authors explore opportunities, challenges, and strategies to translate and responsibly scale innovative biobased technologies to build more sustainable bioeconomies. The pandemic and other recent disruptions increased exposure to issues of resilience and regional imbalance, highlighting a need for production and consumption regimes centred more on local biobased resources and dispersed production. The authors review potential biobased technology strategies and identify promising and feasible options for the United Kingdom. Initial landscape and bibliometric analysis identified 50 potential existing and emerging biobased technologies, which were assessed for their ability to fulfil requirements related to biobased production, national applicability, and economic-, societal-, and environmental-benefits, leading to identification of 18 promising biobased production technologies. Further analysis and focus-group discussion with industrial, governmental, academic, agricultural, and social stakeholders, identified three technology clusters for targeted assessment, drawing on cellulose-, lignin-, and seaweed feedstocks. Case studies were developed for each cluster, addressing conversations around sustainable management, use of biomass feedstocks, and associated environmental-, social-, and economic challenges. Cases are presented with discussion of insights and implications for policy. The approach presented is put forward as a scalable assessment method that can be useful in prompting, informing, and advancing discussion and deliberation on opportunities and challenges for biobased transformations.

Assessment of Multi-Regional Comprehensive Benefits of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China

Inter-basin water transfer (IBWT) projects are an effective means of addressing regional water resource imbalances. However, owing to the long construction cycle, large investment amount, and wide impact range, water diversion projects exhibit delayed and complex benefits, often lacking clear comprehension. In this study, we established a multi-regional comprehensive benefit assessment framework for the IBWT, considering spatiotemporal and multi-dimensional value effects. Using the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) in China as an example, we assessed its comprehensive benefits from 2003 to 2020. The results showed that the comprehensive benefits of the project were USD 207 billion, encompassing economic and ecological benefits, accounting for 71.6% and 28.4%, respectively. In 2020, the benefits of the SNWDP amounted to USD 39.3 billion, with a per-unit area benefit range of USD −1.03 to 4.27. The operation of the SNWDP effectively alleviated groundwater overexploitation in water-receiving areas. However, without the SNWDP, the total loss caused by industrial development limitations due to water scarcity would have been USD 154.3 billion. These results indicate the importance of a practical framework for assessing IWBT project benefits, aiding managers in assessment tasks, and facilitating the prediction and adjustment of project benefits.

Can the Digital Economy Reduce the Rural-Urban Income Gap?

Currently, the Chinese government is considering two major strategies, namely, developing the digital economy and achieving common prosperity, to address regional development imbalances. Using panel data from 276 Chinese cities spanning from 2011 to 2019, the article first employs the entropy method to measure China’s digital economy development, digital fusion application, and Internet accessibility. Subsequently, the paper evaluates the influence of the digital economy on regional development imbalances, focusing on the rural-urban income gap. The results show a significant reduction in the rural-urban income gap due to digital economy development. Notably, digital fusion applications have a greater impact on reducing the rural-urban income gap than Internet accessibility. In addition, a heterogeneity analysis reveals that the influence of the digital economy on the rural-urban income gap is only reflected in the eastern and western regions, with a more substantial effect observed in the western region. This study, to some extent, helps Chinese government officials distinguish the diverse impacts of different dimensions and regional variations in digital economies on the rural-urban income gap. Such insights can guide the government in strategically advancing digital economy development to accelerate the mitigation of regional disparities and achieve sustainable economic development.

Economic Complexity and Regional Growth in Turkey: Implications for East-West Disparity

ABSTRACT Economic complexity has significant implications for regional imbalances in Turkey, given the pronounced economic differences between its eastern and western provinces. This study aims to provide evidence to support the hypothesis that economic complexity has a significant positive effect on regional growth and long-standing regional imbalances in Turkey prevent the eastern region from benefiting equally from the economic gains of rising complexity. Using annual export data from 2007 to 2020 we calculated economic fitness and economic complexity indexes for the provinces of Turkey. We demonstrate that both economic fitness and economic complexity indexes are important determinants of regional growth in Turkey.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНО-РЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА И МЕЖРЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ АСИММЕТРИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СУБЪЕКТОВ СТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ РОССИИ

Natural climatic conditions and natural resource potential are the key factors that determine the development sustainability ofthe steppe zone regions of Russia. The use of natural resource potential is a determinant in the interregional asymmetry of the socio-economic development of steppe regions. In today’s context, regional imbalances are becoming a national security problem, going beyond exclusively socialand economic issues and forming complex risks, challenges, and threats.The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of natural resource potential on the formation of interregional asymmetry of sustainabledevelopment of Russia’s steppe regions. The authors have compiled a database of indicators characterizing the state of natural resource potential(NRP) for 18 regions of the steppe zone. A rating assessment of the steppe zone regions by groups of indicators reflecting the use of NRP wascarried out based on the authors' methodology. The authors constructed a cartographic diagram of the results of rating assessment of the regions bygroups of NRP indicators and cluster analysis of the ratings of indicators characterizing NRP and the sustainable development goals (SDG). Therelationship between ratings of the NRP use and SDG indicators based on the calculated Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients was estimated.There is a negative trend in the dynamics of indicators of the forest resources state in the regions of the Russian steppe zone, and also areduction in the area of agricultural land (by 4% in the regions, on average).The study revealed that the ratings of the use of natural resource potential are interrelated: for the ‘water resources’ group of indicators, adirect connection was revealed with the ratings of the ‘mineral resources’ and ‘land resources’ groups of indicators. The ratings of six blocks ofsustainable development goals have a close direct connection with the rating of the use of mineral resources; more than half of the ratings of theblocks of sustainable development goals are connected with the rating of the use of water resources.

The Role of the MSME Sector; Its Implicit Growth and Contribution to Entrepreneurship and Employment Generation in Dimapur, Nagaland

MSMEs are important to the economy and have been shown to be particularly effective in eliminating poverty in the lowest-income regions as well as regional imbalances. This study’s primary goal is to evaluate the effectiveness and contribution of Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs), which foster entrepreneurship and create jobs for a variety of people, thus boosting the economy’s growth on both a regional and national level. Through comprehensive analysis and empirical investigation, the study aims to uncover the implicit growth trajectories of the MSME sector and its significant contributions to entrepreneurial endeavours and the creation of sustainable employment avenues. By shedding light on these vital aspects, the research seeks to provide valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners aimed at fostering economic development and fostering a conducive environment for MSME growth in the region. However, the total number of beneficiaries during the designated time frame is 443. The status of employment generation under the MSMEs is seen to be increasing at a rapid rate from 3301 in F.Y. 2020 -2021 to 14117 in F.Y. 2023 – 2024.

MSME IN INDIA: ENGINES OF EMPLOYMENT GENERATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

This study delves into the significant role played by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India particularly in terms of employment generation and overall economic growth. It examines the current scenario of MSME through the employment, utilizing data from various sources including Annual report of MSME and NSS 73rd round conducted during 2015-16. The analysis shows the substantial contribution of MSME to job creation across different sectors and regions, highlighting their pivotal role in addressing issues of unemployment, poverty and regional imbalances. Moreover, the study explores the relationship between the number of working enterprises and employment generation over a fourteen-year period from 2001-02 to 2014-15, illustrating a positive economic trend characterized by steady growth in both sectors. The findings highlight the significance of MSMEs in driving economic development and fostering inclusive growth in India.

Green innovation and enterprise digital transformation: Escape from the "dilemma" of development and governance choices.

The digital economy is now the expected norm for economic development, warranting strategic importance for enterprise digital transformation. Nonetheless, enterprises have a lengthy journey to embark upon for digital transformation. On the one hand, resource-based demands pose a significant challenge due to the development characteristics of the initiative; on the other hand, excessive emphasis on economic gains may result in severe environmental issues. Therefore, this paper examines whether green innovation, which combines environmental and economic benefits, can effectively address the above dilemma. The study includes all A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2020 as the research sample, and empirically investigates the impact of green innovation on enterprise digital transformation and its mechanism based on resource-based view. The study concluded that (i) green innovation has a significant positive impact on corporate digital transformation performance, exhibiting asymmetric effects. The robustness tests confirmed the validity of the findings. (ii) Enterprises that actively engage in green innovation can effectively reduce their financial constraints, enhance their operational capacity, and enable the efficient allocation of resources, thereby promoting digital transformation within the enterprise. (iii) There is a regional imbalance in the conversion of green innovation performance into economic performance. The aforementioned results offer fresh insights for investigating the connection between green innovation and digital transformation. Additionally, these findings hold significant implications for the discourse on the synergistic advancement of the environment and economy.

Global trends and hotspots in the field of mitochondrial dynamics and hepatocellular carcinoma: A bibliometric analysis from 2007 to 2023

BackgroundMitochondria are dynamic organelles, and mitochondrial dynamics are important for the maintenance of mitochondrial inheritance and function. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, bibliometric analyses of mitochondrial dynamics in HCC are scarce. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to explore the current global research status and trends in mitochondrial dynamics and HCC. MethodsGlobal publications on mitochondrial dynamics and HCC published between 2007 and May 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric analysis was performed using Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace to analyze the numbers, citations, countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords. ResultsA total of 518 publications were retrieved fromthe WoSCC database. China and The Fourth Military Medical University were the most productive countries and institutions. Zorzano, A published the most literature whereas Chen, HC was the author with the highest number of co-citations. Plos One was the most popular journal, whereas the Journal of Biological Chemistry had the highest number of co-citations. The most frequently used keyword was “mitochondria”. Further analysis of the references and keywords showed that the molecular mechanisms linking them to drug therapy targets should be the focus of future studies. ConclusionsResearch on mitochondrial dynamics in HCC has received much attention, and many studies have been published. However, research on mitochondrial dynamics and HCC has been limited by insufficient regional development imbalances and global cooperation. Nevertheless, future research on mitochondrial dynamics and HCC is promising, especially regarding the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial fission and fusion and how to link the currently known molecular mechanisms with drug therapy targets for HCC.

Evaluation Model Construction of School-Enterprise Cooperation Innovation Ability Based on Big Data Analysis

Abstract This study analyzes SCIE papers published by 39 universities as a substantial big-data sample, employing latent class analysis to explore the characteristics of university-enterprise cooperation in Chinese institutions. It identifies five categorical attributes to construct a latent class model. This paper integrates hierarchical analysis with fuzzy mathematics to develop a comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model. By organizing and layering the factors, a rational set of indicators is established, and a hierarchical analysis structure is constructed. Utilizing a judgment matrix, the study calculates the importance rankings of all indicators, thereby highlighting the significant influence of the factors. Empirical results indicate that the model achieves optimal fit with five latent categories. Within the five primary indicators for evaluating the innovation capability of university-enterprise cooperation, the weight of innovation outcomes is the highest at 0.24, followed by industrial innovation at 0.22. The analysis reveals a regional imbalance in university-enterprise collaboration across the eastern coastal area, with Guangdong achieving the highest rating of 84.03, closely followed by Jiangsu. In assessing the innovation capability of university-enterprise cooperation in Guangdong's applied universities, the overall scores for universities categorized as B, C, and D are 3.641, 3.522, and 3.409, respectively. Notably, the scores for R&D investment intensity and Chinese patent applications are relatively low, suggesting these areas require enhancement to bolster support and development, thereby improving university-enterprise cooperation and innovation capabilities.

МИГРАЦИОННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА РОССИИ: МЕСТО И РОЛЬ ВИЗОВОЙ ТРУДОВОЙ МИГРАЦИИ СЕГОДНЯ

The subject of the study is the place and role of visa labor migration in modern Russian migration policy. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the current state of visa labor migration in the context of federal districts and specific regions, meeting their needs for skilled labor. The relevance of the study is due to the emerging trend of increasing annual volumes of quota migration, the prospects for the development of these trends, and the analysis of the role of the main countries supplying labor migrants. The research methods include analysis, systematization, synthesis, and classification of the objects under study. In the course of the study, an attempt was made to classify the country’s regions by the scale of visa labor migration and to assess the impact of regional imbalances on its development and the stability of the quota system. A conclusion was made about the high degree of sustainability of the existing migration flows from a number of countries. The practical results of the study are determined by the possibility of using the obtained data to forecast and plan the scale and structure of attracting visa-based foreign labor to Russia.

Дослідження тенденцій соціально-економічного розвитку регіонів України

The article discusses the current trends in the socioeconomic development of the regions of Ukraine, which remains a critical problem, especially in the context of constant regional imbalances that impede the overall economic stability of the country. The decentralization process, which gave more autonomy to local governments, was expected to mitigate some of these imbalances. However, challenges such as the long-term war, the COVID-19 pandemic, and systemic infrastructure shortages have exacerbated the development gap between regions. Many regions continue to face obstacles related to investment attractiveness, innovation, and efficient use of resources, hindering their economic growth. Therefore, addressing these inequalities is essential to achieve sustainable national development and ensure social cohesion. The aim of this article is to analyze the main trends in the socioeconomic development of the regions of Ukraine and provide recommendations for addressing the existing challenges. The study aims to examine the factors that account for regional differences, assess the impact of decentralization reforms, and identify effective measures to promote balanced regional growth. The study also identifies critical infrastructure gaps that prevent regions from fully exploiting their economic potential. It is concluded that the achievement of balanced socioeconomic development of the regions of Ukraine requires purposeful State intervention and strengthening of interregional cooperation. The data obtained indicate the need to expand investment programs aimed at underdeveloped regions, improve infrastructure and support innovative industries. In addition, continuous optimization of the decentralization process is important, in particular in terms of increasing the transparency and efficiency of local governance. By focusing on these areas, Ukraine can reduce regional disparities, increase economic resilience, and promote sustainable, inclusive growth across the country. The article provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the current state of regional development in Ukraine and offers practical solutions for bridging the socioeconomic gap between regions.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ КИБЕРСПОРТА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The article examines the key aspects and factors influencing the development of esports in the country. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of esports in Russia, identify the main obstacles and opportunities for its growth and popularization. The objectives of the research are to identify the factors influencing the development of esports, to study the level of popularity of esports disciplines in Russia, as well as to analyze the problems of esports in Russia. The study analyzed the development of esports in the city of Kazan. The results showed that the development of esports in Russia is concentrated in large cities, which creates regional imbalances and negatively affects the overall level of development. The main factors contributing to the growth of esports are improving infrastructure, increasing government support and attracting sponsorship funds. The findings of the study indicate the need to develop a federal model of “sport without borders” aimed at creating equal conditions for all regions of the country.

Global Capability Centres in India: Current Scenario and the Way Forward

Global Capability Centres (GCCs) have emerged as the greatest growth engine in India during the past two decades. However, the success story of GCCs in India is constrained by regional imbalance in the upward journey of the country towards prosperity and progress. While the GCCs have transformed the industrial landscape of southern states in India, the northern and eastern states of the country have remained backward. Setting up of GCCs in the backward states of India require significant investments in world class infrastructure like Technology Parks and Special Economic Zone. It is hoped that the new government after elections in 2024 will pay heed to the aspirations of the backward regions of the country so that the dream of ‘Viksit Bharat by 2047’ can be achieved. Further, expansion of GCCs will mitigate the incidence of unemployment and poverty and help India become 5-Trillion economy in due course.

Evolution of spatial network structure for land-use carbon emissions and carbon balance zoning in Jiangxi Province: A social network analysis perspective

Exploring the spatial network structure of land-use carbon emissions (LUCE) and the carbon balance in developing regions is pivotal for climate change mitigation in these areas. Using socio-economic and land-use data from 2000 to 2020, this study focused on Jiangxi Province as a representative case to elucidate the spatial network structure of LUCE and conduct carbon balance zoning. The primary findings were as follows: (1) The LUCE distribution in Jiangxi Province demonstrated a spatial pattern with high values in the northwest and low values in the southeast. An increasing trend was observed in the total amount of LUCE. Furthermore, there were evident regional differences in the Ecological Support Coefficient (ESC), indicating a weakening regional carbon sink capacity. (2) The spatial network structure of LUCE was intricate but stable. Although the gravitational interactions of LUCE between cities have intensified, overall network connectivity remained moderately correlated, indicating a prominent regional development imbalance. (3) There was a pronounced “core-periphery” structure in the LUCE spatial correlation network. Northern Jiangxi was the “core” of the network, taking an “initiator” role, whereas most cities in southern Jiangxi played a “passive” role, and resided at the “periphery” of the network. The inter-regional LUCE network exhibited pronounced spatial spillover, with inter-block correlations surpassing those within blocks. (4) By leveraging empirical data and spatial metrics, we categorized Jiangxi Province into five distinct carbon balance zoning types and subsequently proposed land-use optimization strategies. From the perspective of social network analysis (SNA), this study offers methodological insights into low-carbon development and synergistic emission reduction in developing regions.