Regional Energy Use Research Articles

Energy Considerations in Design for Environment: Appropriate Energy Selection and Energy Efficiency

The design aspects of energy selection and energy efficiency are described. These topics are key components of Design for Environment, and thus are important considerations in industrial ecology. In the article, background material is presented on energy forms, sources, carriers and conversion technologies. Then, energy use in countries, regions and sectors is discussed, and the impact of energy use on the environment described. Efficiencies and other measures of merit for energy use are presented, and design for energy selection and for energy efficiency are described, highlighting energy-related design factors for pollution prevention. Finally sustainable development and its relation to energy and efficiency are discussed, and a case study is presented.

Model for calculating regional energy use, industrial production and greenhouse gas emissions for evaluating global climate scenarios

Model for calculating regional energy use, industrial production and greenhouse gas emissions for evaluating global climate scenarios

Direct Use of Geothermal Energy in Circum-Pacific Region: ABSTRACT

Geothermal energy is being utilized for direct use projects in several countries in the Circum-Pacific region. New Zealand has numerous projects in space conditioning and industrial processing. Most notable are the space heating in Rotorua, pulp and paper processing at Kawerau, sulfur extraction, alfalfa dehydration, and a planned salt extraction plant. At Tiwi, in the Philippines, experimental work has been carried out on salt production, grain drying, fish canning, and refrigeration. Many diverse uses have been attempted in Japan, including greenhouses, animal husbandry (chickens) fish breeding, carp, eel and alligator raising, space heating, pavement snow melting, and bathing. Presently, two national projects are under investigation at Shizukuishi, Iwate, and Kazuno, A ita. A cascaded use for district heating, greenhouse, snow melting, animal husbandry, and fish breeding is planned with water supplied from the Kakkonda and Onuma power plants. Experimental work is being carried on in Taiwan, especially in lumber and cereal drying. The People's Republic of China has been involved in wool piece goods and carpet manufacturing, using geothermal energy, along with poultry raising. Several district heating projects are planned in Tianjin and Beijing. The USA has planned space heating and greenhouse projects in Alaska, and has district heating projects under construction in Klamath Falls, Oregon, Boise, Idaho, Susanville, California, and Reno, Nevada. Onion dehydration and milk pasteurization are the only industrial processing uses. In Hawaii, near Puna, cane ugar and papaya processing plants, a cattle feed mill and an industrial park are being studied. Central and South America have no direct use projects in operation or under construction, however, a desalination plant is being considered for El Tatio, Chile. End_of_Article - Last_Page 975------------

Considerations for Regional Energy Planning

The purpose of the paper is to present potential conceptual frameworks which the planner and urban engineer may use to deal with energy systems on a regional basis. A case study is considered as an indication of the definite need for such methodologies. The paradigms having potential utility for the urban planner and engineer are based on the natural ecosystem, the flow of resources, the relationship between land use and energy consumption, the input-output technique and on social structure pattern. Each approach to regional energy problems has disadvantages and advantages which are considered. Special consideration is given to one technique, computing order of magnitude energy usage estimates from land-use categories as a useful means of achieving a basic understanding of regional energy use.

On the Temperature Response in Ice Sheets to Radioactive Waste Deposits

AbstractDisposal of the the radioactive waste from the peaceful use of nuclear energy in the central region of the ice sheet of Greenland or Antarctica has been proposed. This paper demonstrates that an area only 100 km2 on the ice divide is sufficient to dispose of the high-level waste of the whole world for the next 30 years without hazard. The thermal power of the radioactive decay makes the waste containers melt down to a depth of 2 km. Thus the total disintegration heat is spread through a volume of 100 km2 × 2 km. The mean temperature increase in this volume is a few degrees. The temperature increase does not influence the rheology of the ice sheet at any time: for a few ten-thousand years after the dumping the area concerned is too small; later the temperature increase is too small.

On the Temperature Response in Ice Sheets to Radioactive Waste Deposits

AbstractDisposal of the the radioactive waste from the peaceful use of nuclear energy in the central region of the ice sheet of Greenland or Antarctica has been proposed. This paper demonstrates that an area only 100 km2on the ice divide is sufficient to dispose of the high-level waste of the whole world for the next 30 years without hazard. The thermal power of the radioactive decay makes the waste containers melt down to a depth of 2 km. Thus the total disintegration heat is spread through a volume of 100 km2× 2 km. The mean temperature increase in this volume is a few degrees. The temperature increase does not influence the rheology of the ice sheet at any time: for a few ten-thousand years after the dumping the area concerned is too small; later the temperature increase is too small.