The introduction of the "Belt and Road" initiative has played a significant driving role, propelling the economic and social development of countries along its route. Energy resources stand as pivotal elements for the economies, core industries, and crucial revenue sources of nations along the "Belt and Road," and fluctuations in their prices inevitably impact policy planning, infrastructure, institutional arrangements, and financial investments among these countries. Building upon this context, this paper first outlines the current energy situation of countries along the "Belt and Road," and, in conjunction with regional energy trade and energy industry characteristics, comprehensively and systematically evaluates the influencing factors of energy price fluctuations under the "Belt and Road" initiative. Based on the analysis above, this paper proposes measures to enhance price competitiveness and provides an outlook on China's future energy pricing situation. This study's holistic analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on energy prices in countries along the "Belt and Road" initiative will, to a certain extent, contribute to the theoretical research on regional energy consumption, offering theoretical guidance for the sustainable development of energy in Chinese cities.