Regional Economic System Research Articles

The effectiveness of the state regional policy implementation in the context of territorial disparities

Excessive interregional disparities in the functioning of the socio-economic system in the country substantially affect the dynamics of its socio-economic development, significantly slowing it down, as well as creating obstacles to its efficient and timely structural transformation. The analysis of territorial differentiations of socio-economic development in Ukraine’s regions according to the selected indicators in 2014-2020 shows that despite the general growth of the socio-economic development level in the regions, the asymmetric type of regional development continued to dominate. Excessively high levels of GRP differentiation per capita, capital and foreign direct investment per capita, combined with a slight differentiation of disposable income and local budget revenues (excluding transfers) per capita, showed a significant gap between the efficiency of regional economic systems and quality of inhabitants’ life in the regions. To assess the efficiency of the strategic goals and priorities implementation of the 2020 Regional Development Strategy of Ukraine, an assessment of annual indicators related to the regulation of interregional differentiation is conducted. The negative impact of complex socio-political and financial-economic circumstances, as well as insufficient efficiency of state regional policy instruments, did not allow to achieve the projected rates of most indicators within the priorities of the 2020 Regional Development Strategy of Ukraine related to the regulation of interregional differentiation. The systemic nature of the interregional disparities in Ukraine causes the low efficiency of numerous attempts to solve these problems with the help of separate tools of regional policy. The main focus and resources in the strategic objectives implementation in regional development related to the reduction of interregional disparities should be focused on creating favorable conditions for the most efficient use of regional socio-economic capacity based on the strengths of each region and specialized innovative solutions.

GREENING OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Sustainable development was chosen by the United Nations as the key concept of the future in the 21st century, which led to the emergence of other economic concepts, such as green and blue economy, seen as contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). In Russia, despite the ongoing processes of green transformation in some economic sectors and certain improvements in the green legislation and green finance, not all businesses and regions are ready to embrace sustainable development. This paper discusses two interconnected aspects of regional economic systems — their economic efficiency and environmental impact. The analysis focuses on the regions of the Ural Federal District and explores these regions’ transition to sustainable development by looking at their eco-intensity. Methodologically, the study relies on the methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical, comparative and causal analysis. Conceptually, we use the theoretical framework of sustainable development as a point of departure for our discussion. The results have shown, on the one hand, a decrease in the industrial pressure on the natural environment, related primarily to the enhanced resource efficiency of certain industries. On the other hand, less effort is now invested into minimising the negative impact on the environment in Ural regions. We have also identified those areas of sustainable development that hold most promise in the Russian context. Our findings can serve as a basis for the strategies of regional sustainable development and may be used for further research on socio-environmental and economic sustainability.

Conceptual model assessing complex the public-private partnership projects effectiveness

The article presents the author’s model assessing complex the public-private partnership (hereinafter PPP) projects effectiveness based on the multifaceted development of this tool for the development of regional economic systems. The relevance of the research topic is since accelerating the pace of fundraising, expanding the range of possible options for public-private partnership agreements, increasing the number of innovative projects increase the problem of developing comprehensive criteria for the PPP effectiveness assessing. Most modern studies are rather narrow in nature and consider only one of the aspects of the development of a PPP instrument: the mutually beneficial union of public and private capital. In this regard, the presented study purpose is to develop a conceptual model for the PPP projects effectiveness comprehensive assessment. The sources of this work are the regulatory legal Russian Federation acts in the field of public-private partnerships, the works of domestic and foreign authors in this area, as well as official information pages from the Internet. The developed model includes three stages of efficiency assessment. At the first stage, a qualitative PPP project assessment is carried out. The principles of integrated PPP projects assessment future model are being formed. The risks are to identify in a PPP project for each stakeholder. The second stage analyzes the value of partnerships. This analysis is based on an assessment of various comparative project performance kinds. At the third stage, a three-aspect assessment of the project’s effectiveness is carried out, considering the potential social result from the project and the benefits of the state and private partners. Based on this, the practical significance of the proposed integrated assessment model is determined, both in the regulations development to justify and the individual PPP projects effectiveness.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ РЕГИОНАЛИЗАЦИИ: ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЙ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ

The regionalization process is continuous and proceeds under the influence of many factors, both external and internal. The existing regional economic systems, due to the strengthening of global interaction, are seriously affected in the economic, cultural and ideological spheres. This article examines a number of aspects that determine the intensification of international and domestic regionalization. Currently, there is a clear tendency for the formation of supranational regions on the global geo-economic map, which gives reason to speak of the emergence of a new spatial structured formation - global regions, which Geographically, the subjects of global regions can be located at a considerable distance from each other, however, the presence of common spaces (cultural, civilizational, informatio- nal, etc.), the supranational nature and the presence of transnational networks allow us to speak of such regions as rather homogeneous econo- mic structures. It is noted that in Russia the state pays too much attention to the issues of political control over the regions, often to the detriment of their economic development, that is, there is an insufficiently high efficiency of management of economic processes taking place in the regions, due to a weak understanding of the cent- ral bureaucracy about the features of certain territories, determining the directions of their socio-economic development, focusing on political loyalty. It was also noted that the peculiarities of the geospace of Russia are the heterogeneity of the «large space of Russia», the dominance of vertical ties over horizontal ones, the undeveloped strategic territories, the focal character of the developed and inhabited territories.

Оцінка ефективності інвестиційної діяльності регіонів України

The article is aimed at assessing the efficiency of investment activity of the regions of Ukraine. The results of the carried out survey should allow to identify factors influencing this characteristic of the regional economic system and to form certain tasks for their solution in the context of intensification of investment processes at the regional level. A theoretical analysis of existing approaches to the assessment of the efficiency of investment activity at the regional level was carried out, allowing to form the author’s own approach, which is based on the computation of the aggregate integral indicator of the efficiency of investment activity of the regions of Ukraine. In order to compute the aggregate integral indicator of the efficiency of investment activity of the regions of Ukraine, a methodology is proposed, which consists in computing a set of relative indicators that are distributed within three directions, namely: impact of investment activity on the production development of region, financial development of region, and social development of region. As result of computing relative indicators, an assessment of the integral level of investment activity efficiency was carried out separately by its impact on the production, financial and social development of region. On the basis of the three computed integral indicators, the aggregate integral indicator of the efficiency of investment activity of the regions of Ukraine was calculated, allowing to divide them into regions with low, medium, higher than average, and high level of efficiency of investment activity. All analytical computations were systematized, which made it possible to distinguish the main factors influencing the efficiency of investment activity of the regions of Ukraine, taking into account of which would allow to activate the investment process at the regional level and achieve its main goals.

ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ КАПИТАЛ В СТРУКТУРЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА РЕГИОНА

The article considers approaches to determining the importance of human capital for the socio-economic development of the territories of the Russian Federation, as well as determining its place in the structure of the territorial socio-economic potential. The article shows that human capital is the basis for the formation of the regional economic system and serves as the basis for the implementation of the regional socio-economic potential. The authors define human capital as a key socio-economic and productive factor in the development of not only the modern economy, but also modern society. Regional human capital is defined as a set of human resources with their knowledge, abilities, skills, etc., formed both within the framework of individual human capital and within the framework of corporate human capital, localized on the territory of the region and able to provide reproduction processes within the regional socio-economic system. The article shows that the regional human capital in the structure of the socio-economic potential of the region has both quantitative (population size, including population migration; the gender and age composition of the population of the region, etc.), and the quality characteristics (the level of education and qualifications of the population of the region, the effectiveness of the use of human capital, etc.), reflect the importance of human capital in the state’s program documents. The article proposes the author’s vision of human capital as a resource for the socio-economic development of the region and proves that from the point of view of the realization of the socioeconomic potential of the region, the human resources of a particular region should be considered by regional authorities and management not only as a key resource that ensures the socio-economic development of the region, but also as a resource that imposes certain requirements necessary for the direct realization of human capital (potential).

INNOVATIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION

The object of the study is regional economic systems that implement innovative technological processes. The subject of the study is the economic, organizational, and managerial relations that develop in the process of formation and use of innovative and technological potential at the regional level. The purpose of the article is to study the innovative potential of the regions, substantiate the theoretical provisions and develop methodological recommendations for the development of effective ways and forms of its mobilization. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the conceptual provisions and scientific developments of domestic and foreign scientists on the formation and use of elements of innovative and technological potential at various levels of management, published in monographs, periodicals and materials of scientific and practical conferences on the topic of research. The study is based on a general scientific methodology that provides for the use of a systematic approach. Methods of observation, comparison, categorical, structural-functional, situational, economic mathematical methods, and the method of hierarchy analysis are used to solve the tasks. Results. The article describes the innovative and technological potential of the region as an economic and managerial category. The typology of innovation as a complex and diversified concept containing many interacting components is studied. The following essential characteristics of the innovation and technological potential of the region are highlighted. Firstly, the innovative and technological potential of the region is determined by the opportunities available to it for change. The innovation potential creates conditions sufficient to ensure the progressive development of the regional socio-economic system through the creation of innovations and their purposeful transformation into innovations. Secondly, the innovative and technological potential of the region is characterized by the presence of specific ones, both involved and not involved in production, but prepared for use in it. Third, the innovative and technological potential of the region is determined by the willingness to use the existing innovative opportunities in order to translate innovations into innovations. The structure of the innovation and technological potential of the region is studied. It is determined that of all the components of the innovation potential of the region, the most important is the labor (human) potential. It is characterized, firstly, by the level of qualification, intelligence, and creativity of the population living and functioning in the territory. It is the population, on the one hand, that is able to produce innovations, and on the other hand, to introduce and distribute them, thereby determining the opportunities and directions of innovative development. It is highlighting innovative and technological potential of the region following components, including the capacity of: organization and management technology; research and development; marketing; technology and production; personnel; potential financial base; knowledge base; natural resource. Practical value. This classification of the components of innovation and technological potential is of great practical importance. It focuses the attention of researchers and users on the simple fact that the key element of the innovation potential of the region is the subjects of innovation activity operating on its territory. In particular, among all subjects of management, both employed and not employed population in the market sector of the economy should be singled out.

Regional Innovative Development in the Context of Current Trends of Neo-Industrialisation

Russian economy is characterised by raw materials dependence, the impossibility of using the latest achievements of the sixth technological mode, rapid digital development, internationalisation of scientific and technological progress, the impact of technological shifts on structural transformations. These aspects lead to the implementation of an innovative scenario for the development of regions in the context of neo-industrial challenges, which is necessary for identifying and consolidating the most effective tools for innovating the modern Russian economy. This problem primarily affects regional economic systems with a set of innovative economic entities. To solve the problem, we analysed and generalised the scientific-theoretical, methodological framework, and practical aspects of regional innovative development, taking into account current trends and key parameters of neo-industrialisation. Considering neo-industrialisation in regional economic systems, the innovative development path increasingly depends on such critical parameters as human capital, intersectoral interaction, and technological modernisation processes. The paper presents scientific and theoretical substantiation of the possibilities of regional innovative development in the context of current trends of neo-industrialisation. Research methodology and tools include systemic, categorical, structural, and functional analysis, conceptual modelling. We identified and described objective factors, trends, and problems of ensuring the long-term regional innovative development. Further, we defined and classified the current trends of innovative development of the regional economy, as well as substantiated the key parameters of neo-industrialisation. Then, we created a model of regional innovative development. To explain the discrepancies between the actual and the desired level of the development of neo-industrialisation parameters, we presented an algorithm that allows identifying bottlenecks, forming a roadmap, and implementing a mechanism for strengthening the potential of regional innovative development. Additionally, we specified key aspects of the innovative development path of regions, considering the current state of the real sector. The obtained theoretical results can be used for forecasting the most important economic challenges and identifying strategic factors for the regional innovative development in the context of neo-industrialisation.

Problems in Developing a Comprehensive Toolkit for Macro-economic, Inter-regional, Inter-sectoral Analysis and Forecasting

The study reviews approaches to macro-economic and macro-territorial modelling presented in international and Russian economic publications. We focus on opportunities to improve forecasting the development of economic system in Russia at the macro-economic, inter-sectoral and inter-regional levels. We described dynamic macro-economic, inter-sectoral and inter- regional models developed in the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IEIE SB RAS). We analyse more in details three complex models proposed in IEIE SB RAS: CAISI (comprehensive analysis of inter-sectoral information), SRNES (synthesis of regional and national economic systems) and CSNES (coordination of sectoral and national economic solutions). We consider theoretical foundations of the complex models and their application in analysing and forecasting economic system development at various levels. The three complex models are based on different basic models that influence their development. IEIE SB RAS has been developing a two-level system of forecasting models, which combines advantages of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models and dynamic input-output models applied in the CAISI system. The paper describes theoretical foundations of the SRNES system, whose latest versions are premised on the general equilibrium and cooperative games theories. Then, we characterised the most developed elements of the complex model CSNES, which has the CSNES-TEK subsystem used in forecasting developments in the fuel and energy industry of Russia’s territories and SIBARP (balance calculation system for the future). The conclusion outlines directions for further research on improving the methods of macro-economic, inter-regional, and inter-sectoral forecasting based on harmonisation of analytical and forecast calculations performed using the CAISI, SRNES and CSNES systems. The results of forecast calculations using the two-level system of macro-level models can be applied in the complex models SRNES and CSNES to ensure coordination between the forecasts of socio-economic development of the Asian part of Russia and projected dynamics of macro-indicators.

Persons of Pre-Retirement Age in the Labour Market: Employment Problems and Support Measures

The problem of age discrimination in the labour sector has become even more relevant, as the increase in the retirement age and the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia reinforce ageism. The article aims to assess the incidence of age discrimination in the labour market of the Sverdlovsk Region and examine employers’ behaviour towards people nearing retirement. The mixed methodology includes quantitative (analysis of statistics, questionnaire survey, content analysis) and qualitative (in-depth interviews with employers) research methods. While in the 1990s age discrimination was evident and expressed in the exclusion of older workers from the employment sector, now age discrimination is latent and has different manifestations. The results showed that people aged over 45 have less job opportunities in the labour market. Thus, most of them choose to maintain employment. This strategy, however, does not protect against other discriminatory practices such as displacement to less paid positions, reduced pay rate, etc. This situation leads to the decrease in the average wage of workers aged 50-55 by approximately 25%. We can conclude that employers did not change their behaviour and continue using discriminatory practices to maximise the return on human capital, shifting the risks of pension reform to employees. The government is trying to smooth over the differences between the effectiveness of the regional economic system, focused on maximising the use of regional human resources, and the effectiveness of individual organisations by protecting labour rights and promoting the employment of people nearing retirement. However, the government support measures mainly focus on training or retraining of people aged over 50, while employers lack economic incentives to reconsider their attitude towards older workers. Thus, we recommend developing governmental mechanisms for encouraging employers to change their personnel policy concerning employees aged over 50.

Function of region attractiveness for economy and business as a goal of development regional economic system

Purpose: in article the economic system of the region from a position of appeal of its separate elements (types of economic activity) to a production lacuna is considered. Discussion: production lacuna refers to the subjects of the economic system of the region, which carry out their activities in it, but are not organically subordinate to the management center. For such entities, gross output and payment of taxes are recorded in the region of the parent organization. This creates heterogeneities in the structure of the system and imbalances in its development, which requires special approaches in modeling the development of the region's economy. Results: сompared to earlier work on the subject of production lacuna, the feature of this article is the use of the attractiveness function of the region as a function of the goal in the development model of the region. This approach makes it possible to direct funds towards the development of the region so as to achieve maximum attractiveness for those economic activities where the involvement of third parties is required and minimal in those where protectionism is necessary. The work also indicates ways to improve the attractiveness function, for the type of economic activity agriculture restored the type of attractiveness function of the region. The restoration of the function was carried out on the basis of a number of data from the statistical compendium and data from the tax service.

Стратегічні напрями модернізації механізму управління економікою регіонів

Introduction. The article highlights the necessity to develop the main strategic directions of modernization of the mechanism for managing the regional economy. The mechanism aims to provide the relevant evaluation of the social and economic policy efficiency at the local and national levels, as well as the efficiency of the development and implementation of the regional economic tools. The author emphasizes the necessity to not only improve, but also differentiate the mechanism to manage the regional economy in order to differentiate the social and economic development. Considering constantly changing market conditions, the article determines the necessity to review the functions of regional social and economic systems within the system of the economic environment functioning, where the decisions of their stable development take place. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the main strategic directions of modernization of the mechanism for managing the regional economy and the main issues of the managerial regional economic system improvement. Results. The main strategic directions of modernization of the mechanism to manage the regional economy have been researched. The main issues of the managerial regional economic system improvement have been determined. Taking into account the structured process approach, the mechanism for managing the regional economy has been developed. The development of the managerial regional economic system during the USSR period has been assessed, the main issues have been determined. The main factors to transform the regional economic mechanism in current reality have been studied. The enlarged scheme to assess the efficiency of social and economic regional development has been designed. The research findings reveal that the development of key parameters of modernization of the managerial mechanism based on the differentiation approach is important in conditions of independent functioning of territories and their decentralization. Conclusions. The author concludes that the improvement of the managerial regional economic system in conditions of their independence considers its permanent monitoring of the efficiency to manage the development of social and economic regions. The choice of differentiated managerial mechanism relevant for the regional development should be based on the data provided by the monitoring. Such approach will allow to decrease in the differentiation level and foster the increase in responsibility of regional authorities related to functioning of the territories managed.

Regional management: foreign experience

Regional management is currently considered as a combination of administrative, economic, political impacts on economic, social, demographic, resource-economic and other processes taking place in the region with the aim of ensuring a sustainable and balanced development of the region and the improvement of the life quality of the population today and in perspective. The diversity of regional economic systems forms the basis of the mechanism for identifying and disseminating the positive experience of the national economy management. This aspect determines the relevance of the study. The article discusses the patterns and features of the regional governance on the basis of the socio-economic development of two polar states in order to illustrate the national interests of each country. The problems of the socio-economic development are shown from the position of systematic approach principles and methods. The main goals of the regional management are also formulated, along with the ways of smoothing the levels of the socio-economic development of regions by overcoming existing interregional imbalances. As a part of the study of the patterns and features of China’s regional management the institutional approaches of the regional policy have been indicated taking into account the ranking of territories and the directive planning of the national economy. Organizational and economic mechanisms focused on the improvement of the human resources potential have been studied on the base of the German model of regional policy. Based on the results of the study, relevant conclusions were made.

Russia’s Eastern Border: Spatial Heterogeneity of Incomes and Problems of Population Retention

One of the main problems hindering the development of territories adjacent to the state border of Eastern Russia is population outflow, mainly educated, young, and active citizens. Among the reasons are territorial differences in the level and quality of life. To analyze interregional differentiation, this study uses indicators of the dynamics of net incomes of legally employed citizens in various industries and sectors, adjusted for the rise in prices in the Russian regions. We considered the period from 2011, the moment of economic stabilization after the 2008–2009 crisis, up to 2016. Data are presented on changes in the legal incomes of citizens formed by regional economies in the period 2016–2018, when regional economic systems adapted somewhat to shocks after 2014. Official statistical information was processed and analyzed with GIS technologies; the results are presented in thematic maps of the distribution of the studied indicators by regions. The crisis-related phenomena and economic shocks undoubtedly had a significant impact on regional economies, but the degree of sensitivity to them, determined, inter alia, by socioeconomic policy, was highly heterogeneous. Import substitution policy has had a certain positive impact on the agricultural sector, and in most Russian regions, the net income of those working in it has grown significantly. Considering that the net incomes of citizens in the agroindustrial complex remain low, and the share of those living in rural settlements in eastern border regions is quite high, it should be stated that the geopolitical tasks in the Russia’s East are still far from solved. As a result of processing and analyzing a large body of data, it was established that the dynamics of net incomes of those employed in the Far Eastern economy is generally more favorable than in Eastern Siberia, although there are significant sectoral differences.

Measurement of Economic Contribution of Small and Medium Airports and Its Enlightenment to Region Economic Development

Based on the study of the influence mechanism of airports on regional economic development, this paper empirically analyzes the interaction between small and medium-sized airports and regional economic development by using the data of Mianyang Nanjiao airport from 2002 to 2017, in order to provide measurement methods and theoretical support for local governments to encourage and promote the development of local airports. In the part of empirical analysis, firstly, this paper constructs the air transport scale index system of small and medium-sized airports and the evaluation index system of regional economic development. Then, the entropy method is selected to select the key factors of the airport, so as to obtain the airport transportation capacity equivalent, and the principal component analysis method is used to extract the high load index of the regional economic system. Finally, this paper establishes the SVAR model of airport transportation capacity and regional economic relationship, carries out structural impulse response and variance decomposition analysis, draws the conclusion that small and medium-sized airports have a positive impact on regional economic development, but not significant, and analyzes the reasons.

Urban network externalities, agglomeration economies and urban economic growth

This study analyzes the effect of urban network externalities on urban growth and compares it with that of agglomeration economies from the perspective of the externality theory. Traditional regional and urban economic theories emphasize the role of agglomeration economies in promoting regional growth. However, urban networks have gradually become the main form of regional economic systems. Urban network externalities are also becoming increasingly critical with the dramatic development of infrastructure and information technology. This study identifies the national urban network and analyzes its structure and characteristics using complex network methods based on the data of train frequency among 273 municipal districts in China. Then, an urban growth model is constructed with Spatial Durbin Model specifications to examine the impact of urban network externalities on economic growth and compare it with that of agglomeration economies. The results show that the urban network externality has a significant effect on promoting urban economic development; cities with higher in-closeness centrality tend to enjoy higher economic growth due to their central position in the network. Moreover, compared with agglomeration economies, urban network externalities do not depend on the geographical proximity of cities but on the connections in the network, and can generate cross-spatial spillover effects.

Socio-Economic Development of the Southern Russia Regions in the Industry 4.0: Achievements, Problems, Priorities

The article provides the comparative analysis of the current positions of the regional economic systems of the Southern Federal District (SFD) under the first phase of the fourth industrial revolution in Russia in the following key aspects: socio-economic situation, level of scientific, technological and innovative development, and digital transformation. The broad empirical basis of the study involves the reports of the European Commission, the World Economic Forum, the International Institute for Management Development, the World Intellectual Property Organization, official data from the Rosstat, the Ministry of Economic Development, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation, the specialized studies of Russian and foreign analytical companies, research divisions of the Higher School of Economics, the Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, the Leontief Center - AV Group Consortium, specialized associations, public organizations, which are summarized in the ranking tables with their subsequent analytical interpretation. The research concluded that, in line with the global trends, achieving high competitiveness by the SFD leading regions and keeping their advanced socio-economic position is supported by their advanced scientific, technological and innovative development, high level of digitalization in all spheres of life, broad application of information and communication technologies by households and organizations, and development of digital skills. In this regard, the author substantiates the necessity of forming a complementary system of human, material and natural, technical and technological, institutional, organizational and informational factors in all the SFD regions to provide the regional economy development in the context of the Industry 4.0 priorities.

Забезпечення економічної безпеки на регіональному рівні як напрям державного впливу

Understanding of economic security at the legislative level is not defined as an object of state influence in Ukraine; the means of influence, for the most part, are focused on similar ways of managing the regional economic system. The necessity of finding and developing the most effective management methods for ensuring economic security, in particular at the regional level, is shown. It is argued that ensuring regional economic security must be based on the study of the specificity and systematization of regional-specific risks and threats. It is determined that the main purpose of the state administration for ensuring the economic security of the region is to prevent threats and maintain the overall stability of the regional economic system. As a result of the analysis of the main problems of ensuring the economic security of the country, the essence of the economic security of the regions was identified as one of the components of ensuring national security at the present stage of social development.The content of the author's interpretation of the category «economic security of the region» is grounded on the basis of the systematization of risks and threats specific to different types of regions. It is stated that the economic security of a region means a characteristic of the achieved state of its socio-economic system, which is the ability to withstand possible internal and external threats at the expense of available management tools and remedies that cover as much as possible all spheres of society.The distinctive feature of the proposed definition is the identification of risks and threats specific to different types of regions, respectively, and the means of public administration for economic security for each region must be individual.

Решение задачи управления региональной социально-экономической системой с учетом эффективного объема трудовых ресурсов

In the paper, a problem of regional socio-economic system management is solved, as exemplified by one of Russia’s regions. An optimal management algorithm is created, with an effective capacity of the workforce taken into account. The statement of the problem is implemented based on a regional economic system macro model, with an effective capacity of a labor force and a physical capital to be viewed as development factors. The underscore preliminary proposition of the model is the fact that labor force effective capacity consists of both qualitative (labor productivity of a worker) and quantitative (labor pool) properties. The product is distributed into consumption, capital widening and sustainment investments, and regional socio-educational development potential. The qualitative property of the workforce is derived from these socio-educational potential investments. Adding a workforce effective capacity factor to the model is the key feature of the management problem statement. The problem-solving algorithm comprises two stages: building an objective optimal balanced growth trajectory and building an optimal trajectory of socio-economic system motion which would propel it to the balanced growth trajectory. The time of transitional period up to reaching an objective balanced growth trajectory can be changed by varying build-up rates of a socio-educational potential. The paper is first to use a two-factor approach in building an optimal investment distribution to solve the problem of socio-economic system management with a workforce effective capacity taken into consideration. Data on demography and volume of investments in educational, production, and social fields of the Udmurt Republic served as an information base of the model. Due to identify unknown parameters of the model, the data as of 2000-2019 was used. Optimal investment rates were calculated which would enable the socio-economic system to reach a balanced growth trajectory by the year 2025. The suggested method can also be used for building a development trajectory for a given socio-economic system, as well as for handling parametrical model calculations to determine their factors.

Sustainability Assessment of Water Resources in Beijing

A sustainability assessment of water resources is essential for maintaining regional sustainable development. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of changes in the sustainability of the water resource system in Beijing from 2008 to 2018 was conducted on the basis of the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) model. To reflect the impacts of humans on the water consumption and pollution of water resources, the water footprint was considered. In addition, key factors that affect the sustainability of water resources were filtered by the modified entropy method. The results indicated that all drivers, pressures, states, impacts, and responses demonstrated increasing tendencies. As a result, a remarkable improvement in the sustainability of the water system, which was mitigated from an alert state to a good state, was achieved due to the comprehensive effect of the indexes. From these results, we inferred that the sustainability of regional water resources could only be achieved through a comprehensive consideration of regional social, economic, and environmental water systems and climate change. Therefore, formulating medium- and long-term urban, economic, and water development plans and adjusting medium- and short-term water utilization programs could contribute to the sustainable utilization of regional water resources.