Regional Disaster Management Agency Research Articles

Evaluation of the Pangandaran District BPBD Policy in Disaster Risk Reduction Efforts in Pangandaran District

This study assesses the performance of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) in Pangandaran Regency by analyzing its policies and reviewing disaster reduction reports. Utilizing a literature review method, with a focus on BPBD Pangandaran Regency's policy documents, the evaluation links the Strategic Plan (Renstra) to outcomes in the Performance Accountability Report (LAKIP). The Renstra outlines disaster prevention, emergency response, and post-disaster policies, translated into programs to enhance the region's disaster management capacity, measured by the Regional Resilience Index. Despite an improved index attributed to successful handling of 125 disasters in 2022, including fires, tornadoes, landslides, floods, and earthquakes, the study notes challenges such as a lack of updates in crucial documents and insufficient human resources impacting BPBD Pangandaran's performance. While the agency has achieved a 100% performance realization in various programs, attention to document updates and resource allocation is essential for more efficient disaster management in Pangandaran Regency.

Faktor Pendorong dan Faktor Penghambat dalam Penanggulangan Bencana Banjir di Kota Solok

This research focuses on the problem of flood disasters which often occur every year and flood management carried out by the Solok City government. The research was carried out with the aim of finding out the driving and inhibiting factors in flood management in Solok City. The research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The research locations are at the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) Solok City Office, Solok City Public Works and Spatial Planning Service (PUPR), and Solok City Housing and Settlement Area Service (PERKIM). Research informants used purposive sumpling techniques. Data collection was carried out by interviews, observation and document study and data analysis by data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the government has made efforts to overcome floods by conducting outreach and simulations, carrying out monitoring, carrying out cleaning of river sediments and ensuring that river operations can run well. It requires encouragement from all parties so that it can be carried out well, but the implementation has not been effective because it is still ongoing. obstacles were found in its implementation.

Analisis Faktor Penyebab Banjir Di Kecamatan Jombang Dengan Model Sistem Dinamik

Cilegon City is an area that has a high level of vulnerability to various disasters, including natural disasters. Natural disasters are events that are natural and have the potential to cause damage and destruction to the environment, with impacts in the form of loss of life, material loss, and damage to infrastructure that has been developed over some time. Based on the Cilegon City Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), flooding is a frequent natural disaster in Cilegon City. This research aims to identify the factors that cause flooding in the Jombang Subdistrict area. The research stages are observation, data collection, data processing with the causal loop diagram approach, data validation, data analysis, and conclusion. The results of the analysis show that the main factors causing flooding in Jombang Subdistrict are the intensity of rainfall, small drainage, and the small number of absorption wells. The consequences caused by floods are property damage, the spread of disease, economic losses, environmental damage, infrastructure disruption, and social disruption. Therefore, the solution to flooding in Jombang Subdistrict is to expand drainage, add the number of absorption wells, provide education to the community about environmentally friendly behavior, and green the environment. Keywords: Cilegon, Causal Loop Diagram, Dynamic System, Flooding

Model Komunikasi dalam Penanggulangan Bencana Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan oleh Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Kabupaten Bintan

The purpose of this research is to find out the communication model and inhibiting factors in forest and land fire disaster management by the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Bintan Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of research using the Wilbur Schramm Communication Model theory, it shows that (1) In the source indicator, the messenger has communicated such as Schools, Communities, Villages, RT / RW, Bhabinkamtibmas and Babinsa. However, in its implementation, the source of the messenger still does not understand the mechanism for reporting forest and land fire disaster events. (2) In the message indicator, it is characterized by reports of forest and land fire disasters delivered through Whatsapp, Instagram and Mass Media. However, the messages conveyed are not always complete, accurate and precise. (3) In the target indicator, there are still obstacles in communication and lack of trust in receiving reports of forest and land fire disasters. The conclusion in this research is that the two-way communication model used is already running. However, the two-way communication carried out still has obstacles because there is no Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for communication of forest and land fire disaster management in accordance with the Bintan Regency area.

Increasing Women's Resilience to Disasters: An Analysis of Gender Mainstreaming in Natural Disaster Management in Bantul, Indonesia

This article looks at how to enhance women's resilience to natural disasters in Bantul, as women are frequently classified as vulnerable groups. It employs qualitative methodologies, utilizing a case study methodology. Data were generally collected through interviews with disaster management authorities and planning sources. Other data were gathered secondarily through library examination, which includes papers, mass media, and other related documents. The findings indicate that the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Bantul has taken positive strides in incorporating gender factors into disaster management strategy. This includes measures to promote women's participation in planning processes, identify special hazards for women, and strengthen women's disaster preparedness. With this discovery, BPBD of Bantul district supports women in the face of disasters by strengthening their capacity through disaster management training and education, as well as disaster planning, in the hope that women's groups can increase women's roles in protecting themselves. This study adds to our understanding of gender marginalization in disaster management and can be used by the government to build more effective policies and programs that involve women in long-term disaster response efforts and promote gender equality.

Weaving the Nodes: Actor Relations in Forest Fire Handling

This study aims to identify and describe the actor-network on forest fire handling in South Sumatra in its all three stages. This study collects data through interviews and documents. R Studio is used to analyze and visualize the connection between actors. The results of this study show a formal division of activities among actors in forest fire handling based on Governor decree involving state and non-state actors. However, non-state actors were not involved in every operational activity, especially in the pre-disaster stage. Furthermore, the Head of the Forest and Land Fire Control Section plays an essential role in the pre-disaster stage, the Regional Disaster Management Agency in the emergency stage, while there is no actor interactions in the post-disaster stage. Such situation requires a better actor-network by weaving the nodes to ensure effective coordination considering the role, interaction, and intervention of the actors as well as the nature of inclusiveness through the involvement of all actors, especially that of non-state actors. The limitation of this study is dealing with its focus just on one perspective that is based on the legal framework. Future research is expected to broaden the perspective with empirical and factual research.
 Keywords: forest fire handling, network, social network analysis, south Sumatra

The local disaster knowledge of local residents towards semeru eruption period 2021 in KRB III Semeru Volcano

Local disaster knowledge plays an essential role in efforts to reduce disaster risk. Meaningful lessons about post-disaster coping mechanisms cover a lot of traditional experience and knowledge regarding warning signs and evacuation sites. However, the changing nature of the eruption and the enormous impact in 2021 resulted in a heavy loss of life due to a lack of local knowledge and disaster awareness. This study aims to analyze local disaster knowledge on disaster risk reduction in Disaster Prone Area III (KRB III) of Semeru Volcano. This study uses a quantitative and qualitative approach with data collection techniques through surveys, observations, and in-depth interviews. The survey was conducted among 30 residents affected by the eruption of Mount Semeru. Respondents completed a questionnaire about their knowledge and actions taken when Mount Semeru erupted. Furthermore, in-depth interviews were conducted with several key figures in the field, including 1) Oro-Oro Ombo village officials; 2) the Volcano Observation Post at Mount Sawur; 3) the Head of BPBD Field Post, Curah Kobokan; and 4) the Regional Disaster Management Agency in Lumajang Regency. The aspects assessed are aspects of triggers, impacts, and forms of disaster mitigation carried out. The research results show that the public’s limited knowledge regarding the unpredictable characteristics of Mount Semeru’s eruption and which locations are safe to pass through is the cause of the large number of fatalities. The level of local disaster knowledge is directly proportional to the distribution of education and transportation facilities in Candipuro and Pronojiwo sub-districts. Belief in God causes good mental resilience so that people do not continue to be pushed down by circumstances.

The assessment of flood hazard in Pondok Keumuning village of Langsa City, Aceh due to heavy rain in 2020

Langsa faces the recurring threat of floods every year, primarily caused by high rainfall resulting in surface runoff in the Langsa Watershed. However, there is uncertainty regarding the specific causes of flooding in the city. This research discusses the flood hazards generated by Langsa River due to high rainfall in Keumuning Village, Langsa City, in 2020. The data utilized in this study includes daily rainfall data obtained from PTPN I Langsa, specifically from the Kebun Lama (KLM), Kebun Baru (KBR), and Tualang Sawit (TWS) stations. Additionally, observed water level data is collected from the Keumuning water gauge station operated by the Aceh Irrigation Agency. Since there is no river discharge record at the Keumuning water gauge station, the Nreca method is used to analyze the direct runoff from the Langsa Watershed due to rainfall, linking it to the water level at Keumuning. Historical flood event data is compiled from the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Langsa City, online media sources, and interviews with flood-affected communities. The research findings indicate that floods in Keumuning Village, Langsa, are triggered by high rainfall, leading to increased river discharge as a result of heavy rainfall at the TWS station (located upstream in the Langsa Watershed) with a 2-year return period. This can result in flooding for the villages around the Langsa River. Similarly, suppose rainfall reaches a 2-year return period at the KLM and KBR stations situated within the middle and downstream of the Langsa Watershed. In that case, it poses a flood threat to the upstream villages along the estuary branches. However, further studies are necessary to assess compound floods triggered by tidal water levels, rainfall, and river discharge in the vicinity of these estuary branches.

Community adaptive capacity in facing landslide disaster

Tawangmangu District is located on the slopes of Mount Lawu, with most of its area being at an altitude of +- 1200m above sea level. Tawangmangu District has an uneven slope, and the eastern region has a +- 40% slope. This resulted in the area in Tawangmangu District frequently experiencing landslides. Data from the Karanganyar Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) for 2022 shows more than 11 landslides. The resulting impacts are different but certainly result in morphological changes in the Tawangmangu District according to the type of landslide that occurred. Living in areas with a high risk of landslides is challenging for the community, so people must adapt to a vulnerable environment. This study aims to analyze the adaptive capacity of the community against landslides. The study area covers ten villages in the Tawangmangu District. The study area covers seven villages. The evaluation uses a quantitative descriptive method based on human, social, natural, physical, and financial factors. The results obtained show that there are variations in the adaptive capacity of the community, which depend on the intensity of exposure.

The effectivity of community-based early warning system on reducing Semeru eruption impact post-eruption 2021

Disaster communication plays an essential role in the disaster risk management phase. In general, this disaster communication can be divided into three, namely: pre-disaster, during the disaster, and post-disaster. Disaster communication in Indonesia has been extensively implemented in various disaster events. Semeru volcano is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia whose eruption period cannot be predicted with certainty. Hot clouds falling from the Semeru volcano in 2021, which resulted in casualties, loss, and property damage, proves that disaster communication in the Semeru Disaster Prone Area needs to run more effectively. The Early Warning System currently in effect in the Semeru Volcano disaster-prone area comes from several parties, including 1) Semeru Volcano Observation Post, 2) Field Officers of the Lumajang Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency, and the Community in Simbar Semeru in collaboration with Magma ESDM. This study analyzes disaster information and communication effectiveness in the Semeru Volcano Hazardous Area after the 2021 Eruption. Primary data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews and observations. In-depth interviews with each stakeholder responsible for providing information to the public. The study results show that the pre-eruption of Mount Semeru disaster communication in 2021 has yet to be maximized. This is evidenced by the fact that residents still need awareness and preparedness to face the dangers of Semeru Volcano eruptions. Meanwhile, after the Semeru eruption of 2021, the population has been alerting to any increase in Semeru Volcano activity.

DROUGHT DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY: A PROPOSAL FOR A REGIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT MASTER PLAN IN EAST LOMBOK REGENCY, INDONESIA

Objective: This research aims to analyze the existing drought mitigation policies implemented in East Lombok Regency and evaluate their sustainability and effectiveness. Drought poses a significant threat to East Lombok Regency, Indonesia, potentially impeding sustainable development in the region. Theoretical framework: The study employs the Disaster Risk Reduction Approach as outlined in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. It involves mapping Drought Disasters as a problem, assessing the Impact of Drought Disasters (Risk), examining the role of Institutions, exploring methods for handling disasters through Drought Emergency Response solutions, addressing Education on drought disasters, and identifying Challenges and Recommendations for the future. Methodology: The research employs a qualitative approach involving the analysis of policy documents, interviews with stakeholders, and field surveys to gather data related to the implemented mitigation efforts. Results: The findings indicate the significance of having a Regional Disaster Management Master Plan to guide mitigation, preparedness, emergency response, and post-disaster recovery. However, it has not been developed in the study area. Current efforts for drought mitigation, preparedness, and emergency response mainly involve routine activities, such as distributing clean water to affected locations, suggesting the need for a more innovative approach. Conclusion: This study concludes that the absence of a Regional Disaster Management Master Plan hinders reactive and coordinated mitigation efforts. The sustainability of these programs is a significant concern and is crucial for establishing a robust strategic foundation for disaster management. Recommendation: The study emphasizes the urgent need to design a comprehensive Regional Mitigation Master Plan. This initiative aims to enhance coordination between institutions, strengthen community capacity, and ensure the sustainability of mitigation efforts. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities in managing potential drought disasters in East Lombok Regency, providing a basis for more effective and sustainable policymaking. Research Implications: The research outlines the implications of formulating policy issues for designing a Regional Disaster Management Master Plan and establishing clearer regulations and Standard Operating Procedures in the future. These findings are crucial for guiding consistent and effective policies, ensuring a more diverse and resilient response to the challenges of recurring drought disasters in East Lombok Regency. Originality/Value: This research delves into the paradigm shift within the field of drought disaster management, which still relies on conservative methods. The study paves the way for new regulatory guidelines by incorporating several crucial points in the draft Regional Disaster Management Master Plan, including Drought Disaster Mitigation Policy, Drought Emergency Response, and Drought Disaster Education. This research contributes new insights to the field, providing a deeper understanding of drought disaster management. A notable challenge is the absence of formulated comprehensive Regional Disaster Management Master Plans by implementers, with the current reliance on temporary regulations established by the Regional Disaster Management Agency.

Direct public engagement of the disaster management agency in Meranti Islands Regency in responding to peatland disasters

Disaster studies are interesting studies that will always require dynamic changes, but local governments must be able to provide good policies. With system replication, disasters are downstream but must be accompanied by upstream problems which become the basis for being resolved early. With the policy of separating government affairs in responding to public problems, between the central government and regional governments, the public administration system will be better. The locus of analysis in this article is the Meranti Islands Regency in Riau Province, where almost more than 70% of its territory is peat area. From 1998 until its peak in 2015, the supporting factors were the climate which caused long droughts, and also the habitual pattern of burning land which caused forest and land fires in peat areas that were difficult to extinguish, resulting in a haze disaster that spread to neighboring countries, namely Malaysia and Singapore. Based on this experience, the regional government replicated the application-based satellite system public service innovation to detect disaster points, with the hope of being more responsive so that it can respond earlier to disasters in Meranti Islands Regency. The Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Meranti Islands Regency realizes that geographically it is difficult to reach disaster points in this region because this district consists of several islands and access to reach these areas takes quite a long time.

Disaster Mitigation Communication Patterns: Case Studies in Natural Disaster Vulnerable Communities in Kulon Progo Regency

attention and vigilance. That's why disaster mitigation needs to be disseminated to all levels of society. One area that has a high level of vulnerability is Kulon Progo is a case study with a descriptive type in this research. Recorded in 2019 having 53 landslide-prone areas in 5 sub-districts. To anticipate victims, the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Kulon Progo Regency formed 3 Disaster Response Villages as bottom-up disaster mitigation pilots, one of which is Kalirejo Village. This effort is interesting in examining how communication patterns are carried out in natural disaster-prone areas (Kalirejo Village) in mitigating natural disasters. This study is qualitative and involves several elements including Kelurahan government officials, self-help groups, disaster risk reduction forums, volunteers, and residents who represent stakeholders related to mitigation. A qualitative approach is used to deepen understanding through observation, interviews, and focus group discussions. Data analysis uses an interactive model recommended by Miles and Huberman. The main findings of the study show that the most frequent natural disasters are landslides and floods. This is caused by the topography which causes unstable soil conditions so that it easily causes landslides when rainfall is high. The dominant communication pattern in terms of natural disaster management/mitigation is bottom-up, from the community to the Village, Kapanewon, and Regency Governments as well as BPBD. However, ritual communication patterns, both based on local traditions and wisdom as well as those with nuances of religious teachings, are still sustainable and ongoing.

Analysis Of Compensation And Motivation For Job Satisfaction Of Disaster Management Agency Employees Regional (BPBD) North Sumatra Province

This study aims to determine and analyze the positive and significant effect of compensation and motivation on job satisfaction of employees of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of North Sumatra Province both partially and simultaneously. This study used quantitative methods with data analysis techniques used, namely multiple linear regression. The sample in this study was 53 respondents by determining the sample using saturated sampling techniques. The results showed that the compensation variable (X1) partially had a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction (Y) of employees of the Regional Disaster Management Agency of North Sumatra Province. (2) The motivation variable (X2) partially has a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction (Y) of employees of the Regional Disaster Management Agency of North Sumatra Province. (3) The variables compensation (X1) and motivation (X2) simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction (Y) of employees of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) office of North Sumatra Province.

PKM Sosialisasi Tanggap Bencana dan Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan dalam Upaya Menjaga Wisata Alam di Desa Gosari

Gosari Amusing Park (Wagos) is a natural tourism destination located in Gosari Village, Gresik Regency, Indonesia. This community-based research explores an approach that focuses on two crucial aspects: disaster preparedness and sustainable management in the context of village tourism. The primary objectives are to enhance awareness of natural disaster potentials in Wagos while preserving its existence and sustainability as a local entrepreneurship venture.Participatory action research is adopted in three stages in this mentoring program: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The engagement team, comprising academics, students, and the East Java Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), collaborates with local youth. They work alongside the head of Gosari Village to identify risk mitigation measures, including the installation of evacuation route signs.During the implementation stage, the activities include disaster awareness campaigns, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to identify vulnerable points, and the introduction of INARISK software along with evacuation simulations for the youth managing Wagos and the Toppi community.The evaluation stage emphasizes the importance of re-socialization by the youth to the local community, the installation of permanent evacuation signs, and impromptu simulations at tourist locations. The results show that the success of disaster risk mitigation heavily depends on community awareness and local entrepreneurship. Wagos, as a tourist village, has proven its existence through the creation of social values and effective promotional efforts. In conclusion, disaster awareness and sustainable management are crucial to maintaining tourist villages in the face of natural disasters and increasing business competition. This community-based research also asserts that an interdisciplinary approach and understanding the local disaster cycle are key to addressing these challenges.

FLOOD DISASTER PREPAREDNESS STUDY IN BANJAR CITY, WEST JAVA

Flooding is a very common natural disaster in Indonesia. It is necessary to have a disaster risk management programme. This study aims to determine the disaster preparedness of the community for flood in the city of Banjar, West Java. Data were collected from the city government, regional disaster management agency, non-governmental organisations, BPS, earth shape maps from InaGeoportal, vulnerability map data, vulnerability maps and risk maps from the National Disaster Management Agency, and literature in the form of journals and books. The data collection techniques used by the researchers included questionnaires and documentation. The method of data analysis used was descriptive percentage and scoring analysis to analyse the frequency distribution of the level of preparedness of the community in the face of flood disasters.The data was obtained by providing questionnaires to the community which were filled in by the respondents and then calculating the total frequency of correct answers from each respondent. It can be seen that Banjar city has a high level of flood hazard, vulnerability and capacity, which means that it is important to take preparedness measures to reduce the adverse effects and anticipate the increase of recurrent floods.

Improving the Effectiveness of Disaster Mitigation in Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia Using House of Risk Method

Wonogiri Regency, the Republic of Indonesia, is an area that has potential to be affected by various types of disasters. This study aims to identify the types of disaster potentials in the Wonogiri Regency and to provide recommendations for effective disaster mitigation strategies that can be effectively implemented by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah or BPBD in short) of the Wonogiri Regency during 2021-2026 time period by using the House of Risk (HoR) method. The study found that floods, landslides, strong winds, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, forest and land fires, droughts, and extraordinary events are likely to take place in the regency. The implementation of the HoR phase 1 yields 19 disaster risk events and 19 disaster risk agents. The use of Pareto diagram to the disaster risk agents results in 8 dominant risk agents of disaster, namely “Unstable ground”; “The trees are too old and fragile”; “The trees are too dense”; Lack of water resources”; Heavy rain intensity”; “Struck by disaster materials”; “Epidemic of a disease”; and “The building construction is not strong”. The implementation of the HoR phase 2 produces 15 mitigation strategies along with their priority order in which the 5 mitigation strategies with the highest priority are “Working with related parties to reduce the potential of disasters”; “Conducting socialization and education of disasters”; “Establishing disaster-resilient villages”; “Mapping disaster-prone areas”; and “Training for disaster volunteers”.

Synergy of Indonesian National Armed Forces, Indonesian national Police, Government and Society in Flood Mitigation in the Kodim 0301 Area, Fast Labuh Baru, Pekanbaru

The collaborative efforts involving the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), Indonesian National Police (POLRI), government, and the local community in managing floods in Pekanbaru, Indonesia have been ongoing for an extensive period. These efforts require sustained attention, particularly during the prevailing rainy conditions. The military campaign approach comprises a series of joint operations executed to achieve strategic and operational objectives within specific spatial and temporal constraints. This military campaign involves Military Operations for War (MOW) and Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW). The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the synergy among the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), Indonesian National Police (POLRI), the government, and the local community in addressing floods in Pekanbaru through a military campaign strategy. This strategy involved TNI units with distinct branches and functions. The approach undertaken by the TNI (specifically those from KODIM 031 Pekanbaru) in flood disaster relief operations included collaboration with the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Pekanbaru to mobilize all available TNI and POLRI forces within the vicinity of Pekanbaru. This collaborative effort involved various stakeholders, such as TNI, POLRI, the government, NGOs, youth organizations (Karang Taruna), and other relevant entities. These activities took place in the East Labuh Baru, Payung Sekaki District, particularly along Arjuna Street. This effort is expected to establish an effective synergy among these groups, foster closer ties with the community, and manage floods by addressing issues related to drainage systems, canals, and overgrown vegetation.

The Urgency of the Bantul Regional Disaster Management Agency in Increasing Disaster Awareness among Women’s Community

Women are included in the list of vulnerable victims of disaster due to their lack of skills and lower physical strength than men. The role of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) as a communicator or messenger is required in the efforts to increase disaster awareness and information among women's community. This urgency is supported by the condition of the area which has a high risk of disaster as well as the fact that the total female population outnumbers the males. This research aims to find out how the BPBD of Bantul Regency uses social media to promote disaster awareness and information to the women's community. In the digital era, social media is considered capable of channeling messages more widely to reach underserved communities. This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach. The research results show that the BPBD of Bantul Regency have made some efforts to increase disaster awareness and information among women's community by involving direct participation. In carrying out the role, the communicator has a structured information delivery and processing chain by involving Pusdalops (the Operational Control Center) and teams from each field. This results in messages wrapped in the form of social media content, even though the disaster narrative does not yet represent efforts to increase disaster awareness and information for women's community. The target of this social media communication is the general public, both men and women. The existence of a structured information delivery and processing chain as well as mastered materials can make the messages reach the women's community. The researchers propose an alternative model for disaster communication through social media as an effort to increase disaster awareness and information among women's community without changing existing disaster information communication patterns. The researchers propose this model to fill the gap in the role of teams in each field who should have knowledge capacity related to the disaster awareness and information among women's community

Optimization of Disaster Management by the Rapid Response Team at The Gorontalo Province Regional Disaster Management Agency

Optimization of Disaster Management by the Rapid Response Team at The Gorontalo Province Regional Disaster Management Agency