Regional Crime Rates Research Articles

Regional criminal offense rates, labor mobility, and firms’ financial generosity

Considering macroeconomic data, this paper focuses on Chinese A-share listed firms from 2011 to 2020 and analyzes the relationship between regional criminal offense rates and corporate financial generosity. Specifically, this paper reveals that regional criminal offense rates improve corporate financial generosity by leading to labor outflows. Nevertheless, heterogeneity exists in the impact of the policy above. The executive team's legal and financial backgrounds and stock ownership can mitigate the impacts of regional crime rates on corporate financial generosity. However, executive remuneration incentives can worsen the issue.

Identifying Regional Factors Associated with Crime in South Korea: Synthesis of Social Disorganization and Routine Activities Theories

As criminological theories play a significant role in providing insights to explain the crime phenomenon, some theories such as social disorganization and routine activity theories have been tested with various scopes and locations. In this study, factors related to the theories were tested to confirm any significant effect on crime rates at a regional level. By using hierarchical regression analysis, the study attempts to examine the relations among the socio-economic and environmental factors across the regions. The results indicate that the community heterogeneity (i.e., foreign population and single-person household) was a significant factor in regional crime rates, but the environmental factors had possible mediating effects, lowering the significance level. Moreover, the number of commercial places per area affected crime rates representing a higher criminal opportunity level with business areas.

Fear of crime and Roma integration

We analyze the majority’s perceptions of Roma as a socio-cultural and crime threat and their evaluations of two key integration measures namely schooling and financial allowances. Following a fear of crime model we test for the effect of community context, disorder/safety, and victimization as the critical parameters of these perceptions and evaluations. Empirical estimations involve a cross-section dataset for Greece and multilevel model techniques. Results verify community context, disorder and victimization as important fear and integration predictors that interact with the socio-economic status of individuals and regional crime rates.

Long Short Term Memory for Predicting Regional Crime Rates

Long Short Term Memory for Predicting Regional Crime Rates

Long Short Term Memory for Predicting Regional Crime Rates

Long Short Term Memory for Predicting Regional Crime Rates

Are regional crime rates in India natural?

Crime has been around for as long as the human society. The present study examines whether there is a natural rate of crime in India at both national and state-level using annual data for aggregate and specific crime types. The presence of unit root in crime rate series has been investigated by accommodating endogenously determined structural break point. The empirical analysis indicates that most of the regional crime rates series are stationary which implies the existence of natural rate of crime in India. Based on our findings it is suggested that India should focus on improving the socioeconomic status of the general masses instead of devoting more resources to short-term measures of reducing crime rates. In addition, the state-level social profiles should be taken into consideration for articulating crime-fighting policies.

The impact of sports participation on crime in England between 2012 and 2015

This paper estimates the relationship between sports participation and two broad categories of crime – property crimes and violent crimes- in 323 local authorities in England between 2012 and 2015. The objective is to assess whether participation in sporting activities influences regional crime rates. Furthermore, the impact of socioeconomic conditions on crime rates are estimated. The findings suggest sport participation is associated with reduction in both property and violent crime rates across English local authorities between 2012 and 2015. However, sports participation has a stronger effect on violent crimes compared with property crimes. The results show a 10% increase in sports participation is associated with a fall in violent crimes of 0.97 and 1.56% while a 10% increase in sports participation is associated with a fall in property crimes of approximately 0.65%.

Regional crime rates and corporate misreporting

ABSTRACTPrior studies document that social capital influences managers’ propensity to seek private rents. We extend this line of literature by linking regional crime rates, an indicator of extreme breakdown of social capital, to corporate reporting behaviours such as earnings management and tax avoidance. Utilising borough-level crime rates in London, we show that firms headquartered in boroughs with higher crime rates are more likely to engage in earnings management. We also find that firms in such boroughs exhibit lower levels of effective tax rates, evidencing aggressive tax avoidance. Our findings suggest that social capital plays a significant role in shaping corporate reporting.

The spatial distribution of crime and population density in Saudi Arabia

This study examined the relationship between crime and place across the 13 provinces of Saudi Arabia using geographic information systems techniques based on population density, identifying and visualising the spatial distributions of national and regional crime rates for drug crimes, theft, murder, assault, alcohol and ‘outrageous crimes’ (offences against Islam) over a 10-year period from 2003 to 2012. Social disorganisation theory was employed to guide the study and explain the diversity in patterns in crime across the country. The highest rates of overall crimes were identified in the Northern Border and Jizan areas, located in the north and south of the country, respectively, while the East Area has the lowest crime rate. Most drug offences occurred in Northern Borders and Jizan, high rates of theft were recorded in Northern Borders, Jouf and Makkah, while the highest rates of homicide occurred in Asir.

There will be blood: Crime rates in shale-rich U.S. counties

Over the past decade the production of tight oil and shale gas significantly increased in the United States. This paper examines how this energy boom has affected regional crime rates throughout the country. We find positive effects on rates of various property and violent crimes in shale-rich counties. In 2013, the cost of the additional crimes in the average treatment county was roughly $2 million. These results are not easily explained by shifts in observed demographics like gender and age. There is however evidence that people with criminal records (registered sex offenders) moved disproportionally to shale-boom towns in North Dakota. We also document a rise in income inequality (a postulated determinant of criminal activity) that coincides with the timing of the energy boom. Policy makers in boom towns should anticipate these crime effects and invest in public infrastructure accordingly.

Putting a Price Tag on Security: Subjective Well-Being and Willingness-to-Pay for Crime Reduction in Europe

Using information on life satisfaction and crime from the European Social Survey, we apply the life satisfaction approach (LSA) to determine the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB), income, victimization experience, fear of crime and various regional crime rates across European regions. We show that fear of crime and criminal victimization significantly reduce life satisfaction across Europe. Building upon these results, we quantify the monetary value of improvements in public safety and its valuation in terms of individual well-being. The loss in satisfaction for victimized individuals corresponds to 24,174€. Increasing an average individual’s perception within his neighborhood from unsafe to safe yields a benefit equivalent to 14,923€. Our results regarding crime and SWB in Europe largely resemble previous results for different countries and other criminal contexts, whereby using the LSA as a valuation method for public good provision yields similar results as stated preference methods and considerably higher estimates than revealed preference methods.

Regional Crime Rates and Reporting Quality: Evidence from Private Firms in London

Prior literature suggests that social norms influence corporate managers’ propensity to seek private rents, thereby being associated with financial reporting quality. Analyzing private firms headquartered in London, we examine whether borough-level crime rates are associated with financial reporting quality of the residing firms. Our findings indicate that firms in a borough with higher crime rates are more likely to get involved in accruals management and real activities management. We also find that firms in such boroughs tend to exhibit higher levels of tax avoidance. Our results imply that crime rates, an extreme form of social capital breakdown, affect managerial incentives to provide credible accounting information.

The urban–rural divide, regional disaggregation and the convergence of crime

Potential regional variation in crime rates has been recognized as an issue of clear importance given its implications for the development and evaluation of theories of criminal activity, determining the appropriate level of disaggregation at which to undertake empirical analyses of crime and whether crime fighting policies should be constructed at a national or local level. Consequently, a literature has evolved examining the similarities in US regional crime rates and whether a national trend exists or is emerging. The present article extends the recent research into the emergence of a national trend by considering convergence in alternative classifications of crime using a data set subject to a higher degree of disaggregation than considered hitherto. The results obtained overturn previous findings obtained using more highly aggregated data, indicating the detection of convergence to be dependent upon the level of disaggregation considered. In addition, the extent of convergence detected is shown to vary across classifications of criminal activity and reflect anecdotally noted changes in the evolution of crime at a national level. The implications of the observed regional variation in crime for the urban–rural divide and theoretical, empirical and policy analyses are noted.

Breaks and Convergence in U.S. Regional Crime Rates: Analysis of Their Presence and Implications

The literature examining the relative properties of U.S. regional crime rates is extended. Using a novel method, convergence in alternative classifications of crime is detected over the period 1965 to 2009. Subsequent statistical analysis identifies distinct epochs in the evolution of crime which match those noted anecdotally in the literature. The findings concerning convergence within these epochs prove interesting, with results found to vary both between the alternative crime classifications and through time. In particular, evidence of divergence is noted which contrasts starkly with other results for earlier and later periods. Potential explanations for the observed results, their importance for policy and their implications for theory and future research are discussed.

Mortality among hemodialysis patients in Europe, Japan, and the United States: Case-mix effects

Mortality among hemodialysis patients in Europe, Japan, and the United States: Case-mix effects

The Effect of Prison Releases on Regional Crime Rates

The Effect of Prison Releases on Regional Crime Rates

Common trends and common cycles in regional crime

This paper uses the Vahid and Engle (Journal of Applied Econometrics, 8, 341-360, 1993) common trend - common cycle approach to model the dynamics of regional crime rates in England over the period 1975–1996. The evidence indicates the existence of common trends and common cycles in regional crime rates. This result is exploited to examine the system-wide effects of shocks emanating in a particular region.