Regional Bureau Research Articles

WORK OPTIMIZATION OF INTER-DISTRICT OFFICES IN STRUCTURE OF CHERNIGIV REGIONAL BUREAU OF FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION

In this article we adduce the results at structure reforming of the interdistrict offices “Chernigiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination”, which was due to the lack of specialists, lack of funding, imperfect material and technical basis and are aimed at improving the quality of forensic medical service of Chernigiv region. The indicated reformation does not conflict the project ‘of perspective plan of forming territorial communities of the Chernigiv area and “Methodology of forming solvent territorial communities” which was ratified on the session of the Chernigiv regional council at 19.06.2015. The main result of these reforms has become the increased efficiency of all divisions “Chernigiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination“.

Challenges, Opportunities and Implementations of Building Effective Education Critical Mass Organization for Cooperative Learning: The Case of DMCTE

The main purpose of this study was to assess and analyze challenges, opportunities and implementing of effective education critical mass organization for cooperative learning at Debremarkos College of teacher education. To achieve this objective a descriptive survey method was employed. The data for the study were collected by quantitative and qualitative methods. Open ended and closed ended questionnaires were distributed and collected back (199 students and 30 college teachers). FGD were also employed with five academic commission members. The data collected with the above listed data collection instruments were analyzed by using both qualitative and quantitative method of data analysis. Due to the nature of data collected from the participants, frequency, percentage, mean, one way ANOVA, one sample T-test and post hock were used for analyzing the collected data.FGD and open ended questionnaire data were analyzed qualitatively like narration interpretation and direct citation. After analyzing the collected data, the main challenges for organizing and implementing effective education critical mass were negative attitude of teachers and students towards the program, students belief of the task is belongs to only teachers, no guide line for the implementation, class size and lack of time were the main challenges. Some opportunities like having experienced advisor, the college write a formal letter for the assigned advisor and having enough space at the college were best opportunities. The level of implementation at the college was at grass root level but there were significant difference between departments, student understanding and students’ attitude towards the program. Finally, based on the conclusion driven from collected and analyzed data recommendations were forwarded to different stakeholders who are directly or indirectly participate in the program like students, teachers, regional education bureau, college administrative bodies and academic commission were taken lion share recommendations.

Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: A Business Process Management Perspective

The Tohoku Regional Bureau (TRB) of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) performed various actions in response to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. The total disaster recovery and reconstruction period is expected to last for 10 years, of which the first five years are regarded as the concentrated reconstruction period. As of 2013, a majority of the mega projects that involved restoration actions have been completed, which indicates a more effective rate of completion compared with the MLIT projects performed in normal non-disaster situations. This short article explains the management process of the recovery and reconstruction utilized by the TRB—an inter-organizational process—from a business process management (BPM) perspective and creates a simple organization construction diagram of the entire process. The study focused on the transactions and actor roles to identify their strengths. The findings indicate the utilization of different operational procedures in some parts of the process, the importance of liaison role, as well as some obstacles. The lessons learned from this analysis can assist managers and researchers in designing and managing restoration processes for future disasters.

Comparative Efficiency Evaluation of Different Clay Pots Versus Bucket Irrigation System Under Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla) Growers Condition in Northern Ethiopia

Rain-fed agriculture shares the largest crop production system in Tigray region. However, due to erratic nature of rainfall, crop production is always at a risk. For this reason crop production in the arid and semi arid regions of northern Ethiopia usually requires supplemental irrigation. In an effort to assist agricultural production under smallholder farmers, the Regional Bureau of Agriculture and Natural Resources has been looking for efficient and less costly irrigation methods. Although drip irrigation technology has been well known for its higher efficiency, its adoption was too slow due to its high initial cost and inadequate technical knowhow. At the moment, in some areas of Tigray farmers have started practicing locally made low cost clay pot irrigation technology. However, the water use efficiency and its economic viability under smallholder farmers were not adequately understood. The objectives of this study were thus to examine the economical viability and estimate the water use efficiency of clay pot irrigation technology and to evaluate the performance of different clay pot design for irrigating Swiss chard (the most common leafy vegetable crop in this region). In this research traditional pot maker was instructed to manufacture four different clay pot designs (imperforated bar type, imperforated round shape type, perforated bar type and perforated round types) which were used for assessing performance of clay pot for irrigating swiss chard. Performance tests were carried out based on economic and biomass water use efficiencies and cost benefit ratios under two groups of farmers (with and without land). The result showed that the imperforated bar shaped clay pots were found to be suited to grow Swiss chard. The water seeps out through the micro pores of the clay pots with relatively slow leaks and long surface wetting time and large area converge around the roots of plants. Contrarly, perforated clay pots leak the water fast through the macro and micro pores and have relatively short wetting time and small area coverage. On the other hand, the difference between imperforated bar and round types were simply the shapes of the pots which is to do with the area coverage along with the rows of the Swiss chard plant. Round types were not as suitable as bar type of the same capacity for row Swiss chard crops due to their small wetting area coverage compared to a similar volume with imperforated bar shaped clay pots type. The economic and biomass water use efficiency for the imperforated bar clay pot design was higher than that of the bucket irrigation system as well as other tested clay pots. The other advantages with imperforated bar clay pots over the bucket type is that the water source is inside the soil thus evaporation is almost nil and there is also less probability of occurrence of leaf disease due to watering and ultimately improving the biomass and economical water use efficiency. However, the technology was not as profitable as the bucket irrigation technique when considering the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) due to costs incurred for purchase of clay pots.

Identification of an unknown person using Y-chromosome markers and mitochondrial dna typing

Background: The present article is concerned within the scope of Forensic Medicine, specifically Forensic Genetics. The case was taken care of in the Genetic-Molecular Laboratory of the Odessa Regional Bureau of Forensic-Medical Examinations, in Ukraine, during January and February of 2014.Objectives: The aim of our work was to identify an unknown person, using the techniques: Y-chromosome markers and mitochondrial DNA typing.Materials and methods: The materials available for our procedure were: pieces of tissue in paraffin blocks, saved from the corpse of the unknown person; blood from a living male subject, who claimed to be the grandfather, and from two females, allegedly the sisters. From all of them we extracted nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) respectively, that was analyzed to compare and draw the proper conclusions.Results: The analyzed genetic materials confirmed the kinship.Conclusion: Using Y-chromosome markers we were able to establish the correspondence of the subject to his paternal line, and by mitochondrial DNA typing we could establish his relation to the proper maternal line.

Contemporary Issues of Russian Population’s Health Economics

Theory and practice of public health promotion in today’s Russia are considered in the article which is based on substitution of healthcare service economics for public health economics. Herewith various approaches to health economics are analyzed: human capital theory, human development theory, public health care concept and models of public health. Special attention is paid to determining risk factors of public health in the Russian Federation and policy of a healthy lifestyle. In particular, it is defined in a new Government program of the Russian Federation “Public health services development” for 2013-2020. Students’ physical education and development and expansion of the Russian Federation cities’ participation in the “Healthy cities” project carried out by the European regional bureau of the World Health Organization (WHO) are matters of great importance. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1s3p391

Diagnosing acute ischemic myocardial injury as an actual problem of forensic medicine

The article highlights the current state of diagnosing the acute ischemic myocardial injury. The possibilities of application of various additional methods of research and their effectiveness have been considered. Taking into consideration the shortcomings of most of the known methods of diagnosing and the state of ensuring the regional bureaus of forensic medical examination, the necessity of the development of new research methods for pathologically changed tissues, has been justified.

Health-defining technology as an interaction of adolescents, family, school and the environment.

The main recommendations on health promotion and formation of healthy lifestyles, hygiene education of children and adolescents, formulated in the concept of the European Regional Bureau of World Health Organization are considersed. Low efficiency of clinical and preventive strategies in medicine, which is almost exhausted its resources requires the development of new health-preserving strategies. We have proposed health-defining technology at school, which includes an assessment of health status of adolescents by its components and determines compensatory-adaptive potential, total risk stratification, therapeutic and preventive measures, immediate and long-term evaluation of effectiveness, prediction of further health status of adolescents. The system of treatment and preventive measures should be based on close interaction of school family-environment and have four components: physical, psychological, social and psycho-social. Implementation of health-defining technologies in general education establishments allowed to improve effectiveness of treatment and prophylaxis by 22.4% (20.3% - without optimizing actual nutrition, 24.5% − with optimization of actual nutrition at the expense of Vitrum junior and natural honey).

Access to brain death diagnostics

In Germany the diagnosis of brain death must strictly adhere to the expert guidelines of the German chamber of physicians. For patients with primary supratentorial or hypoxic brain injury aged 2 years or more, repeat clinical examinations or one complete examination combined with an ancillary test are equally accurate. This study aimed to identify factors with potential impact on whether and by which means a formal brain death examination is pursued. A retrospective analysis was carried out of recorded data of all patients who died in the acute phase after severe brain injury during mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit and who were registered at the north east regional bureau of the German organ procurement organization (Deutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation) between 2001 and 2010. Of 5988 reported patients, a protocol-specified brain death examination was initiated in 3023, leading to a diagnosis of brain death in 2592. All other patients died due to permanent cardiac arrest. Patients were less likely to undergo brain death examinations in the presence of one or more of the following characteristics: perceived medical contraindication for organ donation, patient age greater than 69 years, hypoxic brain damage, treatment in a hospital without neurological and neurosurgical departments and death on a weekend or public holiday. In 2192 patients (72.5%), neurologists or neurosurgeons participated in the diagnostic procedures and in 926 of these cases members of specialized external diagnostic expert teams were involved. Ancillary tests were rarely used by physicians based at the treating hospitals (31.1%) but on a regular basis by members of the external teams (93.4%). The risk of death due to permanent cardiac arrest before completion of the brain death examination was increased approximately 7-fold when a neurological or neurosurgical consultation with ancillary studies was not performed. Access to neurological expertise and to ancillary tests has a significant impact on the provision of guideline-specified diagnostic procedures for suspected brain death. Centralized diagnostic teams offer an effective means to support qualified brain death examinations.

Why America’s Nation Building Office Failed and What Congress Had to Do With It

Since the end of the Cold War, America has led six nation-building missions. We have done none particularly well. Throughout the 1990’s, but particularly after the invasion of Iraq in 2003, the U.S. government tried to improve the way it ran ‘stabilization and reconstruction’ operations. That effort produced most notably the Office of the Coordinator for Stabilization and Reconstruction (S/CRS) within the State Department. S/CRS was charged with developing plans, coordinating their interagency implementation, and staffing a ‘Civilian Response Corps’ to deploy to countries on short notice. S/CRS largely failed in these efforts. It struggled to establish control over the interagency planning process. It failed to staff its Response Corps. And it was largely excluded from the civilian efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan. This paper explains why S/CRS failed. Four reasons in particular stand out. The office never had strong backing from the Secretary of State. It was undercut by USAID in its congressional negotiations. It lacked a strong domestic constituency to advocate for it. And it suffered from a general bias against civilian-led foreign policy projects. Without a clear congressional mandate and enough funding, S/CRS could not control either USAID or the regional bureaus. Simply put, the office did not bring much to the table. Finally, the failure of S/CRS suggests that the Defense Department, not State, will run future stabilization and reconstruction efforts. Though the appetite for nation building in the U.S. is low, history suggests that we are not done with these projects.

Challenges of Potable Water Supply System in Rural Ethiopia: The Case of Gonji Kolela Woreda, West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia

In rural Ethiopia, although considerable efforts have been made to improve and expand access to potable water supply, many Ethiopian rural communities still suffer from lack of safe drinking water. This research work intends to assess the challenges of potable water supply in selected rural kebeles1 of Gonji Kolela woreda2 in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Survey findings of the research show that, of the total 292 sample respondents those who use hand dug well, developed spring and rope pump accounts 47.9%, 12% and 8.9% respectively. The remaining 31.2% of the respondents are still using either river or unprotected spring for their domestic consumption. Evidences from the data revealed that the challenges for adequate provision and management of improved water schemes in the study area are multifaceted including lack of adequate technical and financial support from zonal and regional water resource bureau; inadequate skilled man power; inaccessibility of underground water or intermission of the water after digging water wells; lack of adequate support from the community; inaccessibility for transportation and absence of spare parts shop and equipments in the nearby area. Thus, strengthening the institutional capacity in the planning of water supply projects at local level should be a timely measure to increase the adequacy of improved water supply and sustain the functionality of the existing improved water supply schemes of the area.

El papel de supervisión del personal docente durante el desarrollo del recreo escolar

School recess is a space that tries to reach multiple purposes, among them: rest and play time for students; but, is also a good opportunity for teachers to observe student´s behavior outside the classroom. School recess supervision by teachers and administrative staff turns out to be a fundamental task to achieve prevention or resolution of conflicts that may take place during this school period. This article outlines the development of monitoring the school playground or recess, carried out by teachers from a school at Direccion Regional de Occidente (Western Regional Bureau of Education). From a qualitative research called “Games and social interaction in recesses and its relationship with violent behaviors: the case of 6th grade students.” Its objectives, attempted to analyze the role of the teaching and administrative staff during school recesses. Facing the phenomenon of violence, the school has a social engagement to provide a peaceful solution to the conflicts that may arise. However, the findings show that teachers did not assume fully the supervision of recess, that the majority of teachers considered did not consider supervision as one of their duties, and that there are significant differences between the conceptualization of the school recess supervision by the principal’s office and the teachers.

INCIDENCE OF AND MORTALITY FROM CERVICAL CANCER IN THE TERRITORY ADJACENT TO THE FORMER SEMIPALATINSK NUCLEAR TEST SITE IN 2008-2012

Cancer cervix is the second most common cancer among women. Association between radiation and cancerogenesis is well-established. Semey (former Semipalatinsk) is a town adjacent to the Soviet Nuclear Test Site in Kazakstan. However, little is known about epidemiology of cancer in this region. The aim of our study was to study the incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in Semey, Kazakhsan in 2008-2012. Data on all cases of cervical cancer that occurred in Semey region during the study period were obtained from the Semey Regional Cancer Registry. The population size was obtained from the Regional Bureau of Statistics. The Standard World Population was used for calculation of the age standardized mortality and incidence rates. Altogether, 365 primary cases of cervical cancer were registered during the study period. Incidence increased from 10.0 per 100 000 in 2008 to 13.2 per 100 000 in 2012. Mortality increased from 4.7 per 100 000 in 2008 to 7.2 per 100 000 in 2012. Both incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in Semey, East Kazakhstan increased. Both indicators exceed the average for Eastern Kazakhstan region and the national level. This might be partly explained by either delayed effects of nuclear tests performed at Semipalatinsk test site or by other factors, however, the importance of other factors, such as HPV, smoking etc cannot be ruled out.

The architects of change: a plenary session exchange

The closing plenary of the colloquium was an occasion for exchange between the four panelists and the participants. The panelists included Luc Berghmans, a doctor and director of the regional health observatory of Hainaut, Belgium; Louise Bouchard, a sociologist and professor in the Sociology and Anthropology Department, University of Ottawa, Canada; Michel O’Neill, a sociologist and professor at the Faculty of Nursing Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; and Philippe Lorenzo, director general of IREPS, the regional bureau for health education and promotion of Picardie in Amiens, France. Louise Potvin, who moderated the plenary, provides the summary that follows. During the colloquium, three main questions were debated: 1. At what point should health be placed at the forefront of local actions, if we wish to promote the values of equity? 2. How should actions at the local, regional, national and global levels be organized and articulated? Who are the partners, and what forms of governance need to be put into place? 3. What are the parameters needed in order to define the roles, tasks and competencies of the implementers of local and regional health programs, the architects of change? Each panelist had to respond to two out of the three questions. We report on the answers that panelists gave to these questions. As it is impossible to verify the exactitude of information given by audience members in support of their viewpoints, only the content of the remarks is given, without mentioning the examples that were provided.

R&D networks and regional innovation: a social network analysis of joint research projects in Japan

Globalisation and structural and demographic change are presenting Japan's economy and many regional economies with major challenges. In earlier decades, the international transfer of technology was an important factor in Japan's rise to become one of the leading industrialised nations. Today, however, the focus is on the interregional and intraregional transfer of technology between research institutions and private firms when addressing the issue of national and regional competitiveness. Regional innovation policies, in particular those under the responsibility of the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and its regional bureaus, have for several years been making a great effort to promote the intraregional transfer of technology and business start‐ups. This paper investigates the structure, the spatial reach and the innovation performance of R&D networks that have built up as part of a regional development programme financed by METI. A social network analysis is carried out using a unique data set of joint research projects of public research institutions, private firms and government institutions. The results show that the spatial patterns of R&D networks depend on the technical field of the research projects as well as on the role of the parties involved. Academia–academia cooperations have a much greater spatial reach than cooperations with private firms. The public sector plays an important role in local innovation processes.

The structure of long tubular bones fractures of lower extremity by the data of the regional bureau of forensic-medical examination.

The main purpose of the research is carrying out forensic-medical analysis of cases from expert’s practice with fractures of the long bones based on the findings of the Regional Bureau of Forensic-Medical Examination over 2009-2012 years period. The research has been carried out using methods of statistical and comparative analysis. Their distribution by gender, age, localization, character and type of external influence, the conditions of their occurrence and participation of other persons has been outlined. Fractures of lower extremity bones make up from 15,8 to 22,5% of all the cases of mechanical trauma with lethal outcomes. Therewith male persons suffer more often from injury of the left extremity at different day time and season. The principal mechanism of their origin is injury resulting from road accidents in the countryside with the participation of other persons.

An analysis of doctors’ participation in performing forensic medical examinations of the Transcarpathian Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical examinations during a period from 2010 through 2012

This paper provides an analysis of the number of cases, involving doctors to conduct forensic examinations of the Transcarpathian Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine in 2010-2012. A distribution of the number of consultations provided by physicians during forensic examinations of living persons, as well as the structure of enlisting doctors for commission forensic medical examinations has been analyzed. A high value of the share of examinations with the doctors in performing forensic examinations in the Transcarpathian Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine over the last 3 years has been established.

Analysis of mortality owing to cardiomyopathies based on the materials of Lviv regional bureau of forensic medical examination in 2008-2012

A research of cardiomyopathies as one of the most prevalent diseases of the cardiovascular system is of considerable scientific interest to medicolegists of the Lviv region, since this pathology in the past 5 years, taking into consideration the results of our study, tends to increase and has made up over this period almost 10 % of the total non-violent death in general and 13,8 % of the pathology of the cardiovascular system, in particular.

Forensic-medical assessment of injuries from the action of blunt objects among the population of the Lviv region

This paper presents the results of an expert assessment of injuries, both inflicted by blunt objects both a with limited and with prevailing flat surface according to the data of the Lviv Regional Bureau of Forensic-Medical Examination during the period from 2010 to 2012.

El “efecto escuela” en países de América Latina: Reanalizando los datos del SERCE

El Laboratorio Latinoamericano de Evaluación de la Calidad de la Educación (LLECE) de la Oficina Regional de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe de la UNESCO, ha dado a conocer recientemente los resultados del análisis de los datos del Segundo Estudio Regional Comparativo y Explicativo (SERCE) realizado en América Latina y el Caribe, respecto de las relaciones entre los aprendizajes en matemática y lectura de sexto grado de la educación primaria, y los factores escolares y extraescolares. Para el análisis de los datos, el LLECE utilizó modelos jerárquicos lineales con dos niveles: alumno y escuela. En la construcción de los índices de nivel socioeconómico y cultural de la familia del alumno, se aplicó la técnica "modelo de crédito parcial" (Rasch). Las pruebas de Matemática y Lectura se analizaron separadamente. El estudio presenta las estimaciones de los efectos-escuela bruto, ajustado y neto, resultantes de la aplicación de esa metodología. En este artículo los datos del SERCE son reanalizados usando modelos multinivel bivariados con tres niveles (país, escuela y alumnos) y aplicando un procedimiento diferente para la construcción de índices de nivel socioeconómico y nivel cultural de la familia del alumno. Los resultados obtenidos divergen notablemente de los informados por el LLECE. Se extraen conclusiones y se discuten las implicaciones políticas.