Regional Budget Research Articles

Финансовое обеспечение проектов инициативного бюджетирования

In the Russian Federation, various practice of initiative budgeting have been implemented for a long time. Financing of such projects is carried out both at the expense of regional and local budgets, and at the expense of citizens and organizations. The article examines the features of each type of financing, their relationship with each other, problems arising in practice, and also draws attention to the economic effect of citizen participation in proactive budgeting projects and improving the financial culture of the population as a whole.

The Influence Of Regional Financial Performance On Economic Growth In Central Java Province

The phenomenon occurring in regional government administration, especially the large budgets in regional financial management, has not yet been able to drive economic growth. Central Java Province, which is one of the provinces with the largest regional budget (APBD) in Indonesia, experiences the same situation with economic growth that is not significantly better compared to other provinces in Indonesia. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the extent of the influence of regional financial performance on economic growth in Central Java Province. This study employs a mixed-method approach, with quantitative research conducted initially followed by qualitative research across 35 regencies/cities in Central Java and the province itself. The results of this study indicate that the influence of regional financial performance on economic growth in Central Java during the period 2017-2022 was 0.021285 or 2.1285%, for the period 2017-2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic it was 0.021300 or 2.13%, and for the period 2020-2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic it was 0.089764 or 8.9764%.

Beyond Cronyism: Local Governance and Welfare Provision by Large Companies in Russian Monotowns

In the 2000s, rather than choosing between abandonment and restructuring, Russian authorities opted to maintain the socio-economic status quo in monotowns, an important source of support for the Putin regime. Yet, this status quo is not a given equilibrium; it needs constant maintenance through cooperation between state and business actors, especially under the severe financial constraints of regional and local budgets. This single case study explores how and why local authorities and large companies cooperate in monotowns to provide public goods at the nexus of vertical pressures and horizontal incentives. We show that public goods are produced through resource pooling in a network-like cooperation between public and private actors.

Central-Local Government Relations in Regional Planning and Budgeting in Indonesia: Between Autonomy and Control

This article analyzes the relationship between central and local governments in regional planning and budgeting policies, while exploring the direction of central government control over regions through regional planning and budgeting policies. The issue of relations between central and regional governments in regional planning and budgeting is finding the right balance between autonomy and control. The research methods used are regulatory content analysis and interviews with policymakers. The results showed that the central government uses planning and budgeting to control the implementation of local government affairs and functions through guidance, detection, coercion, and evaluation of existing regulations. These findings fill the discussion gap regarding central government control of regional governments not only through guidance and supervision but through planning and budgeting policies. This study provides insight into the forms of central government control over regional governments, contributing to the trend of central and regional government relations. The practical benefit of this research is as input in improving regional planning and budgeting system policies for the government.

Spatiotemporal distributions of dissolved N2O concentration, diffusive N2O flux and relevant functional genes along a coastal creek in southeastern China

Increased anthropogenic input of nitrogen into coastal creeks make them potential hotspots for N2O production and emission, but they are often excluded from regional and global N2O budget, and high-resolution sampling is required to characterize the strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity within the creeks. In this study, we analyzed the N2O concentration and diffusive N2O flux within a coastal creek in the Shanyutan Wetland in southeastern China in high spatial resolution across four seasons. Ancillary hydrographical variables and N2O-related functional gene abundances were also measured. Results showed that the creek was consistently oversaturated in N2O, at a seasonal average of 5.6–14.2 nmol/L, relative to the overlying atmosphere. The spatial distribution of N2O followed the gradient of nitrogenous substrate but was inversely related to the salinity gradient, and the coefficient of spatial variation of N2O flux ranged from 66.3 % to 116.5 %. Nitrite reduction (based on nirK and nirS gene abundances) and ammonia oxidation (AOA amoA and AOB amoA) appeared to outpace N2O reduction (nosZ I and nosZ II), and these were the main microbial processes that determined N2O concentration and flux. Both N2O concentration and flux were substantially higher in autumn than those in the other seasons, but that did not appear to be related to precipitation. N2O diffusive flux from the creek averaged 322.2 nmol m−2 h−1, which was over 2 times higher than the global average for lakes and reservoirs. Our results highlight that coastal creeks are strong atmospheric N2O sources with high spatiotemporal variability.

Interactions between trade wind clouds and local forcings over the Great Barrier Reef: a case study using convection-permitting simulations

Abstract. Trade wind clouds are ubiquitous across the subtropical oceans, including the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), playing an important role in modulating the regional energy budget. These shallow clouds, however, are by their nature sensitive to perturbations in both their thermodynamic environment and microphysical background. In this study, we employ the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a convection-permitting configuration at 1 km resolution to examine the sensitivity of the trade wind clouds to different local forcings over the GBR. A range of local forcings including coastal topography, sea surface temperature (SST), and local aerosol loading is examined. This study shows a strong response of cloud fraction and accumulated precipitation to orographic forcing both over the mountains and upwind over the GBR. Orographic lifting, low-level convergence, and lower troposphere stability are found to be crucial in explaining the cloud and precipitation features over the coastal mountains downwind of the GBR. However, clouds over the upwind ocean are more strongly constrained by the trade wind inversion, whose properties are, in part, regulated by the coastal topography. On the scales considered in this study, the warm-cloud fraction and the ensuant precipitation over the GBR show only a small response to the local SST forcing, with this response being tied to the surface flux and lower troposphere stability. Cloud microphysical properties, including cloud droplet number concentration, liquid water path, and precipitation, are sensitive to the changes in atmospheric aerosol population over the GBR. While cloud fraction shows little responses, a slight deepening of the simulated clouds is evident over the upwind region in correspondence to the increased aerosol number concentration. A downwind effect of aerosol loading on simulated cloud and precipitation properties is further noted.

Consolidated budgets of the Ural Federal District regions: Comparative assessment and development trends

Subject. This article discusses the issues of budget reform and changes in the regional budgets of the subjects of the Ural Federal District. Objectives. The article aims to assess changes in the regional budgets of the subjects of the Ural Federal District for the period from 2000 to 2022. Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis. Results. The article finds that the percentage of the Ural Federal District regions in the total revenues of the consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation gets decreasing, while a significant increase in the percentage of non-repayable receipts is recorded in the revenue part of the budgets under study. Conclusions. It is necessary to develop measures to improve the independence of regional budgets, especially in the context of constant external and internal economic changes. This requires adjusting the budget strategy of the Russian Federation in order to ensure the stable financial development of territorial systems.

Ассоциация пролетарских писателей в Саратове как провинциальный эпизод в истории ВАПП

Saratov’s literary process in the New Economy Policy Period was defined by the small regional budget, the slow speed of documentation circulation, and the absence of distinct political guidance from the Party and literary censorship organs up to the mid-1920s, as the themes of the cultural agenda were often chosen by the trade unions. The regional Proletkult became the foundation for the Saratov Association of Proletarian Writers (SAPW). Until the moment the SAPW received the support of the central organs, it did not have sufficient energy for creative and propagandistic activities, which were left to the Proletkult. On gaining this support, the organisation became dependent on the guiding Moscow organs. The search for new ways for proletarian literature revitalised the academic study of literature in Saratov. A new group of literary scholars appeared, which brought new life to Saratov philology. A significant contribution to this was made by G. Lelevich.

Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Dana Alokasi Umum, dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Belanja Modal Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Magetan

This research aims to determine the effect of local revenue, general allocation funds and economic growth on capital expenditure. The population in this study is the regional budget and expenditure realization report, and the Magetan Regency regional government's economic growth report for 2013 – 2022. The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the Magetan Regency regional financial and asset management revenue agency. The independent variables in this research consist of local revenue, general allocation funds and economic growth, while the dependent variable is capital expenditure. The samples in this research are budget realization reports and economic growth reports with a period of 10 years. The sampling technique in this research used a non-probability sampling technique. This type of research uses a quantitative approach. Research data processing uses SPSS version 27 with multiple linear regression analysis methods. Based on the results of the analysis used, the results obtained are that local original income has no effect on capital expenditure, general allocation funds have an effect on capital expenditure, while economic growth has no effect on capital expenditure. Simultaneous testing shows that local revenue, general allocation funds and economic growth have no effect on capital expenditure.

Division of Powers of Public Authorities in Modern Conditions

In the context of the implementation of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation regarding the formation of a unified system of public power, the issue of improving the delimitation of powers of public authorities remains relevant. Significant amount of problems has been accumulated over the course of more than twenty-five years. This fact has an impact on the sustainability of regional budgets. The author of the article is considering the authority of regional government bodies in questions of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities. The purpose of the work is to develop recommendations for improving the division of powers of public authorities and financial support this process from the position of increasing the sustainability budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In the course of the work, based on scientific methods such as institutional, retrospective and comparative analyses, it was concluded that there are problems in the mechanism for delimiting regional powers that impede the increase in the sustainability of regional budgets. The main results of the study include suggestions for the harmonization of budget legislation and legislation in the field of delimitation of powers from the position of expanding the rights of regions to participate in the implementation of non-transferred powers, regulation of the process of introducing new powers, inventory count of regional powers established by subordinate legislation or bylaws, introduction of the practice of financial support for certain regional powers in cases and to the extent of receipt of certain non-tax revenues and the development of debt financing instruments for powers, as well as for improving the practice of financial support for delegated powers. The prepared recommendations may be useful when conducting the inventory count of regional powers from the standpoint of increasing the sustainability of regional budgets; introducing a reasonable assessment of the resource provision for new powers proposed for the implementation; shifting the emphasis from the subordinate or by-law regulation of regional powers towards strengthening their legislative regulation.

Analisis Implementasi Sistem Pengendalian Internal Dalam Pengelolaan APBD Kota Jambi

This research is motivated by the need to understand and analyze the government's internal control system in managing Regional Budget funds (APBD) in Jambi City. The main focus of the research is to explain the implementation of the internal control system by the Jambi City Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) in the context of APBD management. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods, with the primary objective of describing and describing existing phenomena. Through observation, interviews, documentation, and checking the validity of the findings, this research aims first to understand the government's internal control system applied in managing APBD funds in Jambi City. Second, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the internal control system implemented by BPKAD Jambi City in managing APBD funds. The results showed that BPKAD Jambi City had successfully implemented the Government's Internal Control System (SPIP) according to the Ministry of Home Affairs guidelines.

Impact of typhoons on the ecological environment of the Pearl River Estuary in the summer of 2021—a study of an algal bloom event

In the summer of 2021, two typhoons, Typhoon Cempaka and Typhoon Lupit, passed through the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), resulting in a noticeable chlorophyll-a (Chla) bloom event on the west side of the PRE. Utilizing a coupled hydrodynamic-ecological model (ROMS-CoSiNE), we investigated the changes in the marine environment during the two-typhoon period and explored the underlying mechanisms involved. Our model effectively reproduces the spatial characteristics of the typhoon-induced algal blooms. The results suggest that the westward invasion of the Pearl River plume has a predominant impact on the alterations in biochemical elements. For further quantitative analyses, we utilized the model to determine the Chla concentration budget in algal bloom region to assess the dominant mechanism, particularly focusing on horizontal advection. Our findings indicated that algal bloom events are mainly attributed to a straightforward physical mechanism, namely, phytoplankton transportation, rather than to nutrient-induced phytoplankton growth. The study also revealed that the different growth processes of the two simulated phytoplankton species did not contribute positively to the increased Chla concentrations. However, further research is needed to investigate the impacts of different phytoplankton functional groups on the marine ecological environment under the influence of typhoons. This study enhances the understanding of the response of ecological environments in coastal areas to typhoons.

Potential of using CO2 observations over India in a regional carbon budget estimation by improving the modelling system

Abstract. Devising effective national-level climate action plans requires a more detailed understanding of the regional distribution of sources and sinks of greenhouse gases. Due to insufficient observations and modelling capabilities, India's current carbon source–sink estimates are uncertain. This study uses a high-resolution Lagrangian transport model to examine the potential of available CO2 observations over India for inverse estimation of regional carbon fluxes. We use four different sites in India that vary in the measurement technique, frequency and spatial representation. These observations exhibit substantial seasonal (7.5 to 9.2 ppm) and intra-seasonal (2 to 12 ppm) variability. Our modelling framework, a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting Model combined with the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model (WRF–STILT), performs better in simulating seasonal (R2=0.50 to 0.96) and diurnal (R2=0.96) variability (for the Mohali station) of observed CO2 than the current-generation global models (CarboScope, CarbonTracker and ECMWF EGG4). The seasonal CO2 concentration variability in Mohali, associated with crop residue burning, is largely underestimated by the models. WRF–STILT captures the seasonal biospheric variability over Nainital better than the global models but underestimates the strength of the CO2 uptake by crops. The choice of emission inventory in the modelling framework alone leads to significant biases in simulations (5 to 10 ppm), endorsing the need for accounting for emission fluxes, especially for non-background sites. Our study highlights the possibility of using the CO2 observations from these Indian stations for deducing carbon flux information at regional (Nainital) and suburban to urban (Mohali, Shadnagar and Nagpur) scales with the help of a high-resolution model. On accounting for observed variability in CO2, the global carbon data assimilation system can benefit from the measurements from the Indian subcontinent.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of Net Ecosystem Exchange in the Beijing-Tianjin sand source region and its response to drought

In the context of global change, the carbon budget in arid and semi-arid regions have changed significantly. Understanding these dynamic features and their response to climate change is essential for regional carbon cycle assessments. The Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region (BTSSR), a significant ecological project in China, is central to studies on carbon budget dynamics. While global change intensifies, understanding its carbon budget response to drought is crucial. By integrating data from the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), we analyzed the spatiotemporal attributes of NEE in this region and its response to drought. The BTSSR is currently in a carbon sink state, with the mean NEE being −45.13 gCm−2 and a rate of change at −0.005 gCm−2a-1. The maximum carbon sink occurs during the summer, whereas the winter is characterized by a net release of carbon to the atmosphere. In terms of spatial variation, the NEE shifts from positive to negative from southeast to northwest across the region. The impact of drought on summer NEE is notably significant, with the correlation and sensitivity being −0.717 (p < 0.05) and −3.911, respectively. As drought intensity increases, NEE changes from negative to positive, transforming BTSSR into a carbon source. NEE responded most significantly to strong drought and was less affected by light drought. The NEE of BTSSR showed a significant short-term response to drought, with a lag of 1–4 months. Considering different vegetation types, the temperate desert’s NEE is most significantly affected by drought and is the most sensitive, with correlation and sensitivity values of −0.841 (p < 0.05) and −12.570, respectively. In contrast, the warm temperate deciduous broadleaf forest shows stronger resistance to drought. This study elucidates how the carbon budget of different vegetation types in a typical ecological engineering area changes under the background of climate change and human activities, and contributes to the understanding of the impacts of drought events on the carbon cycle of different vegetation types, as well as the response of the latter to the former, especially the lagged response. It provides different perspectives for the subsequent ecological engineering construction.

Aquatic photosynthetic carbon pump driven by periodic temperature variations affects dissolved inorganic carbon and hydrochemical characteristics in a groundwater-fed reservoir

Under the influence of periodic temperature variations, biogeochemical cycling in water bodies is markedly affected by the periodic thermal stratification processes in subtropical reservoirs or lakes. In current studies, there is insufficient research on the influence and mechanism of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) distribution in karst carbon-rich groundwater-fed reservoirs under the coupled effects of thermal structure stratification and the biological carbon pump (BCP) effect. To address this issue, the Dalongdong (DLD) reservoir in the subtropical region of southern China was chosen as the site for long-term monitoring and research on relevant physicochemical parameters of water, DIC, and its stable carbon isotope (δ13CDIC), CO2 emission flux, as well as the reservoir's thermal stratification index. The results show that: (1) the DLD reservoir is a typical warm monomictic reservoir, which exhibits regular variations of mixing period-stratification period-mixing period on a yearly scale due to thermal structure changes; (2) DIC was consumed by aquatic photosynthetic organisms in the epilimnion during the stratification period, leading to a decrease in DIC concentration, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and CO2 emission flux, and an increase in stable carbon isotope (δ13CDIC). During the mixing period, the trend was reversed; (3) During the thermal stratification, aquatic photosynthesis and water temperature were the primary factors controlling DIC variations in both the epilimnion and thermocline. Regarding the hypolimnion, calcite dissolution, organic matter decomposition, and water temperature were the dominant controlling factors. These results indicate that although carbon-rich karst groundwater provides a plentiful supply of DIC in the DLD reservoir, its availability is still influenced by variations in the reservoir's thermal structure and the metabolic processes of aquatic photosynthetic organisms. Therefore, to better estimate the regional carbon budget in a reservoir or lake, future studies should especially consider the combined effects of BCP and thermal structure variations on carbon variations.

Ekman-driven salt transport as a key mechanism for open-ocean polynya formation at Maud Rise.

Open-ocean polynyas formed over the Maud Rise, in the Weddell Sea, during the winters of 2016-2017. Such polynyas are rare events in the Southern Ocean and are associated with deep convection, affecting regional carbon and heat budgets. Using an ocean state estimate, we found that during 2017, early sea ice melting occurred in response to enhanced vertical mixing of heat, which was accompanied by mixing of salt. The melting sea ice compensated for the vertically mixed salt, resulting in a net buoyancy gain. An additional salt input was then necessary to destabilize the upper ocean. This came from a hitherto unexplored polynya-formation mechanism: an Ekman transport of salt across a jet girdling the northern flank of the Maud Rise. Such transport was driven by intensified eastward surface stresses during 2015-2018. Our results illustrate how highly localized interactions between wind, ocean flow and topography can trigger polynya formation in the open Southern Ocean.

The Effectiveness of Fiscal Transfer of South Sumatra Province: Initiation of Ecological Fiscal Transfer Concept

This study identifies the effectiveness of South Sumatra Provincial Government’s financial assistance budget transfer on Poverty Levels and the Human Development Index. This fiscal transfer from the Provincial Government is to assist and support the Regency/City Governments’ budget for their development program. The problem of this study is to identify the effect of this fiscal transfer to support the Regency/City Government in reducing poverty level and increasing Human Development Index. A coefficient of determination analysis is applied to assess the effect of the provincial financial assistance to reduce poverty rates and increase the Human Development Index. Analysis is also conducted to identify opportunities for the implementation of Ecological Fiscal Transfer model for the allocation of financial assistance budget. The study analyzes data from the Regional Budget of South Sumatra Province for the last 10 years. Coefficient of determination analysis shows that the fiscal transfer in the form of financial assistance fails to explain the variation of poverty rates and the Human Development Index in the area. Following that, the study also adopted an Ecological Fiscal Transfer model to simulate the allocation of Provincial Financial Assistance. Keywords: financial assistance, ecological fiscal transfer, poverty, Human Development Index

The Impact of Regional Expenditures on the Quality of Human Development in South Sumatra

The quality of human development depends on the level of fulfillment of their needs in the fields of health, education, and per capita spending. The government as a driver of development activities has a vital role in human development, especially after the pandemic era which previously had a negative impact on people’s quality of life. Through an effective regional budget allocation, the government can continue to improve the quality of human development toward the expected goals of prosperity. This study seeks to describe the effect of regional spending on the quality of human development in South Sumatra Province. The data used is time series data for 2006–2022. The analysis used is simple linear regression. The results obtained are that regional spending has a positive and significant effect on the Human Development Index (HDI). This means that the quality of human development in South Sumatra depends on regional expenditure activities in sectors that support the HDI component. Keywords: regional expenditures, HDI

Evaluating Budget Functions for Effective Revenue and Expenditure Planning in Hulu River South District

The public sector budget has a function as a local financial management planning tool. BPKPD district of Hulu River South is an institution that carries out the duties of the local government in the planning of the regional budget. This study is aimed at finding out the application of budget functions as a tool for planning income and expenditure in the BPKPD district of Hulu River South. This study uses a method of quantitative research using a descriptive approach. The study uses three types of measurement analysis to find out the use of budget function as a planning tool, namely, the process of budgeting, the level of effectiveness of budget income, and the degree of efficiency as well as deviations in budget expenditures. The income budget effectiveness rate for 2022 reached 118.60% (more than 100%) with the category of highly effective, coming from three types of regional income. First, Regional Real Income with an efficiency ratio of 87.51% belongs to the effective category. Second, Transfer income with an effectiveness rate of 119.82% belonging to the highly efficient category. The calculation of the expenditure efficiency ratio showed less efficient access, with a ratio of 93.06%. Operations purchases obtained a rate of 75.92% in the efficient category. Capital purchases gained access to efficiency ratios of 91.41%, including the less effective category. Unexpected expenditures reached the rate of efficiency of 17.92%, in the highly efficient categories. Lastly, the transfer spending sector has an efficiency rate of 99.81% in the less efficient category. Secondly, the calculation of the variance analysis in the regional spending sector shows that the entire account in the local spending area has more variance. No spending account has a budget deficit as a result of the realization or achievement of greater income than estimated. The deviation that occurs on the entire account of the shopping sector is favorable.

An Approach for Assessing Human Respiration CO2 Emissions Using Radiocarbon Measurements and Bottom‐Up Data Sets

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and has large impacts on climate change. Its fossil fuel (CO2ff) and biogenic (CO2bio) sources are well investigated, while CO2 emissions from human respiration (CO2hr), a subset of CO2bio, have received less attention. Especially as a source of carbon emissions in densely populated megacities, the role of CO2hr emissions in the carbon cycles was largely neglected. Here we fully characterize the respiratory CO2 emission rates (CERs) of Chinese people for the first time. Using the example of the megacity Beijing in China, we estimate the CO2hr emissions and present a method for quantifying its fraction in the atmospheric CO2 based on radiocarbon (14C) measurements and inventory data sets. The results show that males and females have similar age trends in CERs, but the gender difference is significant, especially between the ages of 20 and 60, the average CERs was 33% higher for males than for females (P &lt; 0.05). The CO2hr emissions were about 22.2 ± 0.6 kt CO2 per day, which was equivalent to 7.5% of daily CO2ff emissions in winter. The proportion is likely to be twice in summer due to the seasonal fluctuations of fossil fuel emissions. More importantly, the respiratory emissions could increase atmospheric CO2 concentration by about 2 ppm, accounting for 14% ± 6% of average CO2bio concentration in winter. This study highlights the importance of human respiration in carbon emissions in megacities and has implications for a better understanding of the regional carbon budget.