Region Of Origin Research Articles

Three-year follow-up data from KEYNOTE-966: Pembrolizumab (pembro) plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (gem/cis) compared with gem/cis alone for patients (pts) with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC).

4093 Background: KEYNOTE-966 demonstrated that adding pembro to gem/cis provided a statistically significant, clinically meaningful improvement in OS as first-line therapy for BTC. After a median follow-up (ie, time from randomization to data cutoff) of 25.6 months (mo), median OS was 12.7 mo for pembro + gem/cis vs 10.9 mo with placebo + gem/cis (hazard ratio [HR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72-0.95; P = 0.0034; data cutoff date December 15, 2022). We present updated efficacy and safety data after 11 mo of additional follow-up. Methods: Key eligibility criteria included age ≥18 years; previously untreated, histologically confirmed metastatic or unresectable locally advanced BTC measurable by RECIST v1.1; and ECOG PS 0 or 1. Pts were randomized 1:1 to pembro 200 mg or placebo Q3W for ≤35 cycles plus gem 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 Q3W until PD and cis 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 for <8 cycles.Pts were stratified by region (Asia vs non-Asia), stage (locally advanced vs metastatic), and site of origin (gallbladder vs intrahepatic vs extrahepatic). The primary end point was OS; secondary end points were PFS, ORR, and DOR assessed per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review, and safety. The data cutoff date for this analysis was November 14, 2023. Results: 1069 pts were randomized to pembro + gem/cis (n = 533) or placebo + gem/cis (n = 536). At a median follow-up of 36.6 mo (range, 29.2-49.4), the OS benefit of pembro + gem/cis was maintained (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.98). Median OS was 12.7 mo (95% CI 11.5-13.6) for the pembro arm vs 10.9 mo (95% CI 9.9-11.6) for the placebo arm. At 24 mo, the OS rate was 24.6% (95% CI 21.0-28.3) in the pembro arm vs 19.2% (95% CI 16.0-22.6) in the placebo arm. OS in key subgroups continued to favor the pembro arm. Median PFS was 6.5 mo (95% CI 5.7-6.9) for the placebo arm vs 5.6 mo (95% CI 4.9-6.5) for the pembro arm (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.97). ORR was 28.7% (n = 153) in the pembro arm vs 28.7% (n = 154) in the placebo arm. DOR was 8.3 mo (range: 1.2+ to 44.3+) for the pembro arm vs 6.9 mo (1.1+ to 41.1+) for the placebo arm; at 18 mo, estimates of ongoing response were 24% in the pembro arm vs 14% in the placebo arm. 378 (71.5%) out of 529 treated pts in the pembro arm had grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) vs 370 (69.3%) out of 534 treated pts in the placebo arm. 31 (5.9%) pts in the pembro arm died vs 50 (9.4%) in the placebo arm. There were no additional treatment-related deaths since the final analysis. Conclusions: With a median follow-up of 36.6 mo, the clinically meaningful improvement in OS with pembro + gem/cis was maintained, with no new safety signals, compared with placebo + gem/cis in pts with unresectable or advanced BTC. These data support pembro + gem/cis as first-line treatment for advanced BTC.

Soft tissue sarcomas: Disease burden and health system response in Peru.

e23557 Background: The management of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) presents a challenge in Peru, with a fragmented health system and few centers specialized in sarcoma care. There is no national cancer registry, which does not allow us to have a real view of the most prevalent types. Our aim was to determine the incidence in Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) and to know the real care capacity of cancer centers nationwide. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in INEN between 2009 and 2015 to know the incidence of STS. Also, a survey was carried out to determine the real capacity of diagnosis and treatment care of cancer centers located in different regions of our country. Results: We were able to determine the anatomopathological diagnosis in 1804 (100%) patients. 52,1% were male (n = 899). Median age was 43 years (15-96). The most frequent sarcoma was undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma with 482 patients(27.9%), followed by liposarcoma in 269 (15,6%) and leiomyosarcoma in 159 (9%). The most common primary location was the limbs with 892 patients (51.7%), followed by the abdomen and pelvis with 423 (24.5%), and the least common was the head and neck with 207 patients (12%), followed immediately by the thorax with 205 patients (11.9%). According to the region of origin, 551 (31.9%) patients came from the northern region, 175 (10.1%) from the south, 35 (2%) from the east, 308 (17.8%) from the central region, and 658 (38.1%) from Lima and Callao. We obtained responses from 20 oncology centers of the Ministry of Health along 12 regions operating nationwide. Eight (40%) oncology centers are located in Lima and twelve (60%) in the rest of Peru. 100% (n = 20) of centers have medical oncologists, 70% (n = 14) have surgical oncologists, 65% (n = 13) have traumatologist and pathologist. About capacity of resolution: 100% (n = 20) perform direct biopsy of soft tissue tumors and 60% (n = 12) perform image-guided biopsies; regarding pathology, 95% (n = 19) performed morphological approach and 45% (n = 9) immunohistochemistry studies. 100% (n = 20) can perform ultrasound studies, 95% (n = 19) tomography, and 35% (n = 7) magnetic resonance imaging. 90% (n = 17) accomplish radical surgeries and 60% (n = 12) limb sparing surgeries. 85% (n = 17) enforce chemotherapy treatment. Only 50% (n = 10) have a radiotherapy service. 25% (n = 5) hold multidisciplinary meetings continuously while 40% (n = 8) hold them occasionally for complex cases. Only 8 oncology centers (out of a total of 20) have all the services to care for the complexity of a patient with soft tissue sarcoma, the majority (n = 3) located in Lima. Conclusions: Nearly 1,800 patients have been diagnosed in this reference institution in a period of 5 years, however it represents an underestimation of the real incidence. Cancer centers that can provide complete care for patients with soft tissue sarcomas are scarce, creating a gap in care for this pathology.

Home and Spread of Indo-European Tribes in the Light of Name Research

Today, large parts of Europe are populated by speakers of Indo-European languages. People have long wondered where they came from, where their original home was. Archeology has long been trusted to provide a solution to the problem. This has now been abandoned. Today there is a great deal of trust in the results of genetic research, which can certainly contribute to important findings. However, one should not forget an important aspect: when one looks for the speakers of Indo-European languages, one is not looking for specific material finds (devices, weapons, etc.) or for the carriers of certain genetic peculiarities, but for the speakers of languages. Their homeland and distribution can only be determined using linguistic methods. The languages alone are crucial. And at this point a scientific discipline that is based on languages comes into view: it is place name research. Place and river names are firmly anchored in the original region. They often pass on their names to changing populations and are therefore undoubtedly the most important witnesses to the history of peoples and languages. And another scientific discipline must be included: agricultural science, because early settlements were based on good and productive soils that enabled continuous settlement. With the help of geographical names and the distribution of Europe's good soils, the study determines the original settlements of the Slavs on the northern slope of the Carpathians, the Germanic tribes north of the Harz and those of the Celts on the western edge of the Carpathians. River names that can be assigned to Old European, i.e. Indo-European, hydronymy also show that old ones come from almost all settlement areas. There is evidence of connections to the Baltics and the Baltic languages. The Baltics are therefore the center of Indo-European names and there is no reason not to consider them as the starting area and home of Indo-European expansions. A homeland outside of Old European hydronymy, be it in southern Russia or in Asia Minor or in the Caucasus, as is often assumed today, especially on the basis of genetic studies, is excluded.

Children’s sex composition and transition to higher-order birth among Turkish migrants in Europe and their non-migrant counterparts in Turkey: does having a son matter?

ABSTRACT A growing literature examines parental sex preferences for their children among migrant communities in Western countries and investigates whether migrants’ preferences align with those of the native population. Changes in preference may indicate cultural and structural assimilation into the destination country. We adopted a dissimilation from origins conceptual perspective and compared migrants’ behavior to that of their non-migrant peers in the origin country. We used the unique 2000 Families dataset, which includes multi-generational data on both early labor migrants to Europe and non-migrants from the same regions of origin in Turkey. The study provides the first examination of parental sex preferences for their children and fertility among Turkish migrants and their descendants in Europe and their non-migrant counterparts in Turkey. The findings show ongoing son preference among first-generation migrants and their children, thus supporting the theory of cultural persistence.

Critères influençant le choix du premier poste après l’internat de chirurgie orale en France

The Specialized Diploma in Oral Surgery (Diplôme d’études spécialisées en chirurgie orale) was established in 2011. It gives its holders a unique combination of medical and surgical expertise. As a specialty, oral surgery can be pursued via both medical and dental pathways. However, the criteria guiding students’ choice of first job after residency remain largely unknown. The primary objective was to evaluate the factors influencing students’ choice of first job after completing their oral surgery residency. The main geographical factors influencing job choice were the presence of family or friends, a short commute, and the location of the spouse’s place of work. Key practice conditions included access to advanced technical facilities and an operating theater offering general anesthesia. Clinical activities ranged from pre-implant grafts to general oral surgery. The likelihood of pursuing a hospital-based position in the same facility was correlated with the well-being experienced during the residency (p < 0.05) and with the oral surgeons’ medical background (p = 0.001). Significant associations exist between region of origin, internship location, and practice region (p < 0.001; p <0.001). The main factors influencing the choice of first position after oral surgery residency depend on family-related and technical criteria.

The Effect of Local Original Income (PAD), Transfer Funds (Balanced Funds), and Regional Economic Growth on the Regional Poverty Rate of West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB)

One of the primary goals of any municipality is human development when it comes to regional development. Reducing poverty and improving community welfare and human resources are the primary goals. The poverty rate in NTB Province has dropped dramatically, and the income and economic growth in the area have increased, thanks to the many regional development initiatives that the province has launched. Finding out how local original income, balancing funds, and economic development influence the poverty rate in NTB province is the main objective of this research. Using a battery of tests and regression analysis, we compile a dataset consisting of panel data from ten NTB Province regencies and cities covering the years 2012–2022. The results obtained from this study show that local original funding (PAD) has a significant impact on reducing poverty rates and balancing funds that significantly reduce poverty rates in the NTB province. However, economic growth impacts increasing the poverty rate in NTB province, although not significantly. This may happen because Indonesia's economic growth fluctuates, thus affecting the increase in poverty. Fluctuations occur due to factors such as national economic conditions, supply-demand, government policies, etc. This can affect the economic growth of NTB, and it also impacts the increasing poverty rate in NTB. In addition, the increasing population is one of the factors that contribute to economic fluctuations and the increase of poor people in NTB.

The Synergy between Artificial Intelligence, Remote Sensing, and Archaeological Fieldwork Validation

The increasing relevance of remote sensing and artificial intelligence (AI) for archaeological research and cultural heritage management is undeniable. However, there is a critical gap in this field. Many studies conclude with identifying hundreds or even thousands of potential sites, but very few follow through with crucial fieldwork validation to confirm their existence. This research addresses this gap by proposing and implementing a fieldwork validation pipeline. In northern Portugal’s Alto Minho region, we employed this pipeline to verify 237 potential burial mounds identified by an AI-powered algorithm. Fieldwork provided valuable information on the optimal conditions for burial mounds and the specific factors that led the algorithm to err. Based on these insights, we implemented two key improvements to the algorithm. First, we incorporated a slope map derived from LiDAR-generated terrain models to eliminate potential burial mound inferences in areas with high slopes. Second, we trained a Vision Transformer model using digital orthophotos of both confirmed burial mounds and previously identified False Positives. This further refines the algorithm’s ability to distinguish genuine sites. The improved algorithm was then tested in two areas: the original Alto Minho validation region and the Barbanza region in Spain, where the location of burial mounds was well established through prior field work.

Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Dengan Anggaran Pendapatan Dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) Di Kabupaten Jombang

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between the percentage of Original Regional Income (PAD) and the percentage of the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) in Jombang Regency. The data analysis method used is a qualitative descriptive method that collects secondary data from official sources, such as local government financial reports. The research findings show that there has been a fluctuation in the ratio of PAD to APBD in Jombang Regency within the specified period. One of the implications of this research is the importance of increasing Original Regional Income as a source of original regional income for local governments in managing the APBD.

Skin cancer-associated genodermatoses in skin of color patients: a review.

Skin cancers are associated with a large number of genodermatoses. Existing knowledge and guidelines on the presentations of these genodermatoses focus disproportionately on White patients. Our goal is to identify notable characteristics in location, frequency, and severity of cutaneous findings along with the median age of skin cancers in skin-of-color (SOC) patients with skin-cancer-associated genodermatoses to improve diagnosis rates. We searched for genodermatoses on six databases. Each case report or case series was reviewed, including reports, published in English, containing adult patient descriptions. Duplicate manuscripts were removed using EndNote. The following case-level data were collected from the manuscripts: age, gender, patient country or region of origin, author country/continent of residence, skin cancer-related, and other key dermatologic features. 381 published articles, with a total of 578 SOC patients, met criteria for inclusion. SOC patients can present with fewer classic findings, such as a lower incidence of basal cell carcinomas (44%) in SOC Gorlin syndrome patients than palmar pits (66%) and mandibular cysts (66%). Differences between SOC populations were also noted, such as leukoplakia being more common in Asian dyskeratosis congenita patients (80%) in comparison to African dyskeratosis congenita patients (44%). SOC patients also have varying onset of skin cancer depending on the genodermatosis, from a median of 25years of age in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome to 53 in Muir-Torre syndrome. In this review, SOC patients with genodermatoses can have varying presentations. Being cognizant of these characteristics may lead to earlier diagnosis and interventions to mitigate skin-cancer-related morbidity in SOC patients.

High genetic diversity of Echinococcus canadensis G10 in northeastern Asia: is it the region of origin? - CORRIGENDUM.

High genetic diversity of Echinococcus canadensis G10 in northeastern Asia: is it the region of origin? - CORRIGENDUM.

Factors correlating with circulating T-zone-like cells of undetermined significance (TZUS) in dogs resident in Italy

T-zone-like cells of undetermined significance (TZUS) share the same phenotypic pattern (CD45-CD5+) with T-zone lymphoma cells and were first described a few years ago in the peripheral blood (PB) of healthy aged American Golden retrievers (GR). History of bladder and eye disease increased the odd of circulating TZUS in the American GR population. Since differences among dogs may exist according to the geographical region of origin, herein we screened 489 PB samples to assess potential factors predisposing to the presence of circulating TZUS in dogs living in Italy. Overall, TZUS were found in 174 (35.6%) samples. Among 83 clinical variables, significant associations emerged with sex, age, diagnosis of neoplasia, history of neoplasia, history of infectious or parasitic disease, history of osteoarticular disease, presence of traumatic lesions or foreign bodies, and lymphocytes count. Only age and history of neoplasia retained significance at multivariate analysis (p=0.019 and p=0.036, respectively). Thus, older age and history of neoplasia are the main factors associated with circulating TZUS in Italian dogs. Future studies should focus on elucidating the biological role of TZUS and determining reproducible criteria for their identification, distinguishing them from infiltrating TZL.

Trichoderma carraovejensis: a new species from vineyard ecosystem with biocontrol abilities against grapevine trunk disease pathogens and ecological adaptation.

Trichoderma strains used in vineyards for the control of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) present a promising alternative to chemical products. Therefore, the isolation and characterization of new indigenous Trichoderma strains for these purposes is a valuable strategy to favor the adaptation of these strains to the environment, thus improving their efficacy in the field. In this research, a new Trichoderma species, Trichoderma carraovejensis, isolated from vineyards in Ribera de Duero (Spain) area, has been identified and phylogenetically analyzed using 20 housekeeping genes isolated from the genome of 24 Trichoderma species. A morphological description and comparison of the new species has also been carried out. In order to corroborate the potential of T. carraovejensis as a biological control agent (BCA), confrontation tests against pathogenic fungi, causing various GTDs, have been performed in the laboratory. The compatibility of T. carraovejensis with different pesticides and biostimulants has also been assessed. This new Trichoderma species demonstrates the ability to control pathogens such as Diplodia seriata, as well as high compatibility with powdered sulfur-based pesticides. In conclusion, the autochthonous species T. carraovejensis can be an effective alternative to complement the currently used strategies for the control of wood diseases in its region of origin.

Regional Government Cooperation with Business Entities for Efficiency in the Public Street Lighting Sector for the Potential to Increase Purwakarta Regency's Original Regional Income

This research aims to analyze the implementation of Regional Government Cooperation with Business Entities (KPBU) in the Public Street Lighting (PJU) sector in Purwakarta district. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach with secondary data from books and other sources that support the discussion of this research, as well as media and internet documents, included in the data category. This research shows that if government collaboration with PPP is successful, several things must be considered. Relationships, resources, networks, organizations. In other words, this collaboration is strategically important for both parties. parties and must complement each other, information from both parties must be considered and maintained. Mutual trust is important, especially the efficiency of PJU costs/budgets in the APBD. The implementation of the PPP policy is included in the category of complex cooperation because the mechanism for payment of services is based on payment from savings, the Government does not bear the initial costs (no investment) and does not bear the risk of state losses (zero risk). PPP scheme PJU business entities with unsolicited projects have so far not found any potential complaints or indications of state financial losses because so far they have still complied with the precautionary principle.

Unaccompanied Migrant Children in US Government Custody: 2014–2023

Between October 1, 2014, and March 1, 2023, the US Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) took custody of 568,890 unaccompanied migrant children. Drawing on a unique dataset that ORR produced in response to Freedom of Information Act requests and litigation, we provide the first comprehensive, long-term demographic study of the population of unaccompanied migrant children while in ORR custody. Our analysis reveals the children's differential treatment and experiences across time and demographic characteristics. We contextualize ORR's treatment of the children in its custody by identifying legal standards governing their care. We also examine how specific instances of legal, political, and social change in the United States correlate with fluctuations in the origin-based demographics of unaccompanied migrant children seeking refuge in the United States. Results highlight the differential treatment and intense uncertainty that unaccompanied migrant children face in the United States based on their age, gender, country and region of origin, ORR program placements, and discharge types.

Analysis of Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Contribution of Regional Tax Revenue and Regional Levies to Original Regional Income (PAD) of Kerinci Regency Year 2019-2021

The puproses of this research is to determine the extent of the effectiveness, efficiency and contribution of regional taxes and levies to Kerinci Regency's Original Regional Income. This research was conducted at the Regional Financial and Revenue Management Agency (BPKPD) Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques, namely observation. The data used is secondary data in the form of reports on the realization of Kerinci Regency regional tax and levy revenues. The research results show that (1) The effectiveness of regional taxes and levies in Kerinci Regency is less effective (2) The efficiency of collecting regional taxes and levies is categorized as efficient (3) The contribution of regional taxes and levies is categorized as very less contributing. So it is hoped that the Regional Financial and Revenue Management Agency (BPKPD) of Kerinci Regency can optimize regional taxes and levies in Kerinci Regency

The Influence of the Soil Profile on the Formation of the Elemental Image of Grapes and Wine of the Cabernet Sauvignon Variety.

The features for assessing the authenticity of wines by region of origin are studied, based on the relationship between the mineral composition of the wine, the grapes, and the soil profile (0 to 160 cm) from the place of growth of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. Soil, grape, and wine samples were taken from the territories of six vineyards in the Anapa district of Krasnodar Territory, Russia. Using the methods of ICP-OES, thermal, and X-ray phase analysis, the soils were differentiated into three groups, differing in mineralogical and mineral compositions. The soil samples of the first group contained up to 31% quartz, the second group up to 25% quartz and 19% mixed calcite, and the third group up to 32% calcite and 15% quartz. The formation of the elemental image of the grapes was studied, taking into account the total content and mobile forms of metals in the soil. The territorial proximity of the vineyards did not affect the extraction of elements from the soil into the grape berry, and the migration of metals for each territory was selective. According to the values of the biological absorption coefficient, the degree of transition of metals from the soil to a berry was estimated. For K, Ti, Zn, Rb, Cu, and Fe in all berries, the coefficient was higher than 1.00, which means that the berry extracts contained not only mobile-form, but also difficult-to-dissolve metal compounds. The migration of macro-components from the soil to the berry was low, and amounted to 6-7% for Ca, 0.8-3.0% for Na, and 25-70% for Mg of the concentration of their mobile forms. For all territories, the maximum correlation between metal concentrations in grapes and soil was observed for samples from a depth of 0-40 cm. The discriminant model based on concentrations of Rb, Al, K, Sr, Co, Na, Pb, Ca, and Ni showed the formation of clusters in the territories of vineyard cultivation. The developed model allow the problems of identifying wines by region to be solved with high accuracy, using their elemental image.

Optimizing diagnosis and surgical decisions for chronic osteomyelitis through radiomics in the precision medicine era.

Introduction: Chronic osteomyelitis is a complex clinical condition that is associated with a high recurrence rate. Traditional surgical interventions often face challenges in achieving a balance between thorough debridement and managing resultant bone defects. Radiomics is an emerging technique that extracts quantitative features from medical images to reveal pathological information imperceptible to the naked eye. This study aims to investigate the potential of radiomics in optimizing osteomyelitis diagnosis and surgical treatment. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 93 suspected osteomyelitis patients were analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from the original lesion region of interest (ROI) and an expanded ROI delineated by enlarging the original by 5mm. Feature selection was performed and support vector machine (SVM) models were developed using the two ROI datasets. To assess the diagnostic efficacy of the established models, we conducted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, employing histopathological results as the reference standard. The model's performance was evaluated by calculating the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Discrepancies in the ROC between the two models were evaluated using the DeLong method. All statistical analyses were carried out using Python, and a significance threshold of p < 0.05 was employed to determine statistical significance. Results and Discussion: A total of 1,037 radiomics features were extracted from each ROI. The expanded ROI model achieved significantly higher accuracy (0.894 vs. 0.821), sensitivity (0.947 vs. 0.857), specificity (0.842 vs. 0.785) and AUC (0.920 vs. 0.859) than the original ROI model. Key discriminative features included shape metrics and wavelet-filtered texture features. Radiomics analysis of MRI exhibits promising clinical translational potential in enhancing the diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis by accurately delineating lesions and identifying surgical margins. The inclusion of an expanded ROI that encompasses perilesional tissue significantly improves diagnostic performance compared to solely focusing on the lesions. This study provides clinicians with a more precise and effective tool for diagnosis and surgical decision-making, ultimately leading to improved outcomes in this patient population.

Ethnicity and refractive errors in Peruvian children aged 7–11 years: A five-year analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey

ObjectiveTo assess the association between ethnicity and self-reported refractive errors (REs) among Peruvian children aged 7–11 years. Materials and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study incorporating a secondary data analysis of 2017–2021 data from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). REs and ethnicity were obtained from focal child's mother's report. Four outcomes were assessed: hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and any RE. We included potential confounders, such as age, sex, wealth index, area of residence, region of origin, frequency of watching TV and watching screens at less than 30 cm distance. Generalised linear models with the Poisson family and log link function were used to calculate crude prevalence ratio and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). ResultsData from a total of 52,753 children were included. The prevalence of RE in children aged 7–11 years was 10.90% (95% CI 10.49–11.33), of which 5.19% were hyperopia, 3.35% myopia and 2.36% astigmatism. Those of the Aymara ethnicity were less likely to suffer from any RE and astigmatism (aPR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.46–0.99, p = 0.046; aPR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.92, p = 0.012, respectively), Members of Amazon groups were more likely to have hyperopia (aPR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.14–3.36, p = 0.015) and Quechuas were more likely to have myopia (aPR =1.29, 95% CI 1.02–1.62, p = 0.028), where all were compared to Mestizos. ConclusionAbout 1 in 10 Peruvian children suffer from a RE. The most frequent RE in this study was hyperopia. Ethnic differences were seen in the frequency of RE.

Gender and Social Contacts: Labour Market Entry Among Refugee and Family Reunion Migrants in Sweden

Increasing rates of refugee and family reunion immigration have led to rising concern about integration in Europe. Previous studies point to the importance of social contacts for migrants’ labour market integration but suggest that they play different roles for men and women. Yet, less attention has been paid to the potential factors shaping gender differences. Using the Swedish Level of Living Survey of foreign-born and their children, this study (1) establishes the gender-specific role of contacts at entry into employment among refugee and family reunion migrants, and (2) analyses how educational attainment and region of origin shape gender differences. Results reveal that social contacts promote entry into employment among migrant men. In contrast, contacts are not related to a shorter time to first job among migrant women. Findings further point towards gender differences in the role of social contacts by educational attainment and region of origin. In particular, migrant men appear to benefit from their contacts largely because social contacts assist low-educated men in securing work. Among women, the role of social contacts does not differ across educational attainment. Instead, educational attainment is directly associated with time to first job, suggesting that women rely more heavily on their formal education. The returns to social contacts are heterogeneous across regions of origin, and especially so among women.

ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННО-ВРЕМЕННЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ЦИКЛОГЕНЕЗА И РЕЖИМА ОСАДКОВ В АТЛАНТИКО-ЕВРОПЕЙСКОМ СЕКТОРЕ В 1979-2019 ГОДАХ

The study presents the classification of cyclones according to the region of origin and track in the Euro-Atlantic sector. The cyclones have been identified according to the ERA5 reanalysis data. Their seasonal frequency, travel speed, size, and central pressure have been quantified, and their trends have been revealed. Mean and maximum total precipitation associated with the distinguished types of cyclones over the territory of Europe is determined. It is shown that the frequency of the North Atlantic cyclones in the recent 40 years has decreased in winter, summer, and autumn and increased in spring. It has been revealed, that the frequency of the southern cyclones insignificantly decreases in summer and increases in winter. A decrease in minimum central pressure for some types of the North Atlantic cyclones occurs in winter and summer. There is an increase in maximum total precipitation in winter due to the North Atlantic cyclones and in summer due to the southern cyclones. The number of days with cyclonic precipitation decreases for all types of cyclones.