Region Of Jammu Research Articles

Genetic divergence and AMMI analysis of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) in Himalayan foothill regions of Jammu

The present experiment was undertaken during kharif 2017 and 2018 at two locations (Jammu and Kathua) and consisted of nine hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of diverse origin. The highest grain yield per ha was observed for PAC 807 followed by Sava 200 and PHB 71 based on pooled mean data over the environments. The highest genetic advance were observed for panicle per m2 (9.35), whereas the highest genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for days to flowering (6.15). Genetic divergence study revealed that all the nine hybrid rice genotypes were grouped into three clusters. Cluster II had the largest number of genotypes (5), although they were originated from different sources. Cluster I had three genotypes, whereas cluster III was a single genotype cluster. There was good amount of diversity present in hybrid genotypes with maximum diverse genotypes of PHB 71, BS 008 and BS 1294. Environment III and IV were highly interactive and showed higher mean grain yield for favourable and unfavourable conditions. Environment I (Jammu-2017) showed very less interaction and can be considered as ideal for cultivation of hybrid rice genotypes under study. The hybrid BS 008 and Sava 200 found as a genetically diverse hybrid with stable below average mean performance for grain yield and can be identified as stable genotype under varying conditions of these north western Himalayan foot hill regions of Jammu and Kashmir.

Detection of Major Soil-Borne Viruses and Assessment of Virus-Vector Association in Potato Growing Areas of North-Western Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) and Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Soil-borne potato viruses are an increasing economic threat to crop yield in the future. Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and their vector association in field infection in North-western region of Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir were surveyed in this study. Incidence and distribution of these soil-borne viruses were estimated by field sample collection from Malakand and Hazara divisions of KPK and selected areas of Azad Kashmir. PMTV incidence was 22% in Malakand (highest of 40% in Swat II and Swat V), 24% in Hazara (highest 50% in Galliyat), and 23% from selected areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) (Highest with 40% in Rawalakot and Trarkhal). TRV incidence was 49% in AJK (100% highest field incidence in Khaigala Rawalakot), 53% in Malakand division (80% highest field incidence in Swat II), and 24% in Hazara division (70% highest field incidence in Abbottabad and Mansehra districts). PMTV, TRV vectors are Spongospora subterranea and Trichodorus, Paratrichodorus spp. were found distributed in all surveyed areas. Eighty percent (80%) fields were found infested with S. subterranean, while Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus were found in 64% in Malakand. In Hazara, 84% of surveyed fields were found infested with S. subterranea while 65% were found to be infested with Trichodorus, Paratrichodorus. In AJK S. subterranea was found distributed in 79% of fields. A significant relationship (P value=0.000) between viruses (PMTV and TRV) and their respective vectors were detected in proportionate. The corresponding R2 (0.70 and 0.82) indicates positive relation between viruses and their vectors. Positive Pearson correlation was found among incidence and severity of virus infection (PMTV and TRV) and vectors (S. subterranea; Trichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus), indicating increased disease severity with vector presence and activity. The study will be a tool in vector virus management to economical potato harvest

Medicinal plants used against gastrointestinal complaints in district Budgam of Jammu and Kashmir - An ethnomedicinal study

Background: The current study was the first to target on gastrointestinal illnesses and associated traditional recipes in Jammu and Kashmir's Budgam area. Gastrointestinal disorders affect any part of the gastrointestinal system, from the esophagus to the rectum, as well as the accessory digestive organs. The knowledge about plants used for the treatment gastrointestinal disorders is rapidly depleting in the study area and hence it becomes important to document this valuable knowledge. Methods: Extensive surveys were conducted in the study area during March 2019 to July 2020 for the collection of medicinally important plants and the traditional knowledge associated with them. In a total 35 informants (22 males, 13 females) were interviewed aged between 29-80 years to collect the data using group discussions and semi-structured interviews. The interviews were carried out in local dialect and all the documented data was then translated into English. Various ethnobotanical indices, including informant consensus factor and use value, were employed to evaluate the gathered information. Results: A total of 56 plant species belonging to 24 families and 47 genera were reported to be used against gastrointestinal disorders in Budgam region of Jammu and Kashmir. Among 24 families, Asteraceae was the dominant family (12 species) of the total reported taxa in the study area and leaves were the most utilized plant part with decoction as the major mode of herbal recipe preparation. Highest ICF (Informant consensus factor) of 1 was reported for vomiting and Artemisia absinthium recorded the highest UV (Use value) of 0.74. Conclusion: Local inhabitants still prioritize herbal medicines as an effective way to treat a wide variety of ailments. Elders of the study area are well equipped with indigenous knowledge about medicinal plants, but young people are not much interested in herbal practices. Thus, valuable knowledge about the use of plants is on the verge of decline. Hence there is a dire need to document these valuable medicinal plants and the traditional treasure associated with them. In addition, plants reported with high UV should be subjected for further phytochemical and pharmacological investigation to authenticate indigenous uses. Keywords: Medicinal plants, Ethnomedicine, Traditional knowledge, Gastrointestinal complaints, Budgam, J&K.

Bordering and Othering: Encounters at Shrine of Chamliyal at the India-Pakistan Border

ABSTRACT The paper examines the dynamics of bordering and othering at the shrine of Chamliyal situated at the India-Pakistan border in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The shrine is believed to be more than three-hundred-year-old, represents the social and cultural ties that predate the political differences and territoriality implicit in the India-Pakistan border. The reverence towards the shrine from people in adjoining villages on both sides of the international border present it as an “outlier” seemingly contrary to the formal and popular articulations of nationalist identities evoked by the India-Pakistan border. Following a constructivist approach, the paper explores how the border is socially constituted by the borderlanders in their narratives and practices at the shrine. In the borderlands, these narratives and practices present an array of characteristics that oscillate through assertion, negotiation, and challenge the hegemonic articulations of national identity.

Socio-economic Status of Vegetable Growers in Jammu Region of Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory

Socio-economic Status of Vegetable Growers in Jammu Region of Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory

Communication blackout and media gag: State-sponsored restrictions in conflict-hit region of Jammu and Kashmir

ABSTRACT The communication restrictions in Indian administered Kashmir has come to an end on 5 February 2021, the ban on high-speed internet was going on since 5 August 2019 when Narendra Modi led government stripped Article 370 of the Indian constitution that provides quasi-autonomy to the region. Though Kashmiris are very much used to these kinds of blackouts but what makes it unprecedented is the duration of this longest ever communication blockade [550 days] in the history of any democracy. These challenges, coupled with intimidation, threats and movement restrictions by the state make it too difficult for the media to operate freely in the region. This paper is an attempt towards analysing the events after the abrogation of Article 370 and the impact it has on press freedom in the region. Also, an effort has been made to understand the perception of local journalists reporting from ground zero post August 2019.

Bottlenecks in Production and Marketing of Apple in Mountainous and Inaccessible Areas of Chenab Valley

Background: An attempt has been made in this study to identify the limitations encountered by the apple farmers in production and marketing which stall its growth in the study area. The present study has been carried out in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir union territory with special emphasis on selected districts which fall under Chenab Valley, which is mostly hilly terrain and mountainous, as these regions had the highest area and production under apple crop.Methods: The primary data has been collected by survey method by interviewing the apple farmers as well as different market functionaries directly through an especially prepared and pre-tested schedule. The Identified constraints of the farmers in the production and marketing of apple had been ranked by making use of the Garrett’s Ranking Technique.Result: The analysis of the study revealed large number of constraints in the production and marketing of the commercial varieties of apple in a selected area, out of which occurrence of apple disease such as Stem Black, Powdery Mildew, Scab, Nectaria Twig Blight, Alternative Twig Blight, Peppery Dark/Pink Disease. Similarly, some of the common pests reported are: Woolly Aphids, San Jose Scale, Stem Borer, Root Borer, Bark Borer had been the major problem faced by the Growers, high labor cost, lack of latest technical knowledge, high cost of transportation, lack of transportation facilities and costly packing material have been identified as the major problems. In order to overcome the marketing problems of the study area apple producers should be organized as federation, cooperatives and union. The study calls for all government and non-governmental organizations to work together to expand and improve apple production and establish apple marketing hub for tackling the bottlenecks in the expansion of apple crop in the study area.

Pattern of cytogenetic abnormalities in syndromic mental retardation/intellectual disability in Kashmir region of Jammu and Kashmir

ObjectiveIn mental retardation/intellectual disability, genetic etiologies have been conventionally identified in about 40% of cases and chromosomal aberrations stand as the most prevalent genetic abnormality associated with it. So far, neither the frequency nor the nature of chromosomal abnormalities among patients with syndromic ID in this region of India is clear. Therefore, the present study was designed to identify the most common types of chromosomal abnormalities in syndromic intellectually disabled patients of Kashmir and to compare our results with those of similar studies reported elsewhere. MethodsCytogenetic analysis was carried out on 266 children diagnosed with intellectual disability with syndromic facies.Cytogenetic analysis was performed by using the GTG banding technique. ResultsCytogenetic analysis revealed chromosomal abnormalities in 69.17% of the selected cases. Free trisomy 21 was found to be the most common (84.23%) cytogenetic anomaly in these cases. Besides, mosaic trisomy 21 was observed in 9.78% of cases while 3.26% of the cases had trisomy 21 as a robertsonian translocation. Also cases with 47,XY, +21, t(5;19)(q13;q13.3) karyotype, 47,XX, +21, t(11;12)(11q12;12q24.2) karyotype and 47,XY, +21, inv9(p12;q13) karyotype, 46, XY, dup (21q22-qter) karyotype were observed. ConclusionThe cytogenetic analysis of intellectual disability cases of the present study reveals trisomy 21 as a major contributor in the syndromic mental retardation cases of Kashmir. Besides, the frequency of free trisomy of chromosome 21 and advanced maternal age in the syndromic cases of our study is much higher as compared to that reported by different studies across India.

Role of tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) as an aid in the diagnosis of tuberculosis disease and to identify persons with latent tuberculosis in highly endemic hilly region of Jammu and Kashmir

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and one of the major diseases affecting children throughout the world. Mantoux test and direct microscopic examination of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl–Neelsen staining are diagnostic and are widely being used. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Mantoux test and sputum smear examination as a diagnostic aid in latent TB. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted, among 100 suspected cases of TB, over a period of 14 months from May 2019 to June 2020. After obtaining informed consent, patients were subjected to all three diagnostic tests including the Mantoux test, sputum smear examination for AFB, and cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT). Results of Mantoux and sputum tests were compared with CBNAAT to assess the sensitivity and specificity of individual tests. Results: In our study, most of the patients (32%) belonged to the age group of 21–30 years. There was a slight female predominance in the study population (52% females and 48% males). Mantoux test was positive in 41 (41%) patients and negative in 59 (59%) patients. On sputum examination, 42 (42%) patients tested positive and 58 (58%) patients were negative. On CBNAAT, 74 (74%) samples were positive, 26 (26%) were found to be negative. The sensitivity and specificity of the Mantoux test were 49.35% and 86.95%, respectively, and 53.33% and 92%, respectively, for sputum smear examination. Conclusion: Mantoux test, sputum smear, and CBNAAT test when performed together act as an aid in diagnosing TB in patients with latent TB.

Retreat of Machoi Glacier, Kashmir Himalaya between 1972 and 2019 using remote sensing methods and field observations

Glaciers in the northwestern Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir have been reported to be retreating at higher rates as compared to other parts of the Himalayan arc. This study assessed area changes, frontal retreat, and geodetic mass balance of Machoi Glacier interspersed between the Greater Himalayan mountain range of Kashmir and Zanskar from 1972 to 2019. Further, the cryoconite, albedo, aerosol variability, and sediments in glacier ice were studied to correlate them with glacier recession. The glacier has lost an area of ~1.88 km2 (~29%) from 1972 to 2019 with a frontal retreat of 500 m at a rate of 10.6 m a−1. The geodetic mass balance analysis shows that the glacier surface lowered by 43.7 m losing 0.215 Gt from 2000 to 2011. The cryoconite holes on the glacier are mostly present in the ablation part having an average diameter of 5–7 cm. Both cryoconite holes and light-absorbing impurities in glacier ice show an inverse relation with altitude. Analysis of albedo data indicated no trend for the glacier, however, an insignificant decreasing trend was observed for the ablation zone of the glacier. The seasonal trends of albedo indicated a decrease during winter. The reanalysis data about aerosols indicated a significantly increasing trend from 1980 to 2018 and a decreased concentration in 2019 and 2020 owing to the prevailing COVID19 scenario. The receding glaciers in the region can severely impact the streamflow regimes, hydropower generation, and agriculture production in the region. However, more detailed in-situ data about glacier albedo, lithology, biophysical and chemical characterization of cryoconite holes, anthropogenic footprint and associated aerosol deposition needs to be generated to precisely ascertain their influence on glacier dynamics.

Molecular characterization of cherry virus a and prunus necrotic ringspot virus and their variability based on nucleotide polymorphism

A survey was conducted to know the incidence of viruses in apricot growing in the Srinagar and Shopian regions of Jammu and Kashmir during May 2015. A total of 52 leaf samples were obtained and virus infection was confirmed using nucleic acid spot hybridization (NASH) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The infectivity of cherry virus A (CVA) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) was found to be 44% and 98% by NASH and 36% and 77% by RT-PCR, respectively. Based on the sequence variability of RdRp, CVA isolates found globally have been grouped into six phylogroups (Group 1–6), whereas PNRSV isolates from India have been divided into three phylogroups (Group 1, Group 2A and Group 2B) based on coat protein gene. Our findings prove that PNRSV and CVA are the two significant viruses of apricot, with PNRSV being the leading cause of apricot necrosis in old orchards.

Ocular Ultrasonography and Echobiometry in Goats of Different Age and Breed

Background: Bhakarwali, a recognized goat breed of India is native to region of Jammu and Kashmir, plays a significant role in sustaining the livelihood of small and marginal farmers especially the nomadic tribes of Gujjars and Bhakarwals. Keeping in view, its importance to the farming community, high number of cases handled and lack of literature available in the country regarding baseline echobiometric values of eye in goats in general, the present study was undertaken.Methods: Ocular sonography and echobiometry was performed in Bhakarwali (n=60) and Non-descript goats (n=32) and normal echobiometric values for eye structures in different age groups were established.Result: There was significant (P greater than 0.05) increase in the different ocular echobiometric measurements as the animal aged. Further, echobiometric values were non-significantly higher in Bhakarwali goats than local non-descript breed in all the age groups.

Understanding Wikipedia Practices Through Hindi, Urdu, and English Takes on an Evolving Regional Conflict

Wikipedia is the product of thousands of editors working collaboratively to provide free and up-to-date encyclopedic information to the project's users. This article asks to what degree Wikipedia articles in three languages - Hindi, Urdu, and English - achieve Wikipedia's mission of making neutrally-presented, reliable information on a polarizing, controversial topic available to people around the globe. We chose the topic of the recent revocation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India, which, along with other recent events in and concerning the region of Jammu and Kashmir, has drawn attention to related articles on Wikipedia. This work focuses on the English Wikipedia, being the preeminent language edition of the project, as well as the Hindi and Urdu editions. Hindi and Urdu are the two standardized varieties of Hindustani, a lingua franca of Jammu and Kashmir. We analyzed page view and revision data for three Wikipedia articles to gauge popularity of the pages in our corpus, and responsiveness of editors to breaking news events and problematic edits. Additionally, we interviewed editors from all three language editions to learn about differences in editing processes and motivations, and we compared the text of the articles across languages as they appeared shortly after the revocation of Article 370. Across languages, we saw discrepancies in article tone, organization, and the information presented, as well as differences in how editors collaborate and communicate with one another. Nevertheless, in Hindi and Urdu, as well as English, editors predominantly try to adhere to the principle of neutral point of view (NPOV), and for the most part, the editors quash attempts by other editors to push political agendas.

Depression among pregnant women with husbands abroad: Case control study in hostile region of AZAD jammu and kashmir

IntroductionGoing abroad for employment is one of the common social problems which have been faced by the young males of developing countries. This included both highly qualified individuals as well as the labor class.ObjectivesTo determine the difference in the presence of depressive symptoms among pregnant women with husbands living abroad and those with husbands living with them in Azad Jammu and KashmirMethodsThe sample population comprised of pregnant women reporting for ante natal checkup at Amna hospital Rawalakot. Cases constituted the pregnant women with husbands living abroad while controls were the pregnant women with husbands living with them.PHQ-9 was used to record the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Age, gestation, parity, rural or urban origin, education, level of family income, daily contact hours on telephone or what’s app, previous pregnancy loss or complications, number of years abroad and visits to home per year were associated with depressive symptoms.ResultsMean age of the study participants was 29.73±5.395 years. 66 (66%) had significant depression in the case group while 14 (14%) had in the control group (p-value<0.001). Education and rural background had significant difference among the case and control group. Less number of visits per year of husband was strongly linked with presence of depressive symptoms among the cases.ConclusionsThis study showed a high frequency of depressive symptoms among pregnant women with husbands abroad as compared to those with husbands living with them. Special attention should be paid to the women whose husband had lesser number of visits to the country

An Efficiency Analysis of Micro Units in a Fragile Zone: A Panel Study of the Firms in J&K, India

The micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the community development in the developing world. In the fragile and backward regions, it is the micro enterprise that is considered to be the engine of growth and development. Being labour-intensive and requiring lesser capital input, the micro unit start-ups demand lesser investment in plant and machinery, attracting more and more potential entrepreneurs. Over the time, such units gain experience and knowledge becoming more efficient. This article studies the firms located in the fragile and geographically remote region of Jammu and Kashmir. The article uses a panel of 15 years from 2002 to 2016 based on the Annual Survey of Industries data. Using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis, the article studies the MSMEs and the micro units. From the post-estimation, technical efficiency scores are attained for both MSMEs and the micro units. The results reveal that the micro units are more efficient than the MSMEs in general. Tobit regression is used to estimate the technical inefficiency model to determine the factors that contribute to the inefficiency present in the micro units. The results show that there is a negative relationship between the efficiency of the micro unit firms and the asset-liability ratio and the loan-liability ratio, while there is a positive relationship between the private ownership of the firm and the efficiency level. Age of the firm is considered separately to validate the ‘learning theory’ by Jovanovic. The article concludes by suggesting that the government must provide adequate boost and a big-push to the micro units in order to eradicate the widespread unemployment and fragility in the region. JEL Classification: F61, L25

Socio-demographic profile of tobacco consuming students in age group of 15 to25 years in Jammu region

Introduction: Consumption of tobacco leads to a myriad of ill effects among the smokers as well as those in their proximity. This study was conducted in the population in the age group of 15-24 years, the vulnerable period of life when most of health-related behaviours develop. Materials and Methods: 1.Study design: Cross- sectional study. 2. Participants: 300 students; 75 each from Schools, degree colleges, professional colleges and post graduate departments of University of Jammu, in the age group of 15- 24 years belonging to different regions of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh. 3. Sampling: Stratified Systemic Sampling technique. 4. Study instrument: A subset of key questions from Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2nd edition. Results: Prevalence of smoking was 11.33%. Non indulgence in smoking was seen among students aged below 16 years, and was seen to be twice among over 20 years (16.77%) as compared to 17-19 years group (9.37%). Among male students, it was ten- times (20.66%) higher than females (2%). It was higher in government than in private institutions (13.33% vs. 9.33%). Prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption was 2%; 3.35% in ?20 years age group, 1.04% among 17-19 years and nil among ?16 year age. Male to female ratio was 5 to 1. Ratio of prevalence in Private institutions to government institutions was more than 3 to 1. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to curb the use of tobacco among the sub-groups of students with higher prevalence. This can be achieved by strengthening political and administrative will, implementing tobacco free school guidelines and establishing effective multi-sectoral coordination, as tobacco control is beyond the scope of health department. Keywords: Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, Global Adult Tobacco Survey, Non Communicable Diseases.

Diversity assessment and selection of superior Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees of seedling origin from North-Western Himalayan region

North-Western Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir has significant Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees, most of which are of seedling origin. The region have rich morphological, phenological, and carpological walnut diversity because of the large variability of native walnut, resulting from cross-pollination and seedling propagation. We studied 84 walnut accessions from this region to assess this diversity and identified trees with superior fruit traits. Studying the growth, leaf, phenological, inflorescence, and fruit characteristics show high variability. Nut weight (NW) ranged from 10.04 to 22.66 g, whereas kernel weight (KW) varied from 4.75 to 14.00 g. In this study, we recorded kernel percentage in a broader range from 30.64% to 61.78%, and shell thickness (ST) from 0.98 to 2.83 mm. The principal component analysis revealed that traits related to KW, kernel percentage, ST, NW, nut length (NL), kernel length (KL), and kernel width (KW) accounted for a large proportion of phenotypic variability. Cluster analysis divided accessions into four cluster groups. We identified three promising genotypes, such as JWSP-06, JWSG-43, and JWSD-59, after considering the important traits in a selection index. These promising genotypes will be used to the benefit of conservation research, cultivation, and breeding. Based on the observed differentiation of variation, it is concluded that the magnitude of phenotypic variation in the population under study is high, and the implication of the results will play a vital role in future walnut breeding programmes.

Redescription of Dalader acuticosta (Coreidae: Coreinae: Daladerini): First report from Jammu and Kashmir, India

Dalader acuticosta a member of Coreidae (Coreinae: Daladerini), has been reported first time from Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It belongs to the Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera, Family Coreidae, and Subfamily Coreinae. In India it is found in West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya and Himachal Pradesh. It is very beautiful bug. It is rare species and only two specimens have been collected on the ground with moist soil from Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir that too for the very first time. Earlier it was not reported from Jammu and Kashmir. Adults of Dalader acuticosta are fried and eaten in north-eastern India.

Identification of active fault topography along the Kishtwar Fault, Jammu and Kashmir, Northwest Himalaya, India

Kishtwar region of Jammu and Kashmir, India has been investigated to identify the traces of active faults preserved in the topography of the area. The objectives were achieved by geomorphic mapping with the help of satellite imageries (Cartosat-1 with 2.5 m resolution), detailed geological field investigations, shallow sub-surface geophysical mapping and the optical luminescence dating. Active tectonic landforms mapped in this study include Kishtwar rhombohedral basin, fault scarps, drainage offset, deformed recent sediments, uplifted lacustrine sediments and faulted river terraces. The evidence of active extensional topography reported here is from the compressional tectonic regime of NW Himalaya and is represented by the ~ 10 km long and 2–3 km wide Quaternary basin, interpreted as a tectonic graben. The basin is vaulted by normal faults, where master fault and the antithetic fault show continuous and en echelon behaviour respectively. The presence of normal fault system bounding the basin/graben, lead to hypothesize that the releasing bend of Kishtwar strike-slip fault is responsible for their origin. Detailed field investigation along these faults led to highlight their active nature and future prospects for palaeoseismic investigations. The active nature of these faults is supported by dip-slip movement, fault scarp, fault rupture and displacement in the Holocene and recent sediments. The spatial distribution of these features has been confirmed with the help of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating of the deformed units demonstrate that the displacement along the Kishtwar fault has occurred between 16.35 ± 2.13 to 13.14 ± 0.91 ka and 13.14 ± 0.91 to 7.89 ± 0.71 ka.

Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites (Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity) of Amlok (Diospyros lotus L) Fruit Extracts of Jammu Region

Amlok (Diospyros lotus L.) fruit is growing in the hilly areas of jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir India. It is locally known as amlok. This fruit has black color and small in size and astringent taste. Analysis of the fruit was done quantitatively and qualitatively for various secondary metabolites such as total phenols, quercitin, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins with the help of various standard methods. It was analyzed that the fruit contains the abundant amount of the tannins as compared to the rest of the metabolites. The antibacterial activity of the fruit extract shows it has great potential to provide defense against wide spectrum infections because of many pathogenic organisms. This fruit can provide defense against many diseases and carcinogenic infections because it contains the higher amount of the antioxidants as reveled with the help of the antioxidant power assay viz, DPPH Scavenging activity.