Southern Region Of Brazil Research Articles

Perceptions of Physical Education teachers from a metropolitan region of southern Brazil about the repercussions of the COVID-19 on their pedagogical practices

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact around the world, impacting various sectors of society, including education and consequently school physical education. In this way, we sought to investigate, through a descriptive-exploratory field research, with a qualitative approach to the data, the perceptions of Physical Education teachers from a metropolitan region of southern Brazil about the repercussions of the pandemic on their pedagogical practices. To this end, sixteen teachers participated in this study, nine from the public school system and seven from the private network, through semi-structured interviews, online, during the months of June and July 2021. The data, which were organized through the NVivo-12 software and analyzed by the content analysis technique, point to difficulties, facilities and learning resulting from experiences during the pandemic. Aspects of emergency remote teaching, the application of security protocols in physical education classes and the potential of physical education for students in the current and future context were addressed. From these findings it was possible to verify that these teachers needed, more than ever, to develop their adaptive skills. This is because this study demonstrated that Physical Education classes were the only time when children are out of the classroom, being perceived as a moment of liberation, after experiencing the restrictions imposed by the pandemic, considering that these teachers provide feelings of lightness, joy, and manifestation of expressions. Thus, the findings of this study can contribute to reflections and overcoming of future challenges related to the teaching of School Physical Education. For this, future research is needed to verify how these consequences are reverberating over time.

Cytogenetic study and pollen viability of <i>Diatenopteryx sorbifolia</i> Radlk.

The number of chromosomes and the meiotic characterization are important to studies involving genetic variability, germplasm and biodiversity. However, native forest species have not been sufficiently analyzed from a cytotaxonomic point of view. Therefore, the number of chromosomes, the meiotic behavior and the pollen viability of the Diatenopteryx sorbifolia Radlk were determined from five different accessions located in the southern region of Brazil. The species was considered diploid, 2n = 30 (x = 15), with regular meiotic behavior in phase I and absent in phase II, suggesting the presence of a genetic abnormality. Pollen grains infertility was between 57 and 67%. which may be associated to the formation of a low number of seeds in Diatenopteryx sorbifolia, probably due to the irregular behavior of the microsporogenesis.

Analyzing decision-making factors in the generational succession of rural youth

This paper analyzes the decision-making factors that influence the generational succession of young members or children of members of agricultural cooperatives in the grain, meat, and dairy segments in the southern region of Brazil. First, 25 factors that influence the process of generational succession, called decision-making factors, were identified through a literature review and dialogue with the cooperatives. Then, using the methodology adapted from Slack, Chambers and Johnston (2007), a sample of 308 young people between 18 and 30 years old evaluated the level of importance and performance of the decision-making factors indicated. In the respondents’ opinion, none of the 25 factors performed better than their importance, as all factors present the possibility of improvement. However, according to the evaluation methodology used in this paper, 20 factors (property size; access to technologies; access to media and information; labor availability; diversification of agricultural activities; income provided by agricultural activities; access to education; social interaction and number of people in the community; professional expectations; remuneration received by the youth; education; type of work performed; marriage; autonomy; family dialogue; encouragement and recognition; technical assistance; presence of the cooperative, union, and associations; and access to marketing) performed adequately and did not require improvements in any of the three cooperatives. On the other hand, five factors need improvement: leisure infrastructure; road infrastructure; social valorization; rural credit and public policies; and price, according to the grain cooperative; leisure infrastructure, road infrastructure, social valorization; and price, according to the dairy cooperative; and social valorization and price, according to meat cooperative. We concluded that a significant part of the factors (80 %) performed in an adequate way directly or indirectly in the three cooperatives. The youth of the three cooperatives indicated social valorization and price among the factors that need improvement. Thus, we highlight that agricultural cooperatives should seek to understand their role in the face of decision-making factors that need improvement and seek to improve them. • The young successors are mostly single and male. • Twenty-five decision-making factors were identified in the generational succession process. • None of the 25 decision-making factors performed better than its importance attributed by young people. • 80 % of the decision-making factors showed adequate performance. • Investments in improvements in technical assistance can generate positive impacts on young people and on the relationship with the cooperative.

Guidance on the use of therapeutic lying among caregivers of people with dementia by Speech and Language Pathologists

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic lying (TL) is often used in people with dementia (PWD) who present challenging behaviors. In 2006, the creation of a guideline protocol about how to use TL, demonstrates that it requires trained professionals. Considering TL as a communication strategy, speech and language pathologists (SLPs) can play a fundamental role in guiding caregivers regarding its use. This study aims at verifying if SLPs guide caregivers of PWD to use TL to manage difficult situations and its association with their knowledge and training on the technique.MethodData collection took place through an online questionnaire that obtained sociodemographic information from Brazilian SLPs and asked them to answer the following questions: Have you ever heard about TL? Were you taught about TL in your academic education? Have you ever guided family members or caregivers of PWD to use TL? The results were presented descriptively and the association between the frequency with which the participants have guided caregivers to use TL and their knowledge about the subject was verified through Chi‐square Test with a significance level of 5%.ResultThe final sample consisted of 72 individuals. There was a predominance of female (100%), specialization (48.6%) as the highest educational level and the southern region of Brazil (45.8%). SLPs who claimed to have heard about TL comprised 23.6% of the sample, only 8.3% said they had been taught about TL during academic education and almost half of the professionals (48.6%) reported having already guided caregivers of PWD on the use of TL. There was no statistically significant association between the frequency with which the participants have guided caregivers to use TL and the fact they have already heard about the concept of TL (p = 0.07) or have already received training on it (p = 0.36).ConclusionThe study showed that many professionals guide caregivers of PWD about the use of LT, however it happens without technical knowledge to do it properly. The work highlights the importance of including this subject in the academic education of these professionals.

Profile of patients with post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis in a tertiary care hospital in Brazil

Bronchiectasis are abnormal permanently dilated bronchi which lead to chronic cough and other respiratory symptoms. Though tuberculosis (TB) is a common cause of bronchiectasis, data on this association are scarce. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of patients with post-TB bronchiectasis at a tertiary hospital in the southern region of Brazil. This was a retrospective study with data from patients in follow-up at our hospital from January 2005 to December 2020. We included patients 14 years of age or older who had bronchiectasis on chest computed tomography and a history of pulmonary TB. We excluded patients with bronchiectasis due to other causes or with confirmed non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection. We included 54 of the 204 non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients seen at our hospital during the study period. Most of the patients were female, older, and non-smokers. Less than a third had chronic bronchial infection by some agent. More than two thirds had some type of ventilatory defect, the most common being obstruction. More than half had upper-lobe impairment. Severity of the disease seemed to be equally distributed from mild to severe. Treatment was varied, including bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, and azithromycin. We found that the profile of patients in our hospital is similar to that described in other studies, with slight differences in regard to microbiology and treatment.

Evaluation of Atmospheric Features in Natural Disasters due Frontal Systems over Southern Brazil

This study evaluated the atmospheric pattern precursors to the occurrence of natural disasters (ND) in the southern region of Brazil (SRB) due to the passage of frontal systems (FS). The results can be used as prognostics to assist in risk management with a set of preventive and mitigating actions in order to minimize the impact of natural disasters suffered by the population. The natural disasters data were provided by the Centro de monitoramento e alertas de desastres naturais (Cemaden). For atmospheric analysis we used ERA5 reanalysis data, and the precipitation dataset was estimated from Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. The most affected regions are the coast of Santa Catarina and the central-eastern region of Rio Grande do Sul. The results indicate that FS associated with ND are different from the other FS that affect the SRB. The observations were: a pattern of increase and accumulation of available convective potential energy west of the SRB before the event, especially in spring; a considerable increase in specific humidity at low levels associated with runoff east of the Andes; and an anticyclonic circulation at high levels similar to the Bolivian High. Analysis of rainfall behavior indicates that it is highest in the two days preceding the disaster. The mean precipitation values identified, together with atmospheric behavior observed in this study, allow us to identify the potential occurrence of a disaster in the cities of SRB in the passage of a frontal system.

Updated and referenced inventory of invasing exotic molluscs that occur in the State of Santa Catarina/ SC, Central Southern Brazil region

Introduction: Biological invasions, from molluscs among others, have been recognized as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity in the world, and when non-native species invade, they can modify the structure of the community and the functioning of ecosystems, in addition to representing a serious socio-economic threat. Objective: Updated general review of the inventory of invasive exotic molluscs occurring in the southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina/ SC. Methodology: An unprecedented organization of a reference database comprising the total knowledge generated around the topic in just over two decades of systematic regional research. Results and conclusions: Regional total confirmed and registered of 31 taxa/ species of invasive exotic molluscs (five (5) Bivalvia marihnos & 26 continental forms: nine (9) freshwater – five (5) Gastropoda & four (4) Bivalvia – as well as 17 terrestrial/ terrestrial Gastropoda), all verified through the global platform "MolluscaBase", taxonomically included in 29 genera (22 Gastropoda & 7 Bivalvia) and 21 families (15 Gastropoda & 4 Bivalvia), including additional information about their biogeographic distribution known in the territorial space of the State.

Falls Suffered by Hospitalized Adult Patients: Support to the Nursing Team as the Second Victim

Objective: To describe the support received by the second victim in falls suffered by hospitalized adult patients from the nursing team’s perspective. Materials and Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted in a large general hospital in the southern region of Brazil. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 21 nursing professionals (seven nurses and fourteen nursing technicians) selected by random sampling, who worked in the inpatient units where falls occurred with a level of harm ranging from moderate to severe during March and May of 2020. The data were submitted to content analysis from July to August of the same year. Results: On the one hand, from the nursing team’s perspective, support for the second victim was considered incipient by the hospital institution. On the other, participants highlighted the support received by their families and peers in the work environment. The study followed the guidelines of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Conclusions: An institutional flow of support for the second victim needs to be formalized to mitigate the repercussions on staff.

The influence of people management practices on a culture of lean manufacturing

Purpose – This article aims to assess the perception of the influence of people management practices on the process of implementing a lean manufacturing culture. Design/methodology/approach – The sample consisted of 303 respondents from five textile companies located in the southern region of Brazil, being collected by accessibility and convenience. Multiple regression analysis was used for data treatment and analysis. Findings – As a result, the research showed that people management practices (recruitment and selection, retaining talent, people development, and work environment) influence the implementation of lean manufacturing in organizations. In contrast, the working contract practice did not show an influence on the implementation of lean manufacturing. Research limitations/implications – The use of a certain market segment considering a cross-sectional view can be considered a limitation of the study, therefore, the data may not express the results that would be obtained if analyzed in different market segments. Practical implications – Pragmatically, it can be considered that this research contributes so that the main organizational managers can choose the most appropriate people management practice during the process of implementing a lean manufacturing culture, that is, investing essentially in retention and employee training. Originality/value – This study is relevant and contributes to the expansion of scientific studies about people management practices and the implementation of lean manufacturing. In addition, the study allows managers of textile organizations to understand the level of implementation of lean manufacturing, and which people management practices should be prioritized in the adoption of lean.

Analysis of Extreme Rainfall and Natural Disasters Events Using Satellite Precipitation Products in Different Regions of Brazil

The number of natural disasters triggered by extreme events is increasing worldwide and significantly impacts modern society. Extreme rainfall is one of the most important factors contributing to these events. A better understanding of the physical process that causes extreme rainfall can allow rapid responses from decision-makers to lessen the impact of natural disasters on the local population. Satellite monitoring is widely used for this purpose and is essential for regions where terrestrial observations are limited or non-existent. The primary purpose of this study is to describe the performance of satellite products for extreme rainfall events that caused natural disasters in various climate regimes in Brazil and discuss the contribution of mesoscale convective systems (MCS) to these events. We defined regions based on the climatological rainfall distribution. Cases with rain values above the 99th percentile during 2012–2016 were considered statistically extreme. Our analysis is based on three datasets, with precipitation from (i) rain gauge stations, (ii) different satellite-based estimates, and (iii) mesoscale convective tracking data. The methodology was based on identifying extreme rainfall events, analyzing the performance of satellite precipitation estimates and, finally, quantifying the influence of convective systems on extreme rain. Although all regions of Brazil may be affected by natural disasters caused by extreme rains, the results suggest that the impacts caused in each region are different in magnitude. Convective systems explained over 90% of extreme rains in the case analyzed in Brazil’s south and about 60% to 90% of extreme rains in the case analyzed in the Northeast. In general, satellite products have identified rain events; however, in the southern region of Brazil, products have tended to overestimate rainfall, while other regions have tended to underestimate extreme rain values. The methods used in satellite precipitation estimation products have limitations to accurately identifying specific extreme rain events.

Functional Capacity, Lipid Profile, and Associated Factors in Older Adults Living in Urban and Rural Areas.

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, functional strength, aerobic capacity, and lipid profile of older adults living in urban and rural areas. For this purpose, 208 older adults were evaluated (132 living in rural areas and 73 living in urban areas). Sociodemographic data were collected, and functional strength, aerobic capacity, and lipid profile of older adults living in the southern region of Brazil were evaluated. Only total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were associated with place of residence (p < 0.05), and living in the countryside was associated with low aerobic capacity (p=0.010). The use of medication (OR = 3.01; p=0.012) and smoking (OR = 0.30; p=0.027) were the only variables that explained aerobic performance, regardless of place of residence. In conclusion, place of residence is not a factor that, alone or in combination with other conditions, affects the functional performance or lipid profile of the older adult population.

Mite fauna abundance and composition on apples in southern Brazil

The production of apples (Malus domestica: Rosaceae) in Brazil is concentrated in three states in the southern region of the country. This crop is of great economic importance for the region, and is usually susceptible to infestations of mite populations. However, recent surveys of mite species associated to apples are scarce. The aim of the present study was to fill this void by analyzing species abundance and composition on three apple cultivars in the southern region of Brazil. The survey was carried out in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC), and Paraná (PR). A total of 94 apple orchards were evaluated (43 Gala, 40 Fuji and 11 Eva), in 19 municipalities. Twenty plants were sampled from each orchard in March 2019, with four leaves collected from each plant, thus totaling 80 leaves/orchard. Mites were screened and identified in the Laboratório de Acarologia of Universidade do Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES. Data were analyzed using the R software with mixed generalized linear models, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and PERMANOVA. A total of 4,909 mite specimens were identified, belonging to eight species and six genera, of which 1,833 were classified as phytophagous, 1,758 as predators, and 1,318 as generalists. The most abundant phytophagous species was Aculus schlechtendali (33.55%), followed by the predator Neoseiulus californicus (33.14%) and by the generalist Tarsonemus (Tarsonemus) sp. (23.99%). Abundance was similar between Eva and Fuji cultivars. However, these cultivars differed in composition, as did Eva and Gala. The mean number of mites found in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul was similar, although Paraná had a higher number. Species composition also differed among the three states evaluated. Considering the importance of the apple production in the southern region of Brazil, studies on species composition and abundance are important, aiming to monitor potential damage-causing organisms to the crop and associated predators.

The Dominance of Borrowers and Savers Credit Unions

This paper addresses the determinants of dominance by resource borrowers or savers in credit unions in the southern region of Brazil. The study is a prevalence of previous and convergent work that discuss the dominance and its effects. In order to evaluate the influence of the determining factors on credit unions about the type of domination, we adopted panel date the multivariate analysis technique. The results of the study pointed out that the objects investigated present dominance of members who are credit borrowers, and present determinant factors that are significant and that influence the rate of domination of the borrower. The proposition becomes relevant by contributing with empirical evidence already existing in other contexts. Given the growing participation of credit unions in the economy, and their impact on local development. Conflict of interests of the participants allied to the analysis of an environmental, balanced or turbulent context, can influence the movements, policies or group arrangements. Investigations that deal with decisions and power relations between quota holders, whether as board members or even managers, in a dual or trial function appearing to be important in future studies.

Higher Educational Management: Challenges and Perspectives in Small and Medium-Sized Universities in Southern Brazil

In contemporary Brazil, while many social changes are taking place, higher education institutions face difficulties in harmonizing the quality of education with responsible, efficient management and sustainability. This study aimed to analyze the actions of managers for corporate educational governance in private small and medium-sized universities, in the Southern region of Brazil. The investigation is qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory with primary data collected from semi-structured interviews with fifteen owners, executives, and managers of different private universities, analyzed with the content analysis technique. Our results point to educational governance as a management enhancer, as it gives direction, integrates the organization, and ensures institutional value, by monitoring and evaluating results in a sustainable way. Educational governance supports transparency, equity, and corporate responsibility. It is concluded that it is necessary to incorporate educational corporate governance with the inclusion of the principles of educational management and academic innovation together with university social responsibility to facilitate a transformative learning experience in higher education institutions.

Variations in pink-shrimps Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and F. paulensis juvenile abundance: clarifying ecological patterns and providing subsidies to management in shallow marine ecosystems

In Brazilian marine ecosystems, Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and F. paulensis are caught around 40-meter isobath, whereas in shallower waters (<20 m), juveniles are caught as bycatch in fisheries targeting other shrimp species. Despite their importance in fisheries, the ecology of the two Farfantepenaeus species is not well understood. Their recruitment patterns still are not clear and both species in adult phase are landed as pink shrimp, making evaluations impossible. In this study, we focused on evaluating a 23-year fisheries-independent dataset, seeking to clarify recruitment patterns and to relate them to El Niño Southern Oscillation events and environmental factors in the Ubatuba Bay, a traditional trawling area in Southeast Brazil. Generalized Additive Models indicated that both species shared some patterns in early life stages, being more abundant between January to April, when granulometry presented Phi ≤ 4.5, and salinities and temperatures are higher than 35 and 25 ºC, respectively. Also F. paulensis abundance increased under El Niño events. The higher capture of Farfantepenaeus spp. in a period with intense trawling activity and prior to the closed season (March to May) indicated that populations are not adequately protected in the study area. Beyond highlighting the role of shallow marine areas as potential nursery ecosystems for species of pink shrimp, these results provide evidence to support the fishing closed season in the southeastern and southern regions of Brazil.

New strategy using plant growth regulator AVG to increase fruit set on apples in mild climatic region in southern Brazil

New strategy using plant growth regulator AVG to increase fruit set on apples in mild climatic region in southern Brazil

Situation of the systematic non-marine molluscs inventory in Santa Catarina's State/ SC, Central Southern Brazil region: review of their present taxonomic status and adjustments in the frame of reported species

An updated overview of the inventory of non-marine molluscs occurring in the southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina/ SC is finally presented, involving a verified total of 250 species (211 Gastropoda &amp; 39 Bivalvia), among which at least 53 (49 Gastropoda &amp; 4 Bivalvia) exhibit radicals synonymical changes recently reported through the global platform "MolluscaBase", taxonomically included all in 101 genera (88 Gastropoda &amp; 13 Bivalvia) and 39 families (34 Gastropoda &amp; 5 Bivalvia). Additional informations about their known biogeographical distribution in the territorial space of the State is included.

Emergence and Spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern Delta across Different Brazilian Regions.

ABSTRACTThe SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC) Delta was first detected in India in October 2020. The first imported cases of the Delta variant in Brazil were identified in April 2021 in the southern region, followed by more cases in different regions during the following months. By early September 2021, Delta was already the dominant variant in the southeastern (87%), southern (73%), and northeastern (52%) Brazilian regions. This study aimed to understand the spatiotemporal dissemination dynamics of Delta in Brazil. To this end, we employed a combination of maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods to reconstruct the evolutionary relationship of 2,264 VOC Delta complete genomes (482 from this study) recovered across 21 of the 27 Brazilian federal units. Our phylogeographic analyses identified three major transmission clusters of Delta in Brazil. The clade BR-I (n = 1,560) arose in Rio de Janeiro in late April 2021 and was the major cluster behind the dissemination of the VOC Delta in the southeastern, northeastern, northern, and central-western regions. The AY.101 lineage (n = 207) that arose in the Paraná state in late April 2021 and aggregated the largest fraction of sampled genomes from the southern region. Lastly, the AY.46.3 lineage emerged in Brazil in the São Paulo state in early June 2021 and remained mostly restricted to this state. In the rapid turnover of viral variants characteristic of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Brazilian regions seem to occupy different stages of an increasing prevalence of the VOC Delta in their epidemic profiles. This process demands continuous genomic and epidemiological surveillance toward identifying and mitigating new introductions, limiting their dissemination, and preventing the establishment of more significant outbreaks in a population already heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.IMPORTANCE Amid the SARS-CoV-2 continuously changing epidemic profile, this study details the space-time dynamics of the emergence of the Delta lineage across Brazilian territories, pointing out its multiple introductions in the country and its most prevalent sublineages. Some of these sublineages have their emergence, alongside their genomic composition and geographic distribution, detailed here for the first time. A special focus is given to the emergence process of Delta outside the country’s south and southeast regions, the most populated and subjects of most published SARS-CoV-2 studies in Brazil. In summary, the study allows a better comprehension of the evolution process of a SARS-CoV-2 lineage that would be associated with a significant recrudescence of the pandemic in Brazil.

Performance Measurement Model for Sustainability Assessment of the Swine Supply Chain

In this paper, a model and a set of indicators for evaluating the sustainability in swine supply chains are presented and discussed. Using the Delphi method, environmental, social and economic indicators were identified (namely environmental performance indicators to evaluate soil, water, air, energy and environmental practices; social performance indicators related to human capital and social interaction; and economic performance indicators that address labor remuneration and return on investment). Subsequently, the proposed sustainability assessment model was applied for validation purposes in three different companies belonging to the swine supply chain in the southern region of Brazil. This study differs from previous ones by focusing on the sustainability assessment of the upstream and downstream of the supply chain, which are responsible for significant impacts. The performance of the studied companies from the three triple bottom-line (TBL) dimensions is significantly different. Both negative and positive impacts were found to be related to most of the specific metrics. The economic dimension presented a better performance than the environmental and social ones. Furthermore, there was a predominance of negative impacts in the environmental dimension, in relation to the soil, water, air, and energy indicators. Thus, specific actions, strategies, and policies must be designed for the different companies towards an effective and comprehensive sustainability throughout the swine supply chain. The proposed model can be extended to other companies in the same supply chain, replicated in other livestock and agribusiness industries and supply chains (such as cattle and poultry), and it can be used in different locations and including additional indicators and metrics.

Soybean cultivars subjected to narrow row spacing and plant populations in early sowing in subtropical region in southern Brazil

Spatial arrangement between plants and sowing time used are decisive practices for obtaining adequate agronomic performance in soybean crop. The aim of this work was to evaluate morphological attributes, yield components and grain yield of soybean cultivars installed with different row spacing and seeding densities, in early (10/04/2017) and conventional (11/08/2017) sowing dates in subtropical climate region in southern Brazil. The experimental design was in a 2×2×4 factorial arrangement: soybean cultivars BRS 433 RR (MG 5.8) and BRS 1003 IPRO (MG 6.3) installed with row spacing of 25 and 50 cm and seeding densities of 160,000; 240,000; 320,000; and 400,000 viable seeds ha-1. Morphological attributes and yield components are altered by spatial arrangement between plants and cultivar, with variable responses according to the sowing date. In the early sowing date, soybean has yield raise due to the increase in seeding density with different responses between cultivars. In the conventional sowing date, soybean installed with 25-cm row spacing has an increase in 1000-grains weight. In the conventional sowing date, there is an increase in soybean yield installed with 25-cm row spacing associated with a seeding density of 320,000 to 400,000 viable seeds ha-1.