The Chernobyl fallout was estimated in Emilia-Romagna, a Northeastern region of Italy. Nuclide composition of airborne and the time evolution of the radioactivity were investigated. The comparison of the activity ratio of103Ru to137Cs allows to conclude that Italy was not influenced by the first release. The trend of the total activity and137Cs percentage in rain water was very similar to those of air particulates. A calculation model to estimate137Cs deposition onto the ground has been developed and validated by comparison of the calculated and experimental values for soil samples. The activity range was 2–40 kBq ·m−2.