Region In August Research Articles

A new loxosomatid species from the Kuril-Kamchatka trench area: Loxosomella marcusorum sp. n., the first record of hadal Entoprocta

The first hadal entoproct, Loxosomella marcusorum sp. n., is described from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (45°57′ N, 152°53′ E). It was collected from depths of 6202–6204 m during the German–Russian deep-sea expedition (KuramBio II) aboard the R/V Sonne to the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench region in August–September 2016 (cruise SO-250). The species is up to 685 μm in length, with 10–12 tentacles, with the latero-frontal budding area located at the level of the bottom of a stomach. The stalk ends with a star-shaped plate. L. marcusorum sp. n. is an epibiont of echiurid Thalassema sp. This is the first record of an entoproct living on the body surface of echiurids. A list of all the described deep-sea loxosomatid entoprocts is provided.

Mineral composition of vegetable marrows leaves

The aim of the research was to conduct a comparative study of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of macro- and microelements in the leaves of vegetable marrows of three varieties – with white, yellow and green fruits.Materials and methods. The objects of study – the leaves of vegetable marrows of three varieties – were harvested in Kharkov region in August 2018. To determine the qualitative composition and quantitative content of macro- and microelements, the atomic-emission spectroscopy method with photographic registration on the DFS-8 device was used.Results. It is established that the studied raw materials have at least 19 elements. The following elements accumulated in the vegetable marrows leaves in the largest amounts (mg/100g): potassium (4080.0–8150.0), calcium (1830.0–2630.0), silicon (510.0–2000.0), magnesium (610.0–1050.0), phosphorus (245.0–750.0), sodium (75.0–122.0), iron (10.0–92.0), aluminum (25.0–105.0), zinc (21.0–30.6) and manganese (6.6–7.9).Conclusions. As a result of atomic-emission spectroscopy with photographic registration, the element composition has been established in the vegetable marrows leaves of three varieties. 19 elements have been detected, of which the content of potassium, calcium, silicon, magnesium and sodium dominated in studied raw materials. The results indicate the prospects of studying the leaves of vegetable marrows as a source of macro- and microelements, as well as an available type of medicinal plant raw materials with a sufficient raw material base for creating new medicines on their basis.

The Linguistic Dilemma in Namibia’s Zambezi Region: Is the dominance of the Silozi language a curse or a blessing? Zambezi Region: Is the dominance of the Silozi language a curse or a blessing

The geographically isolated Zambezi Region, formerly known as the Caprivi Region/Strip is the land of contrasts with a history unique to Namibia. In this part of the country, people are geographically, socially, culturally and linguistically different fromthe rest of Namibia. The Region is home to about eight (8) languages and language groups, viz Subia, Yeyi, Fwe, Totela, Mbukushu, Barakwena, Mbalangweand the region’s lingua franca, Silozi. Despite their Bantu provenance and classification, the languagesof the Zambezi Region are somehow different to those of a similar nature in mainland Namibia, and are much closer to those of nearby Zambia and Botswana. The Silozi language is the most dominant in the Region and exclusively used in most domains of local governance at the expense of other indigenous languages of the Region. Technically, it can also be argued that Silozi is not a Namibian language, but rather that of neighbouring Zambia where it is spoken as a first language by close to a million people. How Silozi became part of Namibia’s eight (8) nationally recognised languages is largely historical and political and this was discussed in this paper. The frequent political tension in the region is often exacerbated by linguistic differences. It is this linguistic and political differences which are partially blamed for the formation of the secessionist movement called the Caprivi Liberation Army which launched a short lived insurrection against the Namibian state in the region in August of 2009. It is fromthis premise that the paper intended to investigate how and why Silozi became the dominant language mostly used in the region and how this impacts the development of other indigenous languages

Intra-pixel variability in satellite tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> column densities derived from simultaneous space-borne and airborne observations over the South African Highveld

Abstract. Aircraft measurements of NO2 using an imaging differential optical absorption spectrometer (iDOAS) instrument over the South African Highveld region in August 2007 are presented and compared to satellite measurements from OMI and SCIAMACHY. In situ aerosol and trace-gas vertical profile measurements, along with aerosol optical thickness and single-scattering albedo measurements from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), are used to devise scenarios for a radiative transfer modelling sensitivity study. Uncertainty in the air-mass factor due to variations in the aerosol and NO2 profile shape is constrained and used to calculate vertical column densities (VCDs), which are compared to co-located satellite measurements. The lower spatial resolution of the satellites cannot resolve the detailed plume structures revealed in the aircraft measurements. The airborne DOAS in general measured steeper horizontal gradients and higher peak NO2 vertical column density. Aircraft measurements close to major sources, spatially averaged to the satellite resolution, indicate NO2 column densities more than twice those measured by the satellite. The agreement between the high-resolution aircraft instrument and the satellite instrument improves with distance from the source, this is attributed to horizontal and vertical dispersion of NO2 in the boundary layer. Despite the low spatial resolution, satellite images reveal point sources and plumes that retain their structure for several hundred kilometres downwind.

Spatial and temporal patterns of deformation at the Tendaho geothermal prospect, Ethiopia

Observations of ground deformation in East Africa have been fundamental for unveiling the tectonics of continental rifting, assessing the seismic and volcanic hazard to development, and identifying geothermal resources. Here we investigate the active natural and anthropogenic processes in the Tendaho Graben, Afar using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) collected by the Envisat satellite in 2004–2010. We used the Poly-Interferometric Rate And time series Estimation (π-RATE) method to calculate displacement in satellite line-of-sight, and a least-square inversion to decompose the line-of-sight displacement into vertical and rift perpendicular components. We observe two zones of deformation: a 20 km wide circular region of subsidence located 10 km northeast of the town of Semera with a maximum displacement rate of ∼5 cm/yr; and elongated zone (50 km) of subsidence in the area of the geothermal prospect, maximum rate of ∼4 cm/yr. The temporal characteristics of subsidence varies between these zones, with an increase in subsidence rate observed in the circular region in August 2008. We used a Bayesian inversion to find the best fitting source models and compared this to locations of seismicity and other geophysical observations. The pattern of deformation is consistent with a combination of magmatic and geothermal processes, but there does not appear to be a direct link to a sequence of dyke intrusions during 2005–2010 at Manda Hararo graben ∼60 km away, but dynamic stress changes or deep crustal flow could account for the observations.

Evaluation of the Microbiological Status of Raw Beef in Korea: Considering the Suitability of Aerobic Plate Count Guidelines.

This study was conducted to analyze the microbiological contamination status of raw beef distributed in Korea, and evaluate the suitability of current aerobic plate count (APC) guidelines. We analyzed five years (2010-2014) of microbiological monitoring data obtained from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and investigated the microbiological status of raw beef collected from meat packing centers and meat shops in the Seoul/Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Chungcheong regions in August 2015. From 2010-2014, most raw beef (>94%) displayed APC levels of < 1.0 × 106 CFU/g. However, raw beef samples collected from all three regions in August 2015 had comparatively higher APC levels than those reported in previous years. To evaluate the relationship between the APC level and quality, changes in beef loin were evaluated during cold storage for 15 days at 4°C. On day 11, the mean APC level (4.7 × 106 CFU/g) conformed to current guidelines in Korea (1.0 × 107 CFU/g) and the pH value was 5.82. However, the sensory evaluation score for color and overall acceptability was under 3.0, meaning that the beef loin was not acceptable for eating. These results suggest that current APC guideline for raw beef should be lowered to 1.0 × 106 CFU/g to improve both the microbiological safety and palatability of raw beef.

Cadophora malorum: A New Pathogen of Sunflower Causing Wilting, Yellowing, and Leaf Necrosis in Russia

Russia devotes more than six million hectares to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop every year being, together with Ukraine, the most important producer countries worldwide. From 2014 an increase of wilt diseases is being observed in the country. Plants with symptoms of wilting and leaf yellowing and necrosis were observed in two commercial fields and one demonstrative field trial in Orenburg region in August 2016, and in one commercial field in Saratov region in August 2015. Disease incidence was estimated between 15-30% depending on the field and yield from infected plants was near to zero. Four symptomatic plants per location were collected for observation and pathogen isolation. From each sample, the basal part of the stem was surface sterilized for 5 min in 10% sodium hypochlorite solution, rinsed in water, cut longitudinally and sections of the cortex with brownish appearance indicative of possible fungal colonization were incubated in water-agar medium at 25oC in darkness. Fungal colonies were c...

The outburst of the X-ray nova GRS 1739-278 in September 2016

During the scanning observations of the Galactic Center region in August - September 2016 we detected the new outburst of the historical X-ray nova GRS 1739-278, the black hole candidate LMXB system. In this letter we present results of INTEGRAL and Swift-XRT observations taken during the outburst. In hard X-ray band (20-60 keV) the flux from the source raised from $\sim$11 to $\sim$30 mCrab between 3 and 14 of September. For nearly 8 days the source has been observed at this flux level and then faded to $\sim$15 mCrab. The broadband quasi-simultaneous spectrum obtained during the outburst is well described by the absorbed powerlaw with the photon index $\Gamma=1.86\pm0.07$ in broad energy range 0.5-150 keV, with absorption corresponding to ${N_{H}}=2.3\times10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$ assuming solar abundance. Based on this we can conclude that the source was in the low/hard state. From the lightcurve and spectra we propose that this outburst was `failed', i.e. amount of accreted matter was not sufficient to achieve the high/soft spectral state with dominant soft blackbody component as seen in normal outbursts of black hole candidates.

Soviet and German plans and forces at the beginning of the fighting in the Kuban region in August 1942

Soviet and German plans and forces at the beginning of the fighting in the Kuban region in August 1942

레이더-위성자료 이용 다중센서 기반 초단기 강우예측 - 2014년 8월 부산·경남 폭우사례를 중심으로 -

본 연구에서는 2014년 8월 부산 경남 집중호우 사례를 대상으로 레이더와 위성결합 Multi-sensor Blending 초단기 강우예측을 실시하였다. 레이더 최적 Z-R관계는 열대형 강수 Z-R관계식(<TEX>$Z=32R^{1.65}$</TEX>)을 적용하였으며, 20 mm/h 이상의 강한 강우에서 강수량 추정 정확도가 향상됨을 확인하였다. 또한 60 mm/h 이상 강한 폭우사상에 대하여 천리안 위성자료와 레이더자료를 합성한 결과 정량강수 추정 성능이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 지속시간별 강우예측 정확도 검증을 위하여 AWS, MAPLE 자료와 비교결과, 강우예측 1시간까지 약 50%이상의 지점강우예측 정확도를 확보하였으며, 10분 단위 예측시간별 상관계수는 0.80~0.53, 평균제곱근오차는 3.99~6.43 mm/h로 분석되었다. 본 연구 결과 레이더와 위성정보를 이용한 보다 신뢰성 있는 강우예측 정보 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되며, 향후 지속적인 사례연구와 레이더 위성 활용 정량강수량 추정 및 예측, 그리고 위성강수 추정 알고리즘 개선의 노력이 필요하다. In this study, we developed a multi-sensor blending short-term rainfall forecasting technique using radar and satellite data during extreme rainfall occurrences in Busan and Gyeongnam region in August 2014. The Tropical Z-R relationship (<TEX>$Z=32R^{1.65}$</TEX>) has applied as a optimal radar Z-R relation, which is confirmed that the accuracy is improved during 20mm/h heavy rainfall. In addition, the multi-sensor blending technique has applied using radar and COMS (Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite) data for quantitative precipitation estimation. The very-short-term rainfall forecasting performance was improved in 60 mm/h or more of the strong heavy rainfall events by multi-sensor blending. AWS (Automatic Weather System) and MAPLE data were used for verification of rainfall prediction accuracy. The results have ensured about 50% or more in accuracy of heavy rainfall prediction for 1-hour before rainfall prediction, which are correlations of 10-minute lead time have 0.80 to 0.53, and root mean square errors have 3.99 mm/h to 6.43 mm/h. Through this study, utilizing of multi-sensor blending techniques using radar and satellite data are possible to provide that would be more reliable very-short-term rainfall forecasting data. Further we need ongoing case studies and prediction and estimation of quantitative precipitation by multi-sensor blending is required as well as improving the satellite rainfall estimation algorithm.

Psychiatrists Who Volunteered After Katrina Look Back on Lessons

Psychiatrists Who Volunteered After Katrina Look Back on Lessons

Contribution of transpiration and evaporation to precipitation: An ET‐Tagging study for the Poyang Lake region in Southeast China

AbstractIn this study, a regional climate model‐based evapotranspiration tagging (ET‐Tagging) algorithm has been applied for the first time over Southeast China. Fifteen month simulations (October 2004 to December 2005) were performed to investigate where and to which extent the tagged evapotranspired water from the Poyang Lake region returns to the land surface as precipitation. The contributions of direct evaporation and transpiration were estimated separately using an extended ET‐Tagging partitioning algorithm. In 2005, the contribution of moisture originating from the Poyang Lake region to the local annual precipitation in Southeast China reaches a value of up to 1.2%. A maximum contribution of 6% is found near the Poyang Lake region in August. In 2005, 69% of total tagged precipitation originates from direct evaporation of water whereas 31% from transpiration. In winter, precipitation originating from transpired moisture only accounts for around 10% of the total tagged precipitation, but in the summer season the contribution of transpiration increases up to 50%. To explore the source‐target relations under consideration of the respective precipitation regime, we introduce source‐specific precipitation efficiencies. For the period under investigation, the efficiency for direct evaporation generally dominates, except during the comparatively dry August and in the winter months. Our study shows that the location and the magnitude of tagged precipitation show large spatial and temporal variations. The comprehensive interactions between land surface characteristics and synoptic weather conditions control the annual cycle of the individual contributions to precipitation, emphasizing the important impacts of vegetation cover and land use on the atmospheric hydrological cycle.

Ultra rare Paraplectana sakaguchii Uyemura, 1938 (Araneae:Araneidae) new to Korean spider fauna

Paraplectana sakaguchii Uyemura, 1938 is a ultra rare species belonging to Araneidae worldwide. This species was collected by sweep net between the shrubs at the foot of mountainous region in August, 2012. This species is briefly described and illustrated in this report. The spider genus Paraplectana is also newly recorded to Korean spider fauna.

Impacts of Additional HONO Sources on Concentrations and Deposition of NO&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt; in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China

This study applies the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) to examine impacts of three additional HONO sources, i.e., the reaction of photo-excited NO2 (NO2*) with water vapor (NO2* chemistry), the NO2 heterogeneous reaction on aerosol surfaces and HONO emissions, on concentrations and deposition of individual NOy species over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH) in summer and winter periods of 2007. The results show that the three additional HONO sources produce a 20%∼40% (> 100%) increase in monthly-mean OH concentrations in many urban areas in August (February), leading to a 10%∼40% (10%∼100%) variation in monthly-mean concentrations of NOx, NO3− and PAN, a 5%∼10% (10%∼40%) increase in the total dry deposition of NOy, and an enhancement of 1.4 Gg N (1.5 Gg N) in the total of dry and wet deposition of NOy over this region in August (February). These results suggest that the additional HONO sources aggravate regional-scale acid deposition, emphasizing the importance of the additional HONO sources in the NOy budget.

Chaetoceros gracilis AS A BIOINDICATOR OF SEDIMENT QUALITY

&lt;p&gt;Chronic sediment toxicity tests could be used to evaluate the effects of sediment on critical stages in the life of an organism like invertebrate larvae and microalgae. Microalgae play an important role in aquatic ecosystem due to their role as producer in food chain producing organic matter and oxygen through photosynthesis process. This paper aimed to assess sediment quality of Semarang water using chronic sediment toxicity test. Research was conducted by testing 13 sediment samples from Semarang coastal region in August, 2010. Results showed that sediments exposed for 96 hours were still able to stimulate the growth of &lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;gracilis&lt;/span&gt; eventhough the copper concentration was above standard value provided by the CCME. The conclusion from this research was that sediment in Semarang still in good condition and can support growth of C. gracilis as primary producer. Chronic sediment toxicity test using C. gracilis could be combined with heavy metal measurement for sediment quality asessment.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Keywords: sediment, bioindicator, diatomae, &lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;C.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;gracilis&lt;/span&gt;, chronic toxicity, Semarang&lt;/p&gt;

Chaetoceros gracilis AS A BIOINDICATOR OF SEDIMENT QUALITY

Chronic sediment toxicity tests could be used to evaluate the effects of sediment on critical stages in the life of an organism like invertebrate larvae and microalgae. Microalgae play an important role in aquatic ecosystem due to their role as producer in food chain producing organic matter and oxygen through photosynthesis process. This paper aimed to assess sediment quality of Semarang water using chronic sediment toxicity test. Research was conducted by testing 13 sediment samples from Semarang coastal region in August, 2010. Results showed that sediments exposed for 96 hours were still able to stimulate the growth of C. gracilis eventhough the copper concentration was above standard value provided by the CCME. The conclusion from this research was that sediment in Semarang still in good condition and can support growth of C. gracilis as primary producer. Chronic sediment toxicity test using C. gracilis could be combined with heavy metal measurement for sediment quality asessment. Keywords: sediment, bioindicator, diatomae, C. gracilis, chronic toxicity, Semarang

Characteristics of hospitalized patients with severe and non-severe pandemic influenza a (H1N1) in Saurashtra Region, India (two waves analysis)

Background:In India, the first case of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection was reported in May 2009 and the same in Saurashtra region in August 2009. We describe the epidemiology and factors associated with severe and non-severe cases of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection reported in the Saurashtra region.Materials and Methods:From September 2009 to January 2011, we reported 511 patients who were infected with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus and admitted in different hospitals of Rajkot city. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to confirm infection. Factors associated with severe cases were determined by comparing with non-severe cases.Results:Out of 511 patients, 140 had severe disease (requiring intensive care or died) and 371 non-severe diseases (admitted in wards and survived). Median age of 30 years; median time of 5 days from onset of illness to diagnosis, and 4 days median time was reported for hospital stay among severe disease patients. More than half (60.7%) were females. Out of the patients with severe disease, 52.1% patients residing in urban area (OR = 1.68, CI = 1.13-2.49). Significant association was reported among severe disease patients for delayed referral from general practitioner/physician after initial treatment. All patients received antiviral drug, however, only 27.1% received within 2 days of illness. Presence of coexisting condition (pregnancy (OR = 0.19, CI = 0.08-0.48) was strongly associated with severe disease.Conclusion:Delayed referral from general practitioner/physician, duration of antiviral treatment, presence of coexisting condition (i.e., pregnancy) were responsible for intensive care or mortality among severe influenza A (H1N1) illness.

Process analysis of regional ozone formation over the Yangtze River Delta, China using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality modeling system

Abstract. A high O3 episode was detected in urban Shanghai, a typical city in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in August 2010. The CMAQ integrated process rate method is applied to account for the contribution of different atmospheric processes during the high pollution episode. The analysis shows that the maximum concentration of ozone occurs due to transport phenomena, including vertical diffusion and horizontal advective transport. Gas-phase chemistry producing O3 mainly occurs at the height of 300–1500 m, causing a strong vertical O3 transport from upper levels to the surface layer. The gas-phase chemistry is an important sink for O3 in the surface layer, coupled with dry deposition. Cloud processes may contribute slightly to the increase of O3 due to convective clouds or to the decrease of O3 due to scavenging. The horizontal diffusion and heterogeneous chemistry contributions are negligible during the whole episode. Modeling results show that the O3 pollution characteristics among the different cities in the YRD region have both similarities and differences. During the buildup period, the O3 starts to appear in the city regions of the YRD and is then transported to the surrounding areas under the prevailing wind conditions. The O3 production from photochemical reaction in Shanghai and the surrounding area is most significant, due to the high emission intensity in the large city; this ozone is then transported out to sea by the westerly wind flow, and later diffuses to rural areas like Chongming island, Wuxi and even to Nanjing. The O3 concentrations start to decrease in the cities after sunset, due to titration of the NO emissions, but ozone can still be transported and maintain a significant concentration in rural areas and even regions outside the YRD region, where the NO emissions are very small.

Tales of quakes and consequences garner 2012 AGU journalism awards

When a court last month convicted seismologists of wrongdoing for how they characterized earthquake risk in the weeks preceding a deadly 2009 temblor in the city of L'Aquila, Italy, the verdict shocked scientists around the world. More than a year before that judgment came down, freelance reporter Stephen S. Hall had explored the legal case and its implications for scientists and for society in an article published in the 15 September 2011 issue of Nature. Because of the deep and compelling way in which Hall reported on the case, AGU in July chose Hall as the 2012 winner of the Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence in Science Journalism ‐ Features. Remarkable coverage of an earthquake also stood out for judges of the other of this year's AGU journalism honors: the 2012 David Perlman Award for Excellence in Journalism ‐ News. Also in July, AGU selected a team at The Washington Post, including two staff writers, Brian Vastag and Steven Mufson, and the Post's graphics staff, to receive the Perlman Award for their superb reporting on the unusual 5.8 magnitude earthquake that shook the Washington, D. C., region in August 2011.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 2009 pandemic influenza A in hospitalized pediatric patients of the Saurashtra region, India

BackgroundThe first case of 2009 pandemic influenza A or H1N1 virus infection in India was reported in May 2009 and in the Saurashtra region in August 2009. We describe the two waves clinicoepidemiological characteristics of children who were hospitalized with 2009 influenza A infection in the Saurashtra region.MethodsFrom September 2009 to February 2011, we treated 117 children infected with 2009 influenza A virus who were admitted in different hospitals in Rajkot city. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was used to confirm infection, and the clinico-epidemiological features of the disease were closely monitored.ResultsIn the 117 patients, with a median age of 2 years, 59.8% were male. The median time from onset of the disease to influenza A diagnosis was 5 days, and that from onset of the disease to hospitalization was 7 days. The admitted patients took oseltamivir, but only 11.1% of them took it within 2 days after onset of the disease. More than one fourth (29.1%) of the admitted patients died. The most common symptoms of the patients were cough (98.3%), fever (94.0%), sore throat and shortness of breathing. Pneumonia was detected by chest radiography in 80.2% of the patients.ConclusionsIn children with infection-related illness, the survival rate was about 71% after oseltamivir treatment. The median time for virus detection with real-time RT-PCR is 5 days. Early diagnosis and treatment may reduce the severity of the disease.