Groundwater Regime Research Articles

Taming the groundwater in rural Asia: The biopolitics of constructing groundwater‐scape

In this paper, we leverage on a case study about the governance of groundwater and the hazard of land subsidence in Yunlin, Taiwan, to address the state's political strategies of producing ‘hydro‐social territories’. Our goal is to examine how local agents and their knowledge of the socio‐technological system shape groundwater use, with particular attention on how that system has changed due to the governmentalized regulation of groundwater resources as a means to mitigate land subsidence. Drawing from the local agrarian development and its tube well irrigation networks that underlie the groundwater‐scape in this research, the paper demonstrates that the ‘hydro‐social territory’ itself is complicated, as local farmers who rely on groundwater are never fully controlled by the state, regardless of whether or not they use groundwater for agricultural cultivation or other purposes, yet at the same time, the intention of governmentalizing the local groundwater regime is concealed and has become more concrete with the introduction of new sciences and technologies.

Land use-land cover anomalies and groundwater pattern with climate change for Western Vidarbha: a case study

The study investigates the land cover degradation over 30 years of period from 1985 to 2015 and its impact on the groundwater regime for the Western Vidarbha region of Central India. Land use/land cover (LULC) data for four different time spans via 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015 were obtained from Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). Along with that, a time-series analysis was carried out using two data sets: historic gridded rainfall data (1964–2013) from India Meteorological Department (IMD), Pune, and future predicted data (2024–2095) from the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune. The increase in land use to cropland and a decrease in rainfall trend apparently mark the probability of groundwater exploitation of the region. Groundwater mapping of the study area has been evaluated using well data collected from the Central Ground Water Board (1996 and 2017). The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test is used for time series analysis and ArcGis 10.2 software was used for the generation of groundwater potential maps. The relation between changes in the land cover pattern, rainfall, and groundwater is identified and it is observed that there is a direct linkage between anthropogenic land degradation, erratic rainfall pattern, and depleted groundwater resources. A sustainable water supply plan, prioritizing the factors like rainfall pattern, nature of catchment, and land use/land cover characteristics should be defined to the region for overcoming future shortage and vulnerability.

Monitoring of land surface subsidence using persistent scatterer interferometry techniques and ground truth data in arid and semi-arid regions, the case of Remah, UAE

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is located in an arid desert climate with very limited water resources and scarce rainfall. Along with the fast development of the country, the water demand for agriculture, industrial, and domestic purposes increased and led to diminishing groundwater resources. In this study, we explore the land surface deformations due to groundwater overexploitation in the agricultural area of Remah by analyzing Sentinel-1 data between 2015 and 2019 with the novel Parallelized-Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (P-PSI) technique. The detected land surface deformations have been correlated to the recorded groundwater levels at nearby water wells. This study detected land surface deformations in a form of an extensive subsidence bowl (with 28.5 km in diameter) with a maximum subsidence rate of 40 mm/year and a standard deviation within the bowl of less than 2 mm/year. The detected subsidence was associated with a 12 m drop in the water table level within the study area. The Persistent Scatterers with the highest deformations rate were spatially correlated with the depression cone of the groundwater level. These findings provide useful insights in understanding the groundwater regime of the area and have an important role in assessing regional hazards and driving mitigation measures towards managing uncontrolled groundwater overexploitation for sustainable management of groundwater resources.

Dams and reservoirs in karst? Keep away or accept the challenges

The distribution and flow of groundwater in karstified rocks can be extremely complex and not readily predictable, a far from friendly environment for constructing dams and reservoirs. There have been many expensive failures such as unacceptable leakage rates at and around dams, and/or reservoirs that could not be filled to the design levels. This is never the fault of site geology but always of human mistakes due to inadequate investigation programmes and/or erroneous interpretation of the karst processes at work. Remedial works are expensive, time-consuming and frequently do not justify the money invested. As a result, those undertaking engineering works in karst terrains may approach with two fears—of the exceptional risk and/or of a failure. The key question, so often, is whether to build the dam in karstified rocks or keep away from such a risky environment. However, construction of water storage reservoirs is essential in many karst regions for socio-economic development. The challenge must be accepted. Based on much field experience, the best practices for selection of adequate dam and reservoir sites are defined and illustrated with specific examples from many different climatic, topographic, lithologic and hydrogeologic settings in Europe and Asia. This work emphasises that the amount of certainty or uncertainty in the crucial parameters—geological structure, groundwater regime, intensity and depth of karstification—should be recognized.

МІНЛИВІ РИТМИ В РЕЖИМІ ҐРУНТОВИХ ВОД ТА ЇХНІЙ ЗВ'ЯЗОК З КЛІМАТИЧНИМИ ЧИННИКАМИ

Due to the anomalous changes in the groundwater regime over the past 5 years, the question arose about the adequacy and effectiveness of existing methods for predicting their level. The data of monitoring observations from 1951 in the upper part of the Southern Bug river basin are analyzed. The specific underground runoff to the river in the site of Khmilnyk was calculated by the finite difference method. It is established that at the end of the 80s of the last century a 7-8 year cycle began to appear in the fluctuations of the groundwater level (GWT) and groundwater runoff. It correlates well with the cyclicity of the air temperature, and, to a lesser extent, with the cycles of the monthly amount of precipitation. Instead, such rhythms are not at all typical of solar activity, which is characterized by 11-year and 5-6-year cycles. It is in connection with them that the heliosynoptic method of long-term prediction of RGV is based. It is likely that temperature changes occurring on Earth may change the "sun-induced" cyclicity of GWT, so this method of forecasting becomes ineffective. As there is no clear link between temperature changes and solar activity, it is possible that temperature changes are caused by human activity.From 2013-2015, with the beginning of the low water cycle in the study area, the anomalous minima in the GWT mode became more frequent and the cycles were transformed in the direction of their reduction (up to 5-6 years), which may indicate sharp changes in the nature of groundwater storage recovery. Deviations from 8-year cycles and differences in their duration in different parts of the same catchment area are primarily related to differences of GWT. Wavelet analysis was used as the main method of cyclic selection. Using multiple correlation analysis, it was found that in recent decades the temperature has reached a dominant position in terms of the impact on the groundwater regime (at their levels from 1.5 to 4.0 m). As a result, it was noted that our 7-8 year cycles are well traced during the relatively multi-water period caused by increased infiltration of groundwater due to increasing winter thaws (one of the most significant manifestations of global warming), and 5-6 year cycles correspond to low water periods.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ РЕЖИМА ЭКОНОМИИ ДРЕНАЖНО – СБРОСНОГО СТОКА НА РИСОВЫХ СИСТЕМАХ В МАЛОВОДНЫЕ ГОДЫ

The article addresses the issues of improving the regime of saving drainage and discharge water on rice systems in low-water years. The best conditions for rice development are created when there is a layer of water on the soil surface. Due to the presence of a layer of water and its regulation on the lands of rice systems, an optimal reclamation state is maintained. Volumes of supplied and withdrawn water from rice systems depend on relief, hydrogeological and hydrological conditions. The greatest impact on the volume of water supply and runoff is the spring flood, which falls on May - June months, which causes flooding of rice fields. The volume of drainage and discharge of rice irrigation systems of the North Caucasus is 20-75% of water supply. For rice systems located in the dryless and weakly drained zones of the Volga Delta, this volume is significantly larger and reaches 120% of the water supply. Significant filtration from the channels has a great influence on the regime of groundwater, leads to an increase in the level of groundwater in the channel zone, causing flooding, waterlogging and salinization of the territories adjacent to the channels, up to their withdrawal from agricultural use. Filtration losses from the inter-farm and intra-farm network depend on the nature of its clothes, the periodicity of work, the type of soils in which this network is laid, and the degree of turbidity of irrigation water. Depending on the different combination of these factors, the efficiency varies widely: from 0.40 to 0.97, determining a large range of losses for filtration and, accordingly, groundwater supply. In the course of the conducted studies, the regimes for improving the mode of saving drainage and discharge water on rice systems were justified precisely in low-water years. The use of various types of watering on checks and sprinkling with moisture-charging watering contributes to the removal of salts from the upper layers of the soil profile when mineralizing groundwater up to 5 g/l, and watering is desalinating.

ГЕОФИЛЬТРАЦИОННОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОД ЛЕБЕДИНСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ

Topicality: The problem of groundwater protection from pollution is nowadays an important part of environmental surveys. Due to the fact that the large scale of drainage works aimed at providing normal conditions for construction and operation of open pits lead to significant changes and disturbance of the natural regime of groundwater, monitoring of the state of water resources is an urgent task. Purpose: The purpose is to predict the impact of drainage system on groundwater, the development of a geofiltration model, which will allow to predict in detail the conditions of formation of filtration flow, level, quantity of reserves and quality composition of groundwater in the zone of influence of the quarry and the surrounding area. Method: Method of complex substantiation of optimal forecasting scheme with the help of created model. Results of the work: The results of the study of the state of groundwater before the Lebedinsky deposit and after. It was revealed that disturbed groundwater regime in the area of JSC Lebedinsky GOK pit location and in the adjacent territory depends on the Lebedinsky pit drainage system. To predict the impact of the drainage system on groundwater together with "Tsentrogiproruda" was created geofiltration model, which allowed a detailed prediction of the conditions of filtration flow formation in the zone of influence of the quarry. Conclusions: A slight decrease in groundwater levels in the area of the quarry and in the adjacent territory, as well as a decrease in groundwater reserves of "RSU" water intakes on the Albian-Cenomanian aquifer, which is in the zone of influence of the drainage system of the quarry, is predicted. Expansion of the quarry and the development of dumps will not lead to a change in the quality composition of groundwater.

Environmental Impacts of Invasive Alien Plant Species on the Biodiversity of the Nyika National Park, Rumphi District, Malawi

Invasive alien plant species have threatened the integrity of ecosystems and threatened biological integrity throughout the world. In the Nyika National Park, a number of alien invasive plant species have been reported. These invasive alien plants are reported to be very difficult that have caused adverse ecological, economic and social impact. The main objective of this study is to assess the environmental impact of plant invasive alien species in Nyika National Park in order to ascertain means of addressing the possible effects on the biodiversity. This study adopted an exploratory stance in order to answer the hypotheses where purposive and simple random sampling was used. Purposive sampling was only used to the staff of Nyika while simple random sampling was used to collect data from households surrounding Nyika National Park. The results revealed that invasive alien plant species have some ecological impacts of on the biodiversity of the Nyika National Park like change in physical habitats such as loss of native habitats, alteration of ground water regime, drying of rivers, loss of native species and alteration of biomass. The study would therefore be important to policy makers in guiding and development of policies and guidelines governing eradication of invasive alien plant species. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) can form partnership with various stakeholders with a clearly stated intention of developing a relationship, based on collaboration to enhance the control of invading alien plant species and the best management practices.

Управління геопросторовими даними для вирішення завдань радіогідроекологічного моніторингу на території проммайданчика Чорнобильської АЕС

Radiohydroecological monitoring has been carried out by the Department of Design of Facilities for Radiation-Nuclear Technologies of the Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine since 1996. Implementation of these activities involves the accumulation of a large amount of data. Hundreds of thousands of data are stored on electronic and paper media. Therefore, there is a problem of processing and analysis of various data groups for decades, geospatial data management. To solve this problem, we propose the use of digital cartographic analysis, data processing and visualization in space and time and the method of geoinformation modeling. To solve the problems of radiohydroecological monitoring, a project was created, where all archival and modern research materials from 1973 to the present were used to fill the geospatial database. Maintaining a geodatabase allows you to quickly obtain complete information on the hydrogeological conditions, the state of pollution of any point of the study area for the entire period of observations. For example, digital maps of the groundwater regime allowed clarifying the direction of the impact of radiation-hazardous objects after the reduction of the level in the cooling reservoir on the environment, and justifying the drilling of new wells for more effective monitoring. The use of GIS tools allows increasing labor productivity, reducing the cost of cartographic products and services for the creation and updating of cartographic products.

Hydrogeological investigation of soil salinity adjacent to a flood protection infrastructure

Groundwater modelling is a commonly used technique to determine the influence of surficial processes on subsurface aquifers. In this study, a groundwater monitoring study was conducted on an agricultural field adjacent to a large drainage canal to determine the effects of the canal's operation as it relates to soil salinity during periods around flood events. The groundwater monitoring program consisted of twenty standpipes instrumented with groundwater pressure transducers that took four daily measurements. A finite element model was generated using data collected from the 2017 flood year to determine the effect of the flood on the local groundwater regime within one area consisting of four standpipes. The analysis of the model calibration yielded good to excellent results using the Nash–Sutcliffe Model Efficiency technique, with three of the four standpipes. The salt content within the model area was primarily gypsum initially derived from the underlying till and bedrock units. Model analysis indicated that various processes might impact soil salinity, including canal seepage, evapotranspiration and excessive snowmelt/recharge. The largest flood event on record for the canal was used in the calibrated model to determine the maximum extent of influence the canal has on the adjacent lands. The maximum extent of impact was found to be 112 m in the alluvial sediments and 240 m in the surficial sand structure.

Analysis of the triggering mechanism of landslide in the village Podi, Montenegro

Frequent landslides in the flysch zones along the Adriatic coast commonly develop on the contact between the sound flysch and Quaternary sediments. The reason for this is most often the increased pore pressure and degradation of material due to inadequately regulated surface and groundwater. A case of one such landslide in the south-western part of Montenegro is presented in this paper. The disposal of construction waste materials above the location of the village Podi was followed by the occurrence of a landslide which affected 3.5 ha of slope and damaged 27 houses in the village. In the course of legal proceedings initiated against the contractor, a question arose of whether the deposited material could have triggered the landslide. Response to this complex question required a multidisciplinary approach, including also a numerical parametric analysis. The results of such analysis indicated that the improper depositing of material above the village induced the landslide activation for two reasons: an increase in shear stress and a change in the natural groundwater regime, which in turn affected elevation in the pore water pressure. Numerical analyses indicated that with a moderate water table rising, the factor of safety decreased by some 20%, which in case of an already conditionally stable slope is sufficient to initiate the terrain movement and formation of a landslide on a wider area.

Изучение гидрогеолого-мелиоративных процессов для улучшения мелиоративного состояния орошаемых земель Каратальского массива

The article gives a brief description of the economic activity on the Karatal irrigation massif. The factors influencing hydrogeological-meliorative and soil-meliorative conditions, the formation of level and hydrochemical regimes under the influence of irrigation are considered in order to identify the main patterns. Presented the results of observations, the conditions of land salinization are generalized and analyzed. Based on the analysis of the groundwater regime, the degree of soil salinity, information is provided on the areal distribution of groundwater by depth and mineralization, according to which the assessment of the reclamation state of the irrigated lands of the massif is given. On the basis of the performed assessment, recommendations for its improvement are given, since the study, assessment and control of the hydrogeological and meliorative condition of irrigated lands are necessary for the justification and implementation of measures that ensure favorable water and salt regimes, as a result of increasing the yield of agricultural crops.

Shallowing of the Svityaz Lake in the context of regional climate change

The paper analyzes the dynamics of the main climatic indicators in order to reveal the role of regional and local factors in the current changes in the water content of the Svitiaz Lake (NW Ukraine). The current state of study of the water balance of the lake and the factors that form it are estimated. The main trends for changes in the levels and regime of surface water, groundwater and artesian water in the territory of the Shatsk National Nature Park are identified. Quantitative data characterizing long-term and modern changes in water levels in the lake are presented. Shallowing of 2019 is characterized (the lowest water level over the last 50 years, reduction of the water mirror area by 8%). Based on statistical mathematical and cartographic analysis of climatic data provided by 17 meteorological stations in the region the dynamics of average annual, monthly and seasonal precipitation, evaporation and their spatial distribution were estimated. A significant increase in evaporation during the warm period of the year over the last decades (2000-2018) has been revealed. Changes in the amount and mode of precipitation over 2 long-term periods are estimated. The peculiarities of the dynamics of the main meteorological indicators in 2019 (average monthly and average annual air temperatures, relative humidity, precipitation amounts) were separately analyzed. Values of humidity coefficients and hydrothermal coefficients were calculated. The parts of the region with the lowest values of these indicators, including the catchment area of Lake Svityaz, are outlined and visualized on the map. The significant role of evaporation growth was confirmed given the consistent increase in air temperatures over the last 20 years. Given the Svityaz station data it is also calculated the correlation coefficients of water levels in the lake with the same indicators for the period since 1970. During the period of 2000-2018, a significant increase in the dependence of water levels on the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov was established, which may indicate a decrease in the ecological stability of the lake and its increasing vulnerability to climate change.

Optimization of groundwater monitoring network in terms of mass transfer modeling

In accordance with the ‘Requirements for Monitoring Solid Mineral Deposits’, groundwater monitoring is carried out in the area of the actual mineral deposit and man-made mining facilities, as well as in the zone of significant influence of the field development and other production activities of mining, which affect the subsoil and other components of the natural environment. The development of an underground water monitoring network using mathematical modeling is shown, the existing monitoring network is analyzed, the model of mass transfer of the main pollutant of underground water is developed, and the predictive calculations of mass transfer are performed. The migration model of the test area was created using MT3D program, which allows 3D modeling of mass processes in the flow of underground water. The boundaries of the model area are determined subject to the outline of the catchment area around the quarry, the project increase in depth and the project cut-back in the quarry, as well as to the presence of natural and man-made sources and facilities which can have influence on groundwater regime. The monitoring system allows regular-based observations toward prediction of changes in the condition of underground waters under the influence of the large-scale water withdrawal and other induced and natural factors. The introduction of such monitoring system can enable prevention of prevention of likely changes in the condition of groundwater and proper adjustment of drainage system operation. The numerical modeling data made it possible to optimize the cost of additional inspection well drilling.

Assessment of the impact of clear-cutting on groundwater regime in swampy habitats

The aim of the study was evaluation of clear-cutting effect on water regime in a tree harvesting area. The results were made based on the study carried out in the Rakowski Ditch catchment, in Wielkopolska lowland in Poland. It was found that a more useful method to establish the effects of clear-cutting is to compare the groundwater level (GWL) in the post-clear-cutting area with that in a control area than to analyse the GWL changes in the same area before and after the clear-cutting. Regression analysis is a particularly useful tool in groundwater regime analyses. The results obtained in this study indicated that the groundwater regime changes in the post-clear-cutting area that were manifested as an increase in the mean GWL. The major changes in the groundwater regime after clear-cutting were observed in the minimum levels, while the lowest changes took place in the maximum GWL. The variation in GWL was higher in the period after clear-cutting than in the period before it. The analysis of linear regression of GWL in the well located in the clear-cutting area and that in the control area confirmed the change in the groundwater regime in the post-clear-cutting area. Stronger relations in the period before clear-cutting were observed.
 Key words: clear-cutting, groundwater, forest catchment, swampy habitats

Assessment of the impact of clearcutting on groundwater regime in swampy habitats

The aim of the study was evaluation of clearcutting effect on water regime in a tree harvesting area. The results was made on the basis of the study carried out in Rakowski Ditch catchment, in Wielkopolska lowland in Poland. It was found that a more useful method to establish the effects of clearcutting is to is to compare the groundwater table level in the post-clearcutting area with that in a control area than to analyze the groundwater table level changes in the same area before and after the clearcutting. Regression analysis is a particularly useful tool in groundwater regime analyzes. The results obtained in this study indicated that the groundwater regime changes in the post-clearcutting area were manifested as an increase in the average groundwater levels. The major changes in the groundwater table after clearcutting were observed in the minimum levels, while the lowest changes took place in the maximum groundwater levels. The variation in groundwater levels was higher in the period after clearcutting than in the period before it. The analysis of linear regression of groundwater levels in the well located in clearcutting and that in the control area confirmed the change in the groundwater regime in the post-clearcutting area. Stronger relations in the period before clearcutting were observed. Key words: clearcutting, groundwater, forest catchment, swampy habitats

Modeling and forecasting of groundwater regime for rice systems as one of the main indicators of ameliorative state of the territory

Relevance of research. An important factor of the formation of the soil state of modern rice irrigation systems is water-salt, nutrient and groundwater regimes. Ground water level is one of the indicators of the technical state of rice irrigation systems. Direct correlative dependence of rice yield on the ameliorative state of the field is proved by many researchers. Maintaining of soil fertility when growing rise at a constant level is ensured by sustentation of the ground water level not less than 1,5 m from the surface in the inter-vegetation period. Measures to combat flooding in the territory are developed based on monitoring dates. GIS technologies should be used to quickly perform the assessment of conditions when man-made factors change.
 Objective of research is to develop the forecast models of the mail indicators of the hydro-ameliorative state of rice irrigation systems, particularly for ground water levels, for saving their fertility and increasing their efficiency. 
 Research methods. Mathematical-statistical, comparative and retrospective methods were used for analyzing the data base. The data from the Kakhovska hydrogeological and reclamation section of the Lower Dnieper BWMA as well as the data of own research over 28- year observations were used for model developing. The model of groundwater regime for the conditions of rice irrigation system was developed using the method of three-parameters smoothing, which takes into account seasonal fluctuations, in the program Statistica 10.0. The forecast was made for the period of 5 years for every month. The forecast models were developed for the experimental and production conditions. 
 Results. The difference in groundwater level during a year at rice irrigation systems ranges from 0,5 to 1,0 m from the surface. Maximum actual value of ground water level in experimental conditions was 4,25 m from the surface, minimum actual value was 0,15 m from the surface during the research period and they did not differ much from the model values. The sampling interval was 4,19 m for the actual data and 3,88 m for the model. Close relation between the model of ground water regime for experimental conditions and the actual data is confirmed by the correlation coefficient 0,96. The forecast of ground water regime of rice irrigation system for the experimental conditions shows that the groundwater level will decrease in the period of 2019-2024 years and will vary in the range of 1,20-2,23 m from the surface. 
 Maximum actual value of ground water level in the production conditions was 3,78 m from the surface, minimum one was 1,39 m from surface. Model data do not much differ from the actual values. The reliability of the developed model of ground water regime for the production conditions of rice irrigation systems is confirmed by the correlation coefficient 0,96. The forecast model of the groundwater regime developed for production conditions shows that the indicator will increase in the period of 2018-2023 years and will change in the range of 2,13-2,85 m from the surface.
 Conclusions. Forecast modeling of ground water regime of rice irrigation systems shows that ground water level will be deeper than 2,0 m from surface in inter-vegetation period in experimental and production conditions. The results of forecasting have proved that it is unlikely the occurrence of negative soil process due to ground water regime and a good hydrogeological-ameliorative state of experimental and production rice irrigation systems during the forecast period.

Assessment of Groundwater behavior in Kulpahar Watershed, District Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh, India

In hard rock terrain, the groundwater occurs in two zones viz. shallow zone (in overburden) and deeper fractured zones mainly through secondary porosity. The groundwater level through 23 observation wells (fifteen dug wells and eight piezometers) has been monitored during pre and post-monsoon periods. An attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of rainfall on the groundwater level in the hard rock area of Mahoba district in the Bundelkhand region. The study depicts the impact of rainfall over the long-term groundwater level trend and establishes a conceptual structure to understand the hydrological stress conditions. Due to overexploitation, the groundwater condition has reached to the category of a critical stage. The severity and duration of water-level responses to hydrologic stresses have been analyzed statistically as well as graphically. The groundwater level is spatially and temporally variable in hard rock area and essentially depends upon the amount of rainfall, geological condition, and topographic slope. The analyzed rainfall data have been graded as a good year and bad year based on the amount of precipitation. The long-term groundwater level trend (2006-2016) indicates a sharp decline in groundwater level trend in the western part due to higher base flow and poor recharge. On the other hand, due to the presence of thicker overburden and runoff accumulation therein, the groundwater level is rising in the northern part of the study area. It also validates that there is very fair control of slope and thickness of overburden on the groundwater regime apart from the rainfall.

Chromium Transport Modeling in Tannery Effluent from a Surface Water Body to Groundwater Regime: Case Study in Kodaganar Basin

Abstract Groundwater is the main source of water supply to the public in the upper Kodaganar basin in the state of Tamilnadu in India. Wastewater from the tannery industries of the basin is dischar...

Hydraulic Assessment of the Impacts of Gate Realization on Groundwater Regime

Presented paper deals with the hydraulic assessment of groundwater flow in the area affected by the realization of the hydraulic gate on the Klátov branch and in the adjacent territory of a dike, which is located on the right-side of Little Danube. This hydraulic assessment is part of the project of the Slovak Water Management Enterprise, which also aims to increase the height and seal the dike on the right-side of the Little Danube. Generally, the project is divided into three phases (Phase I, II and III) to implement different technical measures to protect the area from flooding. The assumption for the execution of the technical measures of the mentioned three project phases is a continuous flood protection of part of the Žitný ostrov area around the Little Danube and the Klátov River branch in the reach from Kolárovo to Jahodná town. Therefore, a 3D mathematical model was created to simulate groundwater flow by changing boundary conditions of surface water flow during flood periods.