Regenerative Methods Research Articles

P-68267924-1359 - Reversibility of Peri-implantitis with Regenerative Methods: case series report

P-68267924-1359 - Reversibility of Peri-implantitis with Regenerative Methods: case series report

Surgical regenerative methods for peri-implantitis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Surgical regenerative methods for peri-implantitis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Non-surgical pain management for hip joint disease in veterinary medicine.

The most common orthopaedic developmental disease in dogs is hip dysplasia. This condition results in coxofemoral laxity due to incongruity and lack of stabilisation of the joint by the soft tissues. Currently, there is no therapeutic plan to correct hip dysplasia without surgical intervention at a very early age. The goal of the non-surgical treatment is to relieve pain and stiffness and to increase the muscle strength, usually through hydrotherapy and the beneficial physical properties of water. Recently, there has been growing interest in regenerative medicine, which involves the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their products to alleviate the characteristic clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA). In vivo studies with canine MSCs have shown that an intra-articular injection of MSCs into cartilage lesions leads to the excellent regeneration of the hyaline cartilage. Regenerative medicine has undergone rapid development in recent years thanks to new therapies based on the application and combination of innovative biomaterials. One of the first known regenerative methods to be used in clinical practice was platelet-rich plasma (PRP). This review summarises the use and potential of MSCs and PRP, including their in vitro properties, their therapeutic effects in the treatment of cartilage lesions in preclinical in vivo studies, their clinical efficacy in the treatment of naturally occurring OA in dogs, and the current limitations of the studies.

Influence of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Recurrent Vesicovaginal Fistula-A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study.

Vesicovaginal fistula is a cause of deterioration in the quality of life. It is a communication between the bladder and vagina resulting in the uncontrollable leakage of urine through the vagina. Recently, regenerative methods have been used more frequently, and platelet-rich plasma is one of these methods. The functional properties of platelet-rich plasma are based on the synthesis and secretion of multiple growth factors released after platelet activation. The aim of this study was to investigate how platelet-rich plasma influences the condition of the tissue and the healing ability of the urothelium, vaginal epithelium and tissues surrounding the fistulous canal. The study included eight patients who had undergone the Latzko procedure aimed at closing the vesicovaginal fistula. Samples were collected during primary surgery without platelet-rich plasma and after failed surgery, during a second attempt. The specimens were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. The histology demonstrated that in platelet-rich plasma patients, greater vascularization and wider subepithelial mucosa layering was observed. Inflammatory infiltration in the subepithelial layer was increased in platelet-rich plasma patients. No localization differences in growth factor proteins were found in either group, but in platelet-rich plasma-patients, the reactions were stronger. It can be concluded that the use of platelet-rich plasma improves the morphological structure of the injected tissues.

Autologous bone plug-sliding with core decompression and bone marrow aspirate concentrate application: a joint-preserving surgical technique for corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head.

This study aimed to describe a surgical procedure for the management of corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and report its clinical results. The technique included harvesting a bone plug from the lateral femoral neck, core decompression, and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) application; the procedure was completed by press-fit insertion of the autologous bone plug in the debrided area. Autologous bone plug-sliding with core decompression and bone marrow concentrate aspirate application provides good clinical outcomes in the management of ONFH. A retrospective review was performed using records of patients operated on between October 2019 and June 2021. Only patients with Ficat-Arlet stage-2 ONFH, who underwent the procedure described, were included. Twenty- nine hips (18 patients) were included and evaluated clinically and radiologically. Clinical evaluation included the Harris hip score (HHS) and Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, while radiological evaluation included direct radiographs. The average age was 39.8 years (± 11.7, range: 24-65 years). The average follow-up was 13.5 months (± 3.4, range: 8-19 months). There were improvements in the VAS pain and Harris hip scores in all patients. Average HHS increased from 61.90 to 87.45 (p < 0.001), while the average VAS pain score decreased from 7.14 to 3.27 (p < 0.001). No complications were encountered in any of the patients during the follow-up. None of the patients had femoral head collapse on the latest radiograph or required total hip replacement. The combination of the novel autologous bone plug-sliding method with conventional regenerative methods is a successful treatment choice for ONFH.

Trends in soil organic matter and topsoil thickness under regenerative practices at the University of Washington student farm.

Conventional methods of agriculture, especially tillage, are often accompanied by soil degradation in the form of erosion and organic matter depletion. Regenerative agricultural methods seek to repair soil ecosystems by building topsoil and soil organic matter (SOM), decreasing reliance on chemical fertilizers and increasing both water retention capacity and the diversity and quantity of soil microbial and fungal communities. The University of Washington (UW) student farm is an organic and regeneratively managed site on the UW Seattle campus. Over the past 20 years the farm gradually expanded so locations on the farm encompass both unimproved topsoil and soils managed regeneratively for periods of 5 to 20 years. This arrangement allows a time-trend analysis of soil development under regenerative methods. Measurements of topsoil thickness (defined as the distance from the ground surface to the base of the soil A horizon) and organic matter content were collected across 14 distinct plots on the farm to quantify trends over time and estimate net change in SOM (and soil organic carbon, or SOC). While SOM content weakly increased by 0.5% per year, topsoil thickness exhibited a significant linear increase of 0.86 cm per year. Over a twenty-year period under the management practices of the UW Farm total organic carbon storage in soils, determined using topsoil thickness, density, and SOC content, increased by between 4 and 14 t ha-1 yr-1. The general increases in topsoil thickness, SOM content, and total soil carbon demonstrate the potential of soil-health-focused practices to help maintain a productive and efficient urban growing space.

Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles in treatment against renal fibrosis

AbstractBackgroundRenal fibrosis (RF) is the main pathological pathway of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Its main pathological feature is extracellular matrix aggregation in the renal stroma and glomerulus. There is currently no effective treatment to delay or treat RF. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent somatic stem cells that can direct differentiation, direct cell‐cell interactions and have secretory activity. The most important secretory activity of MSCs is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). At present, there is increasing evidence that EVs produced by MSCs may be used in regenerative methods of tissue repair.AimThe goal of this review is to present the latest efficacy of MSC‐EVs in the prevention, treatment and improvement of RF caused by acute and chronic kidney injury and reveals the molecular mechanism of MSCs in various models.Results and discussionMSC‐EVs show potential for RF by regulating autophagy, inhibiting apoptosis, countering oxidation, suppressing inflammation, reducing EMT and modulating angiogenesis.ConclusionMSC‐EVs show potential for treating RF. However, more studies establishing their safety, efficiency and specific mechanisms in the context of RF are still needed before further clinical application.

The seductive choreography of space: Learning regenerative design strategies from (cyborg) flowers

Unlike traditional net-zero emissions approaches, regenerative methods not only manage resources efficiently but also invigorate the environment. Architects focusing on regenerative design can draw inspiration from flowering plants, whose exceptional spatial strategies exemplify the choreography of ecosystem interactions that sustain fertility. The paper introduces the concept of &amp;ldquo;XENO,&amp;rdquo; an artistic installation comprising a robotic carnivorous plant, a mosquito, and a microbially-powered fuel cell, exhibited at CIVA, Brussels in 2023. This installation serves as an epistemic object, exploring complex energy system diversity, ethics, and interactions. XENO&amp;rsquo;s cyborgian elements encapsulate the intricate relationships and energy flows present in ecological architecture, highlighting the ethical concerns that exceed conventional eco-friendly practices, to explore life and death cycles, microbial decomposition, and material transformation within ecosystems &amp;mdash; all of which form the basis for new life. In this way, flower structures provide a creative lens for ecological architects to integrate scientific knowledge, societal values, and experience design in ways that foster diverse and ethically resonant energy exchanges that contribute to a more balanced and environmentally conscious future.

Nanotechnology translation in vascular diseases: From design to the bench.

Atherosclerosis is a systemic pathophysiological condition contributing to the development of majority of polyvascular diseases. Nanomedicine is a novel and rapidly developing science. Due to their small size, nanoparticles are freely transported in vasculature, and have been widely employed as tools in analytical imaging techniques. Furthermore, the application of nanoparticles also allows target intervention, such as drug delivery and tissue engineering regenerative methods, in the management of major vascular diseases. Therefore, by summarizing the physical and chemical characteristics of common nanoparticles used in diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases, we discuss the details of these applications from cellular, molecular, and in vivo perspectives in this review. Furthermore, we also summarize the status and challenges of the application of nanoparticles in clinical translation. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.

Renewable k-Out-of-n System with the Component-Wise Strategy of Preventive System Maintenance

At the SMARTY-22 conference, a review of the regenerative methods development was presented, including its application to the study of a non-renewable k-out-of-n system. This paper develops the previous study for the renewable k-out-of-n system, including an investigation different preventive maintenance strategies based on the system state observation. We also include the review of Smith’s regeneration idea development. Some new results are presented that form the basis for an algorithm for comparing preventing maintenance strategies with respect to the maximization of the availability factor. A numerical study was conducted for the 4-out-of-6 and 4-out-of-8 models. The study demonstrates the sensitivity of decision making to the shape of the repair time distribution.

Irreversible Electroporation Improves Tendon Healing in a Rat Model of Collagenase-Induced Achilles Tendinopathy

Background: Treatment of painful chronic tendinopathy is challenging, and there is an urgent need to develop new regenerative methods. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) can lead to localized cell ablation by electrical pulses and induce new cell and tissue growth. Previously, the authors’ group reported that electroporation-ablated tendons fully regenerated. Purpose: To assess the efficiency of IRE in improving tendon healing using a collagenase-induced Achilles tendinopathy rat model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: After screening for the IRE ablation parameters, a collagenase-induced Achilles tendinopathy rat model was used to assess the efficacy of IRE in improving tendon healing via biomechanical, behavioral, histological, and immunofluorescence assessments. Results: The experiments showed that the parameter of 875 V/cm 180 pulses could ablate most tenocytes, and apoptosis was the main type of death in vitro. In vivo, IRE promoted the healing process of chronic tendinopathy in the Achilles tendon of rats, based on biomechanical, behavioral, and histological assessments. Finally, immunofluorescence results revealed that IRE improved blood supply in the early stages of tendon repair and could potentially reduce neuropathic pain. Conclusion: IRE enhanced tendon tissue healing in a rat model of collagenase-induced Achilles tendinopathy. Clinical Relevance: IRE may as a potential alternative treatment for tendinopathy in clinical usage.

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Luminescence dating and firing temperature determination of ancient ceramics fragments from the Tunata-hill site in the Churajon archaeological complex in Arequipa, Peru

Ancient pottery fragments from the Tunata-hill site in Churajon archaeological complex, Arequipa, Peru, were dated by means of luminescence techniques such as thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) in order to provide absolute chronology. For TL, additive and regenerative methods were performed. For OSL a regenerative method was carried out for IRSL dating. A rigorous description of the study area and its context has been made. The ages of the samples were found to be between 0.50 ± 0.06 ky and 0.49 ± 0.03 ky for TL methods, and 0.49 ± 0.02 ky for OSL methods. On average, the estimated age by TL and OSL techniques is 490 ± 70 yr (1600 AD and 1460 AD). This means that Churajon ceramics under study would belong to the Late periods which corresponds to the Inca region, and the North sub-region of the Late Churajon phase, and the beginning of European colonization in Peru. X-ray fluorescence technique (XRF) analysis has shown the main presence of Fe (39.5%), Si (30.0%), and Al (10.4%) in fine pottery powder. Furthermore, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique was used to study the firing temperature using the iron signal (Fe3+) as a firing temperature reference. The firing temperature of ceramics was found to be around 550 ± 50 °C.

Effect of red and near-infrared irradiation on periodontal ligament stem cells: ROS generation and cell cycle analysis

Reconstruction of lost tooth structures and the periodontium with the help of tissue engineering has found a special place in dentistry in recent years with reports of great therapeutic success. Stem cells from the periodontal ligament have the potential for high differentiation into the bone and periodontal ligament cells and are therefore a suit candidate for regenerative therapies of the periodontium and other tissues. In this regard, the use of photobiomodulation on these cells by light irradiation can be effective in increasing the efficiency of these regenerative methods. The effect of red and near-infrared lasers was investigated in pulsed and continuous modes on the cell viability, ROS production and the cell cycle of Periodontal Ligament Stem cells (PDLSCs) using MTT assay and flowcytometry techniques. The result shows that both red and near-infra-red (NIR) irradiations at 3 J/cm2 maintain cell viability. ROS generation assay indicated that in PDL stem cells irradiated with NIR laser (940 nm), ROS production was greater than in the red (660 nm) irradiated groups. Cell cycle analysis revealed that NIR irradiation can enhance the proportion of S-phase cells and declinedecline the proportion of G1-phase cells compared to the red laser irradiation groups. Moreover, this enhancement was greater in the pulsed group compared to the continuous mode group. Overall, the current study results showed that photobiomodulation can support the cell viability of PDLSCs and could affect the ROS production and cell cycle. This effect was more with 940 nm (NIR) irradiation pulsed mode compared to 660 nm (red). Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Understanding Melasma-How Can Pharmacology and Cosmetology Procedures and Prevention Help to Achieve Optimal Treatment Results? A Narrative Review.

Melasma is a chronic skin condition that involves the overproduction of melanin in areas exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Melasma treatment is long-term and complicated with recurrence and resistance to treatment. The pathogenesis of melasma is highly complex with multiple pathologies occurring outside of the skin pigment cells. It includes photoaging, excessive melanogenesis, an increased number of mast cells, increased vascularization, and basement membrane damage. In addition, skin lesions related to melasma and their surrounding skin have nearly 300 genes differentially expressed from healthy skin. Traditionally, melasma was treated with topical agents, including hydroquinone, tretinoin, glucocorticosteroids and various formulations; however, the current approach includes the topical application of a variety of substances, chemical peels, laser and light treatments, mesotherapy, microneedling and/or the use of systemic therapy. The treatment plan for patients with melasma begins with the elimination of risk factors, strict protection against ultraviolet radiation, and the topical use of lightening agents. Hyperpigmentation treatment alone can be ineffective unless combined with regenerative methods and photoprotection. In this review, we show that in-depth knowledge associated with proper communication and the establishment of a relationship with the patient help to achieve good adherence and compliance in this long-term, time-consuming and difficult procedure.

Layered scaffolds in periodontal regeneration.

Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease in dentistry that may lead to tooth loss and aesthetic problems. Periodontal tissue has a sophisticated architecture including four sections of alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva, and periodontal ligament fiber; all these four can be damaged during periodontitis. Thus, for whole periodontal regeneration, it is important to form both hard and soft tissue structures simultaneously on the tooth root surface without forming junctional epithelium and ankylosis. This condition makes the treatment of the periodontium a challenging process. Various regenerative methods including Guided Bone/Tissue Regeneration (GBR/GTR) using various membranes have been developed. Although using such GBR/GTR membranes was successful for partial periodontal treatment, they cannot be used for the regeneration of complete periodontium. For this purpose, multilayered scaffolds are now being developed. Such scaffolds may include various biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors in a multiphasic configuration in which each layer is designed to regenerate specific section of the periodontium. This article provides a comprehensive review of the multilayered scaffolds for periodontal regeneration based on natural or synthetic polymers, and their combinations with other biomaterials and bioactive molecules. After highlighting the challenges related to multilayered scaffolds preparation, features of suitable scaffolds for periodontal regeneration are discussed.

Ensuring sustainable development of agriculture through the use of regenerative technologies

Environmental problems in agricultural production, aggravated by the deterioration of the nutrition structure of the population due to the growing consumption of low-quality products and environmentally polluted products, encourage the search for new approaches and management methods. An effective method of solving problems can be the introduction of innovations in the production of agricultural products based on the use of regenerative technologies. The article shows that meat production produces up to a quarter of all carbon emissions of greenhouse gases. It is proposed to use regenerative methods of agricultural production to reduce the impact on the environment. The study of these issues is relevant, since ecological agriculture is more stable during the crisis, and its development can contribute to the growth of related industries.

Stem Cell and Regenerative Methods for Space Personnel

Significant deterioration of organs and tissues occurs in astronauts as a result of cosmic radiation exposure. This is a major obstacle to the developing space industry involving extended space exploration, commercial asteroid mining and the colonization of Earth’s moon and Mars. Cosmic radiation includes galactic cosmic rays, and solar particle events of x-rays and gamma rays that penetrate deeply inducing DNA damage. Potential medical issues for astronauts arising from radiation include cancer, rapid aging, sterility, impaired immune system, re-emergence of pathogenic viruses, neurodegeneration and memory impairment. In summary, there are potentially catastrophic consequences for space personnel from prolonged exposure to radiation. Upregulating the regeneration of tissue using advances in stem cell technology would be a plausible method to counteract radiation damage triggering cellular degeneration. Stem cells are ‘survival’ cells and are responsible for the ongoing repair and regeneration of the human body. Increasing the number of available stem cells improves the regenerative capacity of the body. Current stem cell technology is not possible in space, as it requires multiple medical specialists using major hospital surgical and laboratory equipment. The authors have developed a portable stem cell biotechnology kit that is compact, lightweight, and simple to operate and could be performed by astronauts in space on a frequent basis to potentially regenerate affected tissue and reverse the effects of cosmic radiation. The technology uses laboratory validated peptide hydrogels for stem cell migration and expansion. The astronaut only requires donating a small amount of blood or adipose tissue. Preliminary analysis showed stem cells have high yield, excellent cell viability, and demonstrate normal stem cell health parameters of autophagy and annexin V. This approach may help to balance the degeneration / regeneration cycle of the body subject to radiation. Space personnel can be trained in a short period of time to perform the technology with safety and efficacy.

Sweat Gland Organoids Originating from Reprogrammed Epidermal Keratinocytes Functionally Recapitulated Damaged Skin.

Restoration of sweat glands (SwGs) represents a great issue in patients with extensive skin defects. Recent methods combining organoid technology with cell fate reprogramming hold promise for developing new regenerative methods for SwG regeneration. Here, a practical strategy for engineering functional human SwGs in vitro and in vivo is provided. First, by forced expression of the ectodysplasin‐A in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) combined with specific SwG culture medium, HEKs are efficiently converted into SwG cells (iSwGCs). The iSwGCs show typical morphology, gene expression pattern, and functions resembling human primary SwG cells. Second, by culturing the iSwGCs in a special 3D culturing system, SwG organoids (iSwGOs) that exhibit structural and biological features characteristic of native SwGs are obtained. Finally, these iSwGOs are successfully transplanted into a mouse skin damage model and they develop into fully functioning SwGs in vivo. Regeneration of functional SwG organoids from reprogrammed HEKs highlights the great translational potential for personalized SwG regeneration in patients with large skin defects.

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Chitosan Particles in Treatment of Intrabony Periodontal Defects: A Clinical Trial.

Objectives: Intrabony defects are among the most important signs of progression of periodontal disease. Complete tissue regeneration is the ideal goal of periodontal treatment, and regenerative methods aim to achieve this goal. New studies have reported the positive efficacy of chitosan to enhance the recovery of bony defects. This study aimed to clinically and radiographically assess the efficacy of chitosan particles for treatment of intrabony periodontal defects. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 18 intrabony three-wall periodontal defects were randomly divided into three groups (n=6). The control group only received conventional flap surgery with a sulcular incision. In the second group, low molecular weight (100,000-300,000g/mol) chitosan was used in the three-wall intrabony defects during surgery while high molecular weight chitosan particles (600,000-800,000 g/mol) were used in the third group. The probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographic defect depth (RDD) were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 months later. Repeated measures ANOVA, and McNemar’s test were used for statistical analysis. Results: In both the control (P<0.001) and coarse chitosan (P=0.035) groups, a significant difference was noted in PPD before and after surgery. CAL was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05). No significant difference was noted on radiographs between the groups regarding the regenerated bone density. Conclusion: Chitosan showed no positive efficacy for treatment of three-wall periodontal bone defects.