Dental Regeneration Research Articles

Three-Dimensionally-Printed Polymer and Composite Materials for Dental Applications with Focus on Orthodontics

Three-dimensional printing has transformed dentistry by enabling the production of customized dental restorations, aligners, surgical guides, and implants. A variety of polymers and composites are used, each with distinct properties. This review explores materials used in 3D printing for dental applications, focusing on trends identified through a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science. The most studied areas include 3D-printed crowns, bridges, removable prostheses, surgical guides, and aligners. The development of new materials is still ongoing and also holds great promise in terms of environmentally friendly technologies. Modern manufacturing technologies have a promising future in all areas of dentistry: prosthetics, periodontology, dental and oral surgery, implantology, orthodontics, and regenerative dentistry. However, further studies are needed to safely introduce the latest materials, such as nanodiamond-reinforced PMMA, PLA reinforced with nanohydroxyapatite or magnesium, PLGA composites with tricalcium phosphate and magnesium, and PEEK reinforced with hydroxyapatite or titanium into clinical practice.

Innovative 3D-Printed Titanium Specimens Favor a Modulation of Inflammation in Dental Pulp Stem Cells During Liposome-Triggered Mineralization.

developing customized titanium specimens, with innovative surfaces, is a suitable strategy to overcome implant failure. Additionally, a faster and efficient osteogenic commitment assists tissue regeneration. To investigate the interplay between inflammation and differentiation upon implantation, Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) were cultured on 3D-printed titanium owning an internal open cell form, administering osteogenic factors by a liposomal formulation (LipoMix) compared to traditional delivery of differentiation medium (DM). osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by western blot, by measuring β1 integrin expression, and by and real-time RT-PCR, by measuring SP7 and Collagen I gene expression; while.angiogenesis was characterized by measuring VEGF secretion levels. Matrix mineralization was assessed by means of Alizarin Red Staining, cell adhesion and inflammation responses through western blot, enzymatic and ELISA assays evaluating Nrf2 expression, catalase activity and Prostaglandin E2 secretion, respectively. LipoMix enhances cell proliferation and adhesion, as revealed by increased integrin β1 expression. Mineralized matrix deposition, SP7 gene expression, Collagen I release and Alkaline Phosphatase activity appear increased in LipoMix condition. Additionally, the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 is overexpressed at the earliest experimental times, triggering the catalase activity. data reported confirm that internal topography and post-production treatments on titanium surfaces dynamically and positively condition the DPSC progress towards the osteogenic phenotype, moreover, the combination with LipoMix fastens the positive modulation of inflammation under osteogenic conditions. Therefore, the development of customized surfaces along with the administration of differentiating factors enclosed in a liposomal delivery system, could represent a promising and innovative tool in regenerative dentistry.

The role of biophysical cues and their modulated exosomes in dental diseases: from mechanism to therapy.

Dental diseases such as caries and periodontitis have been common public health problems. Dental disease treatment can be achieved through stem cell-based dental regeneration. Biophysical cues determine the fate of stem cells and govern the success of dental regeneration. Some studies have manifested exosomes derived from stem cells could not only inherit biophysical signals in microenvironment but also evade some issues in the treatment with stem cells. Nowadays, biophysical cue-regulated exosomes become another promising therapy in dental regenerative medicine. However, methods to improve the efficacy of exosome therapy and the underlying mechanisms are still unresolved. In this review, the association between biophysical cues and dental diseases was summarized. We retrospected the role of exosomes regulated by biophysical cues in curing dental diseases and promoting dental regeneration. Our research also delved into the mechanisms by which biophysical cues control the biogenesis, release, and uptake of exosomes, as well as potential methods to enhance the effectiveness of exosomes. The aim of this review was to underscore the important place biophysical cue-regulated exosomes occupy in the realm of dentistry, and to explore novel targets for dental diseases.

Stem Cells: Present Understanding and Prospects for Regenerative Dentistry.

Regenerative medicine in dentistry focuses on repairing damaged oral tissues using advanced tools like stem cells, biomaterials, and tissue engineering (TE). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from dental sources, such as dental pulp and periodontal ligament, show significant potential for tissue regeneration due to their proliferative and differentiative abilities. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, evaluated fifteen studies and identified effective strategies for improving dental, periodontal, and bone tissue regeneration through scaffolds, secretomes, and bioengineering methods. Key advancements include the use of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to boost cell viability and manage inflammation. Additionally, pharmacological agents like matrine and surface modifications on biomaterials improve stem cell adhesion and promote osteogenic differentiation. By integrating these approaches, regenerative medicine and TE can optimize dental therapies and enhance patient outcomes. This review highlights the potential and challenges in this field, providing a critical assessment of current research and future directions.

Dentin Grafts: Navigating the Paradigm Shift in Regenerative Dentistry.

The biomaterial of dentin has emerged as a promising candidate for the tissue engineering of dental hard tissues. In bone tissue engineering, it may serve as either a scaffold or a reservoir of growth factors. The physical and chemical similarities between the dentin structure and bone have sparked scientific interest in using its features for the development of a new bone transplant material. Dentin, unlike hard and fragile enamel, is viscoelastic, making it a very effective bone replacement. The regeneration of pulp tissue has proven challenging due to its encasement in dentin, which lacks collateral blood flow except from the apical end of the root. Yet, the emergence of contemporary tissue engineering and the identification of dental stem cells have enabled experimentation with the regeneration of both pulp and dentin. This review will explain the different types of dentin grafts, their biocompatibility, safety, and effectiveness, along with difficulties. Additionally, the paper covers several strategies for creating autogenous dentin grafts and gives evidence-based insights into their clinical effectiveness. Overall, dentin grafts appear as a potential alternative to standard graft materials, stimulating tissue regeneration and enhancing patient outcomes in regenerative dentistry operations.

Impact of Polydeoxyribonucleotides on the Morphology, Viability, and Osteogenic Differentiation of Gingiva-Derived Stem Cell Spheroids

Background and Objectives: Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRN), composed of DNA fragments derived from salmon DNA, is widely recognized for its regenerative properties. It has been extensively used in medical applications, such as dermatology and wound healing, due to its ability to enhance cellular metabolic activity, stimulate angiogenesis, and promote tissue regeneration. In the field of dentistry, PDRN has shown potential in promoting periodontal healing and bone regeneration. This study aims to investigate the effects of PDRN on the morphology, survival, and osteogenic differentiation of gingiva-derived stem cell spheroids, with a focus on its potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative dentistry. Materials and Methods: Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and formed into spheroids using microwells. The cells were treated with varying concentrations of PDRN (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL) and cultivated in osteogenic media. Cell morphology was observed over seven days using an inverted microscope, and viability was assessed with Live/Dead Kit assays and Cell Counting Kit-8. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. The expression levels of osteogenic markers RUNX2 and COL1A1 were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RNA sequencing was performed to assess the gene expression profiles related to osteogenesis. Results: The results demonstrated that PDRN treatment had no significant effect on spheroid diameter or cellular viability during the observation period. However, a PDRN concentration of 75 μg/mL significantly enhanced calcium deposition by Day 14, suggesting increased mineralization. RUNX2 and COL1A1 mRNA expression levels varied with PDRN concentration, with the highest RUNX2 expression observed at 25 μg/mL and the highest COL1A1 expression at 75 μg/mL. RNA sequencing further confirmed the upregulation of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation, with enhanced expression of RUNX2 and COL1A1 in PDRN-treated gingiva-derived stem cell spheroids. Conclusions: In summary, PDRN did not significantly affect the viability or morphology of gingiva-derived stem cell spheroids but influenced their osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that PDRN may play a role in promoting osteogenic processes in tissue engineering and regenerative dentistry applications, with specific effects observed at different concentrations.

Role of Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in inducing odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells

Abstract Background: Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is an efficient, reproducible, and biological antioxidant of clinical utility, which may also be preferred for obtaining human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) for the purpose of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Aim and Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of PDTC on the propagation and differentiation of hDPSCs. Materials and Methods: hDPSCs were isolated by explant culture method and characterized for stem cell properties using flow cytometry method. The effects of PDTC-induced odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSC at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mM) were determined by staining for mineralization. Results: Mineralization was more prominent and significantly higher in the induced hDPSCs treated with 1.0 mM concentration of PDTC. Conclusion: PDTC at 1.0 mM concentration could have a significant pharmacological role in activating and enhancing odontogenic differentiation of dental stem cells and make it an important step in regenerative dentistry.

A novel injectable boron doped-mesoporous nano bioactive glass loaded-alginate composite hydrogel as a pulpotomy filling biomaterial for dentin regeneration

BackgroundDifferent materials have been used as wound dressings after vital pulp therapies. Some of them have limitations such as delayed setting, difficult administration, slight degree of cytotoxicity, crown discoloration and high cost. Therefore, to overcome these disadvantages, composite scaffolds have been used in regenerative dentistry. This study aims to construct and characterize the physicochemical behavior of a novel injectable alginate hydrogel loaded with different bioactive glass nanoparticles in various concentrations as a regenerative pulpotomy filling material.MethodsAlginate hydrogels were prepared by dissolving alginate powder in alcoholic distilled water containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBG NPs) or boron-doped MBG NPs (BMBG NPs) at 10 and 20 wt% concentrations. The mixture was stirred and incubated overnight in a water bath at 50 0 C to ensure complete solubility. A sterile dual-syringe system was used to mix the alginate solution with 20 wt% calcium chloride solution, forming the hydrogel upon extrusion. Then, constructed hydrogel specimens from all groups were characterized by FTIR, SEM, water uptake percentage (WA%), bioactivity and ion release, and cytotoxicity. Statistical analysis was done using One-Way ANOVA test for comparisons between groups, followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni adjusted significance level (p < 0.05).ResultsAlginate/BMBG loaded groups exhibited remarkable increase in porosity and pore size diameter [IIB1 (168), IIB2 (183) (µm)]. Similarly, WA% increased (~ 800%) which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Alginate/BMBG loaded groups exhibited the strongest bioactive capability displaying prominent clusters of hydroxyapatite precipitates on hydrogel surfaces. Ca/P ratio of precipitates in IIA2 and IIB1 (1.6) were like Ca/P ratio for stoichiometric pure hydroxyapatite (1.67). MTT assay data revealed that the cell viability % of human gingival fibroblast cells have declined with increasing the concentration of both powders and hydrogel extracts in all groups after 24 and 48 h but still higher than the accepted cell viability % of (˃70%).ConclusionsThe outstanding laboratory performance of the injectable alginate/BMBGNPs (20 wt%) composite hydrogel suggested it as promising candidate for pulpotomy filling material potentially enhancing dentin regeneration in clinical applications.

Freeze-Dried Dentin Derivative Signal as a Factor for Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study

: Tissue engineering is an emerging field in dentistry, and stem cell research has shown promise in regenerating new tissue. The three essential components for tissue engineering are stem cells, scaffolds, and growth/differentiation factors. Numerous studies have been conducted in regenerative medicine, and more recently in regenerative dentistry, utilizing different signals. In a pioneering study, dentin derivative signal (DDS), which was self-administered, was used as a differentiation factor for dental pulp stem cells to promote dentinogenesis in vitro. The study demonstrated that DDS can stimulate dental pulp stem cells to differentiate into other dental tissues, such as dentin.

Comparative evaluation of the effect of 2% graphene oxide and 5% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in isolation and in combination on micro tensile bond strength of 5th generation adhesive

Background Graphene is the thinnest, strongest, and stiffest imaginable material. The biocompatible property of graphene oxide can initiate and facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of periodontal ligament, osteogenic, and oral epithelial cells. Furthermore, the antibiofilm and anti-adhesion properties of graphene oxide in the prevention of dental biofilm infections, dental caries, and dental erosion as well as for implant surface modification and as an anti-quorum sensing agent. Composites are the most often utilized materials for restoration in the field of dentistry due to adhesive resins' improved mechanical and cosmetic properties. To safeguard the dentin and prevent dental cavities, dentin adhesives are utilized to affix hydrophobic resin composites to hydrophilic dentin tissue. Materials and Method Dental adhesives have a harder time adhering to dentin because it contains more water and is less mineralized than enamel. This makes the method more sensitive. Result As a result, it was chosen to assess and contrast the impact of 5% Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and 2% Graphene oxide nanoparticles, both separately and together, on the Micro tensile bond strength of 5th generation adhesive. Conclusion Graphene oxide is the most versatile form of Graphite in structural and functional configuration. Graphene oxide possesses extraordinary physical, chemical, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Among the graphene family nanomaterials, the reduced form of Graphite adding the oxygenated functional group to the structure increases the surface area and therefore exhibits enviable excellent interaction ability with metal and ions as well as organic species. Graphene oxide in dentistry has provided outstanding results in antimicrobial action, regenerative dentistry, bone tissue engineering, drug delivery, physicochemical properties, enhancement of dental biomaterials and oral cancer treatment.

3D Bioprinting Techniques and Bioinks for Periodontal Tissues Regeneration-A Literature Review.

The periodontal tissue is made up of supporting tissues and among its functions, it promotes viscoelastic properties, proprioceptive sensors, and dental anchorage. Its progressive destruction by disease leads to the loss of bone and periodontal ligaments. For this reason, biomaterials are constantly being developed to restore tissue function. Various techniques are being used to promote regenerative dentistry, including 3D bioprinting with bioink formulations. This paper aims to review the different types of bioink formulations and 3D bioprinting techniques used in periodontal tissue regeneration. Different techniques have been formulated, and the addition of different materials into bioinks has been conducted, with the intention of improving the process and creating a bioink that supports cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and stability for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Comprehensive analysis of L-PRF exudate components and their impact on whole blood platelets.

This study assessed the cellular composition and effects of leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) exudate on whole blood platelets from healthy volunteers. Key objectives included evaluating leukocyte subpopulations, platelet activation markers, platelet-leukocyte interactions and quantifying inflammatory cytokines within the L-PRF exudate. L-PRF was obtained from 20 healthy donors. Flow cytometry methodologies were used to assess intracellular calcium kinetics and activated GPIIbIIIa, and P-selectin expression. Leukocyte subpopulations and platelet-leukocyte interactions were characterized using monoclonal antibodies. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, IL-12p70) within L-PRF exudate were quantified using a cytometric bead array. The expression of activated GPIIbIIIa, and P-selectin exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.001) when L-PRF exudate was added to platelets of whole blood. Regarding intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, the L-PRF exudate elicited significant responses (p < 0.001). L-PRF exudate contained different leukocytes populations, being TCD4 + the most representative of T cells. It was possible to stablish a profile of cytokines produced by the L-PRF exudate, with human IL-8 cytokine exhibiting the highest average (16.90 pg/mL). Despite the study limitations, the research yielded important insights: 1- L-PRF exudate can stimulate platelet activation, essential in healing, tissue inflammation and remodeling. 2-The presence of leukocyte subpopulations within L-PRF exudate reflexes its complexity and potential to enhance immune responses. 3-The analysis of inflammatory cytokines within L-PRF exudate revealed its immunomodulatory potential. These findings are valuable evidences for understanding the potential role of L-PRF exudate in regenerative dentistry and medicine, offering innovative therapeutic strategies. This research highlights crucial aspects that could significantly influence the clinical use of L-PRF exudate in the oral cavity. The findings support the application of L-PRF exudate in both surgical and regenerative dentistry, facilitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to enhance patient outcomes.

Proanthocyanidin surface preconditioning of dental pulp stem cell spheroids enhances dimensional stability and biomineralization invitro.

Lack of adequate mechanical strength and progressive shrinkage over time remain challenges in scaffold-free microtissue-based dental pulp regeneration. Surface collagen cross-linking holds the promise to enhance the mechanical stability of microtissue constructs and trigger biological regulations. In this study, we proposed a novel strategy for surface preconditioning microtissues using a natural collagen cross-linker, proanthocyanidin (PA). We evaluated its effects on cell viability, tissue integrity, and biomineralization of dental pulp stem cell (DPSCs)-derived 3D cell spheroids. Microtissue and macrotissue spheroids were fabricated from DPSCs and incubated with PA solution for surface collagen cross-linking. Microtissue viability was examined by live/dead staining and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, with transverse dimension change monitored. Microtissue surface stiffness was measured by an atomic force microscope (AFM). PA-preconditioned microtissues and macrotissues were cultured under basal or osteogenic conditions. Immunofluorescence staining of PA-preconditioned microtissues was performed to detect dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and F-actin expressions. PA-preconditioned macrotissues were subjected to histological analysis, including haematoxylin-eosin (HE), alizarin red, and Masson trichrome staining. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP-1) expressions. PA preconditioning had no adverse effects on microtissue spheroid viability and increased surface stiffness. It reduced dimensional shrinkage for over 7 days in microtissues and induced a larger transverse-section area in the macrotissue. PA preconditioning enhanced collagen formation, mineralized nodule formation, and elevated ALP and DMP-1 expressions in macrotissues. Additionally, PA preconditioning induced higher F-actin and DSPP expression in microtissues, while inhibition of F-actin activity by cytochalasin B attenuated PA-induced dimensional change and DSPP upregulation. PA surface preconditioning of DPSCs spheroids demonstrates excellent biocompatibility while effectively enhancing tissue structure stability and promoting biomineralization. This strategy strengthens tissue integrity in DPSC-derived spheroids and amplifies osteogenic differentiation potential, advancing scaffold-free tissue engineering applications in regenerative dentistry.

Synthesis and characterization of lithium fluoride-doped hydroxyapatite by aqueous precipitation

Hydroxyapatite is an essential material for bone and dental composition, widely used in biomaterials due to its biocompatibility and bioactivity. Its crystalline structure, similar to human bone, facilitates integration with biological tissues, promoting bone and dental regeneration. Applications include implants, orthopedic coatings, and bone grafts. The aim of this work was to synthesize hydroxyapatite with different percentages of lithium fluoride by aqueous precipitation. The produced powders were sintered at 1100 °C, and their properties were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The results indicated the presence of fluorapatite and calcium oxide phases in the hydroxyapatite with lithium fluoride, with ion substitution occurring, while samples without LiF addition revealed the presence of hydroxyapatite and calcium oxide phases. SEM images showed that the samples with LiF addition exhibited morphological anisotropy, while pure hydroxyapatite samples showed equiaxed grains. The addition of LiF reduced the porosity of the samples after sintering. FTIR results indicated that fluoride ions replaced the hydroxyl groups originally present in the pure hydroxyapatite structure.

Advances in Regenerative Dentistry: A Systematic Review of Harnessing Wnt/β-Catenin in Dentin-Pulp Regeneration.

Dentin pulp has a complex function as a major unit in maintaining the vitality of teeth. In this sense, the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway has a vital part in tooth development, maintenance, repair, and regeneration by controlling physiological activities such as growth, differentiation, and migration. This pathway consists of a network of proteins, such as Wnt signaling molecules, which interact with receptors of targeted cells and play a role in development and adult tissue homeostasis. The Wnt signals are specific spatiotemporally, suggesting its intricate mechanism in development, regulation, repair, and regeneration by the formation of tertiary dentin. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in dentin and pulp regeneration, how different proteins, molecules, and ligands influence this pathway, either upregulating or silencing it, and how it may be used in the future for clinical dentistry, in vital pulp therapy as an effective treatment for dental caries, as an alternative approach for root canal therapy, and to provide a path for therapeutic and regenerative dentistry.

The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Dentistry: A Review

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention in regenerative dentistry due to their remarkable ability to differentiate into various cell types and their immunomodulatory properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in MSC research relevant to dentistry, focusing on their potential applications in periodontal tissue regeneration, dental pulp regeneration, and maxillofacial bone repair. Periodontal diseases, which affect the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, are a significant challenge in dentistry. Current treatments often involve surgical intervention and tissue grafting. MSCs have shown promise as a potential alternative for periodontal tissue regeneration, as they can differentiate into periodontal ligament cells, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of MSC-based therapies in periodontal regeneration. Dental pulp regeneration is another area where MSCs hold promise. Damaged or infected dental pulp can lead to pulpitis or pulp necrosis, necessitating root canal treatment. MSCs have been studied for their ability to regenerate dental pulp tissue and promote pulp healing. They can differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and regenerate dentin-like tissue, making them a potential treatment option for dental pulp regeneration. In maxillofacial bone repair, MSCs have been investigated for their osteogenic differentiation potential and ability to stimulate bone regeneration. Studies have shown promising results, suggesting that MSC-based therapies could be a viable treatment option for maxillofacial bone defects. The mechanisms underlying MSC-based therapies in dentistry are not fully understood but are thought to involve a combination of paracrine effects, immunomodulation, and differentiation into specific cell types. Future research should focus on addressing these challenges and exploring novel approaches for enhancing the regenerative potential of MSCs in dentistry.

Development of novel hybrid nanomaterials with potential application in bone/dental tissue engineering: design, fabrication and characterization enriched-SAPO-34/CS/PANI scaffold

ABSTRACT Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS/PANI, a novel hybrid bio-composite scaffold with potential application in dental tissue engineering, was prepared by freeze drying technique. The scaffold was characterized using FT-IR and SEM methods. The effects of PANI on the physicochemical properties of the Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS scaffold were investigated, including changes in swelling ratio, mechanical behavior, density, porosity, biodegradation, and biomineralization. Compared to the Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS scaffold, adding PANI decreased the pore size, porosity, swelling ratio, and biodegradation, while increasing the mechanical strength and biomineralization. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and adhesion of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) on the scaffolds were investigated by MTT assay and SEM. The Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS/PANI scaffold promoted hDPSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation compared to the Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS scaffold. Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity, and qRT-PCR results revealed that Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS/PANI triggered osteoblast/odontoblast differentiation in hDPSCs through the up-regulation of osteogenic marker genes BGLAP, RUNX2, and SPARC. The significance of this study lies in developing a novel scaffold that synergistically combines the beneficial properties of Fe-Ca-SAPO-34, chitosan, and PANI to create an optimized microenvironment for dental tissue regeneration. These findings highlight the potential of the Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS/PANI scaffold as a promising biomaterial for dental tissue engineering applications, paving the way for future research and clinical translation in regenerative dentistry.

An innovative cell-based transplantation therapy for an immature permanent tooth in an adult: a case report

BackgroundImmature teeth with necrotic pulps present multiple challenges to clinicians. In such cases, regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) may be a favorable strategy. Cells, biomaterial scaffolds, and signaling molecules are three key elements of REPs. Autologous human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) play an important role in pulp regeneration. In addition, autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) have recently been demonstrated as effective biomaterial scaffolds in regenerative dentistry, whereas the latest generation of APCs—concentrated growth factor (CGF), especially liquid phase CGF (LPCGF)—has rarely been reported in REPs.Case presentationA 31-year-old woman presented to our clinic with the chief complaint of occlusion discomfort in the left mandibular posterior region for the past 5 years. Tooth #35 showed no pulp vitality and had a periodontal lesion, and radiographic examination revealed that the tooth exhibited extensive periapical radiolucency with an immature apex and thin dentin walls. REP was implemented via transplantation of autologous hDPCs with the aid of LPCGF. The periodontal lesion was managed with simultaneous periodontal surgery. After the treatment, the tooth was free of any clinical symptoms and showed positive results in thermal and electric pulp tests at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. At 12-month follow-up, radiographic evidence and three-dimensional models, which were reconstructed using Mimics software based on cone-beam computed tomography, synergistically confirmed bone augmentation and continued root development, indicating complete disappearance of the periapical radiolucency, slight lengthening of the root, evident thickening of the canal walls, and closure of the apex.ConclusionhDPCs combined with LPCGF represents an innovative and effective strategy for cell-based regenerative endodontics.

Major maxillary sinus augmentation techniques for dental implant: a systematic review

Introduction: In around 25% of all maxillary sinuses, there is an accessory bone that is located in a lower portion than the main ostium. When a dental element is lost in the posterior region of the maxilla, there is natural reabsorption of the alveolar process and at the same time, pneumatization of the maxillary sinus occurs. It will increase its volume towards the location where the roots existed and this will often make it difficult or unfeasible to restore implants in that location. Various surgical techniques can be used to reconstruct the atrophic alveolar ridge, techniques alone or associated with autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic grafts, and alloplastic biomaterials. Objective: It was to develop a systematic review to list the main clinical and surgical approaches to bone elevation techniques for dental implants. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from January to March 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 119 articles were found, 35 articles were evaluated in full and 23 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 15 studies with a high risk of bias and 21 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies did not show homogeneity in their results, with X2=71.6%&gt;50%. It was concluded that the placement of the implant with the simultaneous use of PRP or PRF creates a good relationship between the hard tissue and the soft tissue. The Bio-Oss® biomaterial is one of the most used in guided bone regeneration procedures in regenerative dentistry, and its particles become an integral part of the newly formed bone structure and retain their volume in the long term. Furthermore, Bio-Oss® offers a lot of space for the formation of blood vessels (angiogenesis) and the deposit of neoformed bone, helping the growth of osteoblasts. Notable studies have shown results on the combined use of Bio-Oss® and PRF. Also, it is possible to develop a pre-operative planning method, associated with the area of implant dentistry, using digital images. Furthermore, the conventional surgical guide has some advantages such as being cheaper, simpler, and easier to perform, however, it leads to a greater operative risk for the patient. However, the accuracy of the location to be implanted is not the best and there is a greater probability of this guide becoming worn out, due to the contact of the drills with it.

Editorial: Molecular pathways and novel therapeutic targets in regenerative dentistry

Editorial: Molecular pathways and novel therapeutic targets in regenerative dentistry