Skin Tissue Regeneration Research Articles

A dual-modified glucomannan polysaccharide selectively sequesters growth factors for skin tissue repair.

Artificial dermal matrixes (ADMs) are valuable clinical options for treating large soft tissue defects, but their suboptimal bioactivities compared with the real tissue limit their therapeutic potential. For example, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharides in the native skin vitally and differentially regulate endogenous growth factors (GFs) to maintain tissue homeostasis. However, the GAG used in the current ADMs has often lost such delicate regulation. Here, we developed a novel polysaccharide-based ADM that can promote skin tissue repair through selective modulation of specific pro-healing GFs. First, we prepared a plant-derived backbone of glucomannan (named BSP) - representing the two dominant monosaccharide components in the human body - in mass and homogenic quality. Then, we modified this backbone with sulfate and acetyl groups in a controlled manner to yield an optimized BSP derivative (SMAL-BSP) as a main composition to generate a new ADM. In vitro, SMAL-BSP enabled the ADM to selectively sequester pro-angiogenic GFs of VEGF-A and FGF-2 in situ for stimulating endothelial cell growth. Moreover, the addition of the acetyl group induced macrophages to secrete nitric oxide (NO) with antibacterial activities. Further in vivo tests in a rat model of full-thickness skin wounds indicated that SMAL-BSP ADM could sequester GFs in situ to promote angiogenesis and thus tissue regeneration, with superior effects than conventional chondroitin sulfate-based ADM, while showing no adverse effects often associated with animal-derived products. Our study represents a novel strategy for ADM design, targeting selective GF sequestration towards optimal skin tissue regeneration.

Cellular Behaviors of Human Dermal Fibroblasts on Pyrolytically Stripped Carbon Nanofiber's Surface.

There has been limited exploration of carbon nanofiber as a scaffold for cellular attachment and proliferation. In this work, commercially available, pyrolytically stripped carbon nanofiber (cCNF) is deposited over electrospun nanofiber mats, polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA), to immobilize them and investigate whether the 3D cCNF layer's surface augments cell proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (nHDF). Spectral characterizations, such as XRD and Raman, show that cCNF exhibited crystalline structure with a high graphitization degree. cCNF layers are modified to have an irregular or planar surface by simple agitation (s-cCNF) or probe sonication (p-cCNF) of the solution. The in vitro cell line studies revealed that p-cCNF is better than s-cCNF in providing a platform that supports a homogenous spread of the fibroblasts all over the nanofiber's surface. The p-cCNF-deposited PCL mat (p-cCNF@PCL) demonstrated cellular growth, similar to that of the neat PCL mat. However, the p-cCNF@PCL mat exhibited remarkable antibacterial properties by reducing the E. coli numbers, ≈16 times greater than the PCL mat. It is concluded that the immobilized, pyrolytically stripped carbon nanofiber's surface has the potential to accommodate cellular growth and inhibit bacterial colonies, suggesting the biomaterial scaffold is promising for in vivo and clinical applications of skin tissue regeneration.

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves accelerates skin tissue regeneration in excisional wound model: possible molecular mechanisms.

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves are a traditional medicinal herb used for treating many infectious and inflammatory-related conditions, including wound healing. To validate its traditional use, our study evaluates the acute toxicity and wound-healing effects of methanolic extracts of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves (MEPL) on excisional neck injury in rats. A uniform dorsal neck injury was created for twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats, which were randomly aligned into 4 groups and treated topically twice daily with 0.2ml of the following: group A, rats treated with 1% CMC; group B, rats received intrasite gel; groups C and D, rats treated with MEPL (0.2ml of 250 and 500mg/kg, respectively). The toxicity results showed a lack of physiologic alteration or mortality in rats ingested with an oral dosage of up to 5g/kg of MEPL. Histological screening of regenerated skin tissues revealed higher deposition of collagen, fibroblast cells, and reduced inflammatory cells in MEPL-treated rats. The topical application of MEPL led to positive modulation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (angiogenetic factor) in wound tissues, indicating increased tissue regeneration and faster wound contraction. MEPL treatment caused a significant elevation of tissue antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and hydroxyproline (collagen) contents while reducing malondialdehyde contents. The inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and IL-6) were lower, and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10) were higher in MEPL-treated rats than in the vehicle group. The study outcomes back up the traditional use of MEPL for wound healing, which could be linked with its phytochemicals (flavonoids and terpenoids) that require further isolation and molecular identification.

A Comparative Analysis of Cell Proliferation and Wound Closure in Cultured Gingival Epithelial Cells Using Plasma Rich in Growth Factors and Platelet-Rich Plasma Containing Leukocytes.

Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) is presumed to be able to stimulate the regeneration of skin and periodontal tissue. This effect can be attributed to the fact that PRGF contains fewer leukocyte-derived interleukins in comparison to platelet-rich plasma (PRP). However, a comparison of the effects of PRGF and PRP on gingival epithelial cells has not been conducted yet. Therefore, our objective was to clarify and compare the effects of PRGF and PRP on gingival epithelial cell proliferation, wound healing, and gene expression. PRGF and PRP were obtained from three donors. A complete medium containing bovine pituitary extract (BPE) and growth factors was used as a positive control (PC), while a medium without BPE was used as a negative control (NC). We evaluated the presence of platelets and leukocytes, as well as the number of leukocytes, in PRP and PRGF using the cell block method and a cell counting chamber. We assessed gingival epithelial cell proliferation with WST-1 and wound healing by using cell-free culture inserts. To examine the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which is related to cell growth inhibition, and integrin β4, which contributes to cell adhesion, we used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) under PRGF and PRP samples in vitro. The nonparametric data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Large quantities of platelets were observed in both PRGF and PRP. The leukocyte concentration in PRGF was generally lower than that in PRP. Our report indicated that cell proliferation was significantly higher in PRGF than in PRP on day 1 and 2. We found that there was no significant difference in the wound closure rate between PRGF and PRP in comparison to their respective control groups. The quantitative RT-PCR revealed insignificant differences in mRNA expression as TNF-α and integrin β4 between PRGF and PRP in comparison to the each of their respective control groups. Our research indicated that PRGF can promote the proliferation of gingival epithelium more than PRP, contributing to the healing of periodontal tissue. TNF-α and integrin β4 mRNA expression may not be significantly involved in wound closure within the gingival epithelium under the influence of PRGF and PRP.

Rod‐Shaped Microgel Scaffolds with Interconnective Pores and Oxygen‐generating Functions Promote Skin Wound Healing and Alleviate Hypertrophic Scar Formation

AbstractThe processes of skin wound healing and scar formation are complex, often involving hypoxia and inflammation, which create a pathological microenvironment that impedes normal healing. Improving wound oxygenation and reducing inflammation are crucial for accelerating healing and reducing scarring. Traditional dressings like sponges, gauze, and hydrogels struggle to balance moisture retention, breathability, and exudate absorption. To address these challenges, rod‐shaped microgel scaffolds with larger surface areas and interconnected porous structures are explored to enhance gas transport, promoting wound oxygenation and moisture retention, thus accelerating healing and reducing scarring. Nanoparticles (NPs) are used to mediate the formation of microgels‐assembled scaffold and to load catalase (CAT) for enhanced bioactivity. In vitro experiments showed that this material alleviated oxidative stress and reduced the activity of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), and the downstream transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β)/Smad pathway in fibroblasts. The incorporation of CAT showed a significant promotion of M2‐phenotype macrophage polarization. In vivo studies on rat and rabbit wounds demonstrated that the microgel scaffolds significantly improved exudate absorption and breathability, maintaining a moist and oxygenated environment. These scaffolds reduced tissue hypoxia, accelerated wound healing, and decreased hypertrophic scar formation in vivo. This innovative method leveraged the unique properties of microgels to effectively enhance skin tissue regeneration.

Tongue Prick Bionic Angularly Adjustable Microneedles for Enhanced Scarless Wound Healing

AbstractHigh‐tension site wounds are frequently accompanied by challenges associated with hypertrophic scarring. The key to achieving scar‐free healing is the creation of a mechanical environment conducive to scar‐free skin regeneration. Herein, simple rolling punctures are utilized on angle transform molds to develop cat tongue prick bionic angle‐adjustable microneedles (TPMNs) to maintain a firm grip on the periwound skin, thereby reducing tissue tension. The integration of TPMNs with triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) enables excellent conductive and triboelectric properties. The system can provide a stable spatial electric field around the wound to promote cell migration. As the microfluid reaches the TPMNs, the self‐driving force is enhanced by a unique angle design to control the microfluid flow rate. Sufficient evidence has shown that TPMNs expedite wound contraction and skin tissue regeneration while concurrently reducing scar formation in mouse trauma model experiments. The innovative TPMNs‐TENGs synergistically provides a highly functional platform for wound tension relief, which is suitable for scar treatment in this study and potentially extends to the construction and regulation of smart wearable devices.

Magnetic Nanoactuator-Protein Fiber Coated Hydrogel Dressing for Well-Balanced Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration.

Despite significant progress in skin wound healing, it is still a challenge to construct multifunctional bioactive dressings based on a highly aligned protein fiber coated hydrogel matrix for antifibrosis skin wound regeneration that is indistinguishable to native skin. In this study, a "dual-wheel-driven" strategy is adopted to modify the surface of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel with highly aligned magnetic nanocomposites-protein fiber assemblies (MPF) consisting of photothermal responsive antibacteria superparamagnetic nanocomposites-fibrinogen (Fg) complexes as the building blocks. Whole-phase healing properties of the modified hydrogel dressing, GelMA-MPF (GMPF), stem from the integration of Fg protein with RGD peptide activity decorated on the surface of the antibacterial magnetic nanoactuator, facilitating facile and reproducible dressing preparation by self-assembly and involving biochemical, morphological, and biophysical cues. Payload and substantial release of copper ions for in situ catalytic production of nitric oxide (NO) from the fiber inorganic skeleton adsorbed by Fg molecules collectively regulate the proliferation, migration, reorganization, and transdifferentiation behavior of fibroblasts and fulfill antifibrosis in the process of skin wound healing and subcutaneous appendage regeneration. In full-thickness skin lesion mouse models, the complete regeneration of skin tissue with regenerated hair follicle cells and capillary blood vessels is realized in a temporally and spatially ordered manner.

The role of biomaterials-based scaffolds in advancing skin tissue construct.

Despite extensive clinical studies and therapeutic interventions, addressing significant skin wounds remains challenging, necessitating novel approaches for effective regeneration therapy. In the current review, we analyzed and evaluated the application, advancements, and future directions of biomaterials-based scaffolds for skin tissue construct. In addition, we investigated the role of other biological substitutes in promoting wound healing and skin tissue regeneration. The review highlights the impact of biomaterial-based scaffolds on skin tissue regeneration and wound healing. After presenting the physiological process of skin tissue regeneration, the review emphasizes the different biochemical components significant for skin healing and regeneration. Subsequently, it delves into the role of scaffolds in skin tissue engineering. Recent advancements in nanotechnology are also highlighted with a specific focus on the utilization of nanomaterials for enhancing healing, facilitating tissue regeneration, and promoting skin reconstruction. Biomaterial scaffolds have emerged as a potential intervention for wound healing forming the foundation of skin tissue regeneration. These scaffolds, intricate three-dimensional frameworks, serve as carriers for cells, medications, and genes, facilitating their delivery into the body. The integration of degradable porous scaffolds with biological cells offers a promising avenue for tissue repair. Biomaterials play a crucial role in tissue engineering, providing temporary mechanical support and facilitating cellular processes to augment skin tissue regeneration.

Vanillin and IGF1-loaded dual-layer multifunctional wound dressing with micro-nanofibrous structure for full-thickness wound healing acceleration.

Multifunctional dual-layer wound dressings hold significant promise for comprehensive full-thickness wound management by closely mimicking the native skin structure and features. Herein, we employed an innovative approach utilizing electrospinning techniques to develop a dual-layer dressing comprising a microfibrous Ecoflex®-Vanillin (Ex-Vnil) top layer (TL) and a nanofibrous Soluplus®-Insulin-like growth factor-1 (Sol-IGF1) bottom layer (BL). The tensile properties of dual-layer wound dressings were within the standard range for use in skin tissue regeneration. The TL exhibited hydrophobic properties with a contact angle value of 92.4° and significant antibacterial activity, mimicking the epidermis of the skin, thereby preventing fluid and bacterial penetration. Moreover, the dual-layer wound dressing demonstrated standard water vapour transmission rate, with 91.2% release of IGF1 and 66.8% release of Vnil within 5days. Notably, the fabricated dual-layer dressing promoted cell behaviour and exhibited a significant angiogenesis effect and accelerated healing of full-thickness wound, achieving 96.4% closure after 14days, attributed to reduced inflammation, early blood vessel formation, and enhanced collagen density. Our findings underscore the potential of the fabricated dual-layer dressing as an innovative solution in full-thickness wound care.

Coculture to vascularization transition in bioengineered skin grafts through VEGF-associated pathways tracked by exosomal biomarkers.

Inadequate vasculature poses a significant challenge in the clinical translation of tissue engineering constructs. Current strategies for vascularization typically recruit short-lived endothelial cells or induce mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to differentiate into the endothelial lineage, often in combination with supporting pericytes or fibroblasts. However, endothelial-associated cocultures lack adaptive ability and form limited vasculature. In this study, we investigated the endothelial transdifferentiation of an MSC-fibroblast coculture loaded on a bioengineered graft and utilized the exosomes released by the coculture model as a biomarker to monitor the progress of vascularization inside the graft. To develop the pre-vascularized skin graft, dermal fibroblasts and MSC were seeded on a biocomposite chitosan/collagen/fibrinogen/D3 (CCF-D3) scaffold. The cocultured graft facilitated the differentiation of MSC to endothelial cells (MEnDoT). Additionally, it promoted vasculogenic sprouting through the VEGF-eNOS pathways, as evidenced by the expression of F-actin, VEGF-A, and downstream transcriptomic markers (CD31, CD34, eNOS, VEGF-A, VEGF-R2, PI3 K, and PLC-γ). Exosomes (∼130 nm diameter) were isolated from the coculture, and their spectral analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the intensity ratio of nucleotides (952 cm-1), polysaccharides (1071 cm-1) and lipoproteins (1417 cm-1), corresponding to vasculogenesis. The activation of the VEGF-associated pathway in the coculture model was validated using an inhibitor (dexamethasone), which was used to treat the coculture graft as a control. Thus, this study elucidated the vascularization of coculture constructs via the VEGF-associated pathway. It demonstrated the potential of exosome spectral fingerprints as promising biomarkers to monitor the vascularization progression inside the graft, paving the way for the development of standardized grafts for full-thickness skin tissue regeneration.

Fabrication and characterization of in situ gelling oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose/gelatin nanofibers for wound healing applications.

Although tissue engineering science has made great progress, wound healing has remained a significant clinical challenge, especially in cases of severe injuries requiring advanced treatment strategies. This study aimed to develop patient-friendly in situ gelling nanofibers composed of oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (OCMC) and gelatin for wound healing applications. A two-axial electrospinning technique was employed to fabricate OCMC/PVA-Gelatin hybrid nanofibers. Because of the nanofibers' high surface area, the resulting scaffold can quickly absorb wound exudates, resulting in a cross-linked hydrogel via the Schiff-base reaction between OCMC and gelatin. The nanofibers were thoroughly characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA, confirming their successful fabrication and structural integrity. Notably, the nanofibers demonstrated full degradation within 21days, aligning with the requirements for skin tissue regeneration. Antibacterial assays revealed 99.9% efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The electrospun OCMC/PVA and OCMC/PVA-Gel samples exhibited 91±10% and 92±7% cell viability after 7days of L929 fibroblast cell culture, confirming their excellent biocompatibility. These findings highlight the potential of the developed nanofibers as antimicrobial and biocompatible wound dressings with an appropriate degradation profile, presenting a practical and effective alternative to conventional hydrogel systems for advanced wound healing applications.

Identification of a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor-agonistic peptide and its effect on diabetic wound healing.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a broad class of secretory chemicals that act via FGF receptors (FGFR). The study aims to explore the role of a novel peptide, FAP1 (FGFR-agonistic peptide 1), in tissue regeneration and repair. It investigates whether FAP1 mimics basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and accelerates wound healing both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, a novel peptide was designed and its ability to mimic bFGF was assessed through different in vitro experiments including its effect on cell proliferation, wound healing, cell signaling including FGFR1 phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Specificity was confirmed through surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and co-treatment with FGFR inhibitor, erdafitinib. In vivo, the effect of FAP1 on diabetic wound healing was tested in a mouse model, examining collagen production and the migration and proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. FAP1 specifically phosphorylated FGFR and activated MAPKs similar to bFGF. In vitro, it induced cell proliferation and accelerated wound healing. In vivo, FAP1 improved diabetic wound healing by increasing collagen production and promoting keratinocyte and fibroblast migration and proliferation. The specificity of FAP1 was confirmed through SPR. FAP1 shows potential as a novel pharmacological alternative to natural bFGF for skin tissue regeneration and repair. Its ability to accelerate wound healing and its specificity for FGFR suggest that FAP1 could serve as a cost-effective substitute for bFGF protein in therapeutic applications.

3D bioprinting of a dermal scaffold for full-thickness skin tissue regeneration

3D bioprinting of a dermal scaffold for full-thickness skin tissue regeneration

A Biomimetic One‐Stone‐Two‐Birds Hydrogel with Electroconductive, Photothermally Antibacterial and Bioadhesive Properties for Skin Tissue Regeneration and Mechanosensation Restoration

A Biomimetic One‐Stone‐Two‐Birds Hydrogel with Electroconductive, Photothermally Antibacterial and Bioadhesive Properties for Skin Tissue Regeneration and Mechanosensation Restoration

A Layer-by-Layer Polycaprolactone/Chitosan-Based Biomimetic Hybrid Nanofibroporous Scaffold for Enhanced Skin Tissue Regeneration: Integrating Solution Blow Spinning and Freeze Casting Techniques.

Nanofibers, with their high surface area-to-volume ratio, elasticity, and mechanical strength, significantly enhance scaffold structures for skin tissue engineering. The present study introduces a unique method of combining solution blow spinning (SBS) and freeze casting to fabricate biomimetic hybrid nanofibroporous scaffolds (BHNS) using polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CH). The developed scaffolds mimic the fibrous porous natural extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture, promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and matrix deposition. The combined SBS and freeze-casting processes resulted in scaffolds with high porosity and optimal mechanical strength, crucial for effective skin regeneration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the uniform, nonwoven, and beadless architecture of the PCL fibers and the fibroporous nature of the PCL/CH scaffolds. The scaffolds exhibited excellent swelling behavior, controlled degradation rates, and enhanced mechanical properties. In vitro cell studies demonstrated scaffold cell-supportive properties in terms of cell attachment, proliferation, and migration. This innovative layer-by-layer fabrication technique, integrating nanofibers with freeze-cast scaffolds, represents a significant advancement in skin tissue engineering, promising improved outcomes in wound healing and regenerative medicine.

Fabrication of Bioactive Helix aspersa Extract-Loaded Chitosan-Based Bilayer Wound Dressings for Skin Tissue Regeneration.

In recent years, there has been a notable shift toward exploring plant and animal extracts for the fabrication of tissue engineering structures that seamlessly integrate with the human body, providing both biological compatibility and physical reinforcement. In this particular investigation, we synthesized bilayer wound dressings by incorporating snail (Helix aspersa) secretions, comprising mucus and slime, into chitosan matrices via lyophilization and electrospinning methodologies. A nanofiber layer was integrated on top of the porous structure to mimic the epidermal layer for keratinocyte activity as well as acting as an antibacterial barrier against possible infection, whereas a porous structure was designed to mimic the dermal microenvironment for fibroblast activity. Comprehensive assessments encompassing physical characterization, antimicrobial efficacy, in vitro bioactivity, and wound healing potential were conducted on these bilayer dressings. Our findings revealed that the mucus and slime extract loading significantly altered the morphology in terms of nanofiber diameter and average pore size. Snail extracts loaded on a nanofiber layer of bilayer dressings showed slight antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. An in vitro release study of slime extract loaded in the nanofiber layer indicated that both groups 1 and 2 showed a burst release up to 6 h, and a sustained release was observed up to 96 h for group 1, whereas slime extract release from group 2 continued up to 72 h. In vitro bioactivity assays unveiled the favorable impact of mucus and slime extracts on NIH/3T3 fibroblast and HS2 keratinocyte cell attachment, proliferation, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Furthermore, our investigations utilizing the in vitro scratch assay showcased the proliferative and migratory effects of mucus and slime extracts on skin cells. Collectively, our results underscore the promising prospects of bioactive snail secretion-loaded chitosan constructs for facilitating skin regeneration and advancing wound healing therapies.

Fabrication and Characterizations of Microwave‐Assisted Gelatin Cross‐Linked LBG/Guar Gum–Based Super Porous Hydrogels With Metformin Hydrochloride for Open Incision Wound Healing

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to fabricate gelatin cross‐linked Locust bean gum (LBG)/guar gum–based hydrogels with microwave assistance for diabetic wound healing applications and evaluate it for physicochemical properties. In the last few years, microwave irradiation has gained acceptance as a reliable technique for quickening and streamlining chemically modified reactions. In order to achieve this, metformin‐loaded LBG and guar gum–based hydrogel were formulated employing microwave radiation. Moreover, the microwave‐assisted–based metformin hydrogel are microwave‐assisted reaction sudden increase in temperature may led to distortion of molecules, very vigorous and which may be hazardous, but environmental sustainability and friendly chemistry concepts are supported by microwave irradiation. The optimized formulation (F3) showed significantly improved physicochemical properties, with a swelling capacity of 480.4% ± 2.5%. The results indicate an appropriate duration for adequate drugs diffusion and nutrition exchange. Controlled disintegrate and sustained release of embedded drug molecules from F3 may have an impact on antibacterial activity. The study indicated that microwave‐assisted polymer blend hydrogels had adequately improved physical qualities, making them a promising candidate for improving diabetic wound healing and hastening skin tissue regeneration.

Microenvironment-responsive Bletilla polysaccharide hydrogel with photothermal antibacterial and macrophage polarization-regulating properties for diabetic wound healing

The healing of diabetic wounds (DW) is challenging due to the complex microenvironment, manifesting severe bacterial infections, persistent inflammation, and excessive oxidative stress. Therefore, overcoming these impediments to restore the wound microenvironment to a normal state is critical points and challenges in the development of effective DW dressings. Herein, a B/TF hydrogel was developed in our study using Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP), borax, and the tannic acid/ferric iron (TA/Fe3+) complex. The crosslinking of the hydrogel constructed by dynamic borate bonds not only impart remarkable physical properties to the hydrogel, but also exhibited responsive release of BSP and TA/Fe3+ complex to pH and glucose levels. Incorporating the TA/Fe3+ complex provided notable near-infrared (NIR) photothermal properties to the hydrogel, thereby demonstrating significant photothermal antibacterial activity and antioxidant capability. Additionally, the B/TF hydrogel effectively regulated the transformation of macrophages from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Animal experiments have also effectively confirmed that the treatment with B/TF hydrogel combined with NIR radiation promoted the regeneration of skin tissue in DW. In summary, the developed multifunctional B/TF hydrogel showed advantages and met clinical requirements for treating DW.

Design of cellulose nanocrystal‐integrated poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyethylene glycol electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for biomedical applications

AbstractThe present study aims to fabricate cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) doped poly(vinyl alcohol) polyethylene glycol (PVA/PEG) nanocomposite films for biomedical applications. The nanocomposite films were prepared by using electrospinning techniques with varying percentages of CNCs (10% and 20%) mixed with PVA and PEG (50:50). The properties of the produced nanocomposites were evaluated using a battery of tests. The results of surface morphology and structural miscibility obtained from field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transformer infra‐red studies revealed appreciable compatibility among the three components (CNCs, PVA, and PEG). FE‐SEM micrographs revealed that the nanomaterials underwent a dramatic transition from discontinuous to continuous fibers, with interconnected or network‐like fibers. The constructed scaffold material's stability went up from three to four phases, according to thermal and degradation experiments. In addition, research on biodegradation and water absorption found that CNCs outperformed pure PVA and PVA/PEG in terms of swelling percentage time and enzyme degradation rate. The hemolysis assay of the PVA/PEG/CNC scaffold showed good compatibility (below 5%) and according to the MTT assay, both NIH 3T3 and L929 cells survived well, indicating that the CNCs could serve as a useful scaffold for tissue engineering applications such skin tissue regeneration. In sum, the findings proved that biological domains including tissue engineering and wound healing can benefit from produced nanofiber scaffolds.

Supplemented collagen peptide composition improves skin aging, elasticity, and tissue regeneration in zebrafish

A supplemented collagen peptide composition (SCPC) containing microbe-fermented collagen peptide, collagen tripeptide, elastin peptide, and sodium hyaluronate was investigated to determine its effects on skin aging, skin elasticity, and tissue regeneration in zebrafish. β-Galactosidase activity was inhibited, while telomerase activity was elevated, by exposure to 0.977 μL/mL of SCPC in an H2O2-induced aging zebrafish model, indicating that SCPC can delay cell senescence. Expression of the collagen I gene col1a1a was up-regulated by exposure to 62.5 μL/mL of SCPC, indicating that SCPC can improve skin elasticity. Regrowth of the injured caudal fin was enhanced by exposure to only 0.122 μL/mL of SCPC. These improvements to skin aging, elasticity, and tissue regeneration in zebrafish suggest that this SCPC has potential as a functional food with beneficial effects on skin health and aging resistance in humans.