Regeneration Of Areas Research Articles

THE ROLE OF INTERCELLULAR INTERACTIONS IN THE FORMATION OF KELOID SCARS

Pathological scarring at the present stage does not have a clear pathogenetic justification, it is characterized by unpredictability and constant growth of keloid scars, the absence of regression for many years and reasonable pathogenetic treatment. Despite the fact that there is the possibility of extirpation of excess tissue, it is almost impossible to remove keloid scars without recurrence. The paper presents phenotyping data in the structure of cellular ensembles of scars with the disclosure of signaling mechanisms of fibroblast differentiation into specialized cells that secrete collagen and the main matrix of the intercellular substance with pronounced hyalinization. It has been shown that the number of macrophages in the tissue of developing keloid scars is reduced in comparison with areas of normal reparative skin regeneration and in the structure of hypertrophic scars. Given the responsibility of macrophages for the secretion of angiogenesis factors and, accordingly, further oxygenation of the tissue healing zone, the authors point to a decrease in the number of macrophages as one of the main factors inducing keloid scarring and connective tissue metaplasia.

Perceptions of social mix and ethnic diversity in changing neighbourhoods: evidence from Glasgow and regeneration implications

Perceptions of neighbourhood change have been an important area of inquiry for several reasons, including for their effects upon place attachment, mobility intentions, and links to mental and physical health. In this article, we take a different perspective by assessing residents’ perceptions of neighbourhood compositional changes relating to social class and ethnicity and considering them as potential pathways to other social and psychosocial outcomes. In addition, we examine how these relationships are moderated in situations where policy is a prime cause of neighbourhood change through state-led regeneration. Across deprived areas, perceptions of social mix are positively associated with residential satisfaction, community cohesion, and feelings of empowerment and safety. Perceptions of ethnic diversity are positively associated with empowerment and safety, and negatively with area reputation. In regeneration areas, perceived social mix is positively associated with most outcomes but perceived ethnic mix holds negative associations; neither appears to impact external reputations.

Lifting spirits and building community: the social, emotional and practical benefits of all-female group singing

A mixed-methods concurrent identical design was implemented to explore the following research question: what are the emotional, social, and practical impacts of group singing for women from a regeneration area? Members of an all-female community choir based in an area of disadvantage participated in a focus group and survey. The most significant quantitative finding was an increase in the overall perceived level of health, which seemed linked to qualitative themes of 'positive emotions', 'redefining and reclaiming identity', 'choir as an extended family' and 'community interaction and impact'. Three themes arose from qualitative data: social impact, health and well-being aspects, and practical issues. Integrating qualitative and quantitative findings identified an overarching concept that 'choir participation may increase emotional and social health and well-being'. Group singing was found beneficial, with a potential to serve as a resource in cultivating resilience in individuals living in areas of disadvantage.

The Development of a Holistic and Inclusive Model for Disaster Priority Regeneration Area (DPRA): The Case of Istanbul, Turkey

Urban regeneration can be defined as a multi-functional, specifical zoning application for the improvement and sustainability of an urban area with its physical, environmental, social and economic conditions. The question of where the urban regeneration will take place constitutes the primary pillar of the applications. Considering the expected high-intensity earthquake in Istanbul, there is a significant number of risky regions in the earthquake zone that need to be regenerated. The important part of reducing damage in an earthquake disaster is improving the quality of the building stock. The identification, prioritization, analysis and visualization of disaster priority regeneration areas (DPRAs) is possible by creating a functional model based on a spatial basis. The main element in the scope of this study is to establish the processes related to the DPRAs and to determine the necessary criteria for the determination of these areas. Analyzing how much the existing DPRAs overlap with the areas suggested in this study and creating basis for the needed model in order to identify the undeclared areas, the destruction and losses that may be caused by the earthquake in the coming years can be prevented by the implementation of this sustainable and integrated urban regeneration model.

Integrating climate change and urban regeneration: success stories from Seoul

Urban regeneration offers extensive opportunities for tackling climate change. However, in the Republic of Korea, successful examples of such policy integration are rare. Whereas many studies have analysed inhibiting factors of policy integration, the perspective of this paper is different. It investigates enabling factors that promote policy integration in the cases of climate change and urban regeneration policies under non-supportive politico-administrative framework conditions. Two good practice examples from Seoul (<em>i.e.</em> the neighbourhoods of Jangwi-dong and Sangdo 4-dong) provide a basis for analysing: (1) which topics facilitated integration; (2) which stakeholders promoted the integration of climate change and urban regeneration policies and how; and (3) whether and how long-term community effects could be generated. A mixed-methods approach is used: document analysis, content analysis, interviews (<em>n</em> = 50) and process-tracing methods. The results show the significance of local promoters and their politico-administrative skills to frame distinct subjects comprehensively which facilitates support from different programmes. Second, open and flexible regulatory frameworks as well as the readiness of higher level authorities to learn from local experiments are conducive to innovation. Third, the institutionalisation and mainstreaming of new topics, <em>e.g.</em> climate change, is a precondition for creating lasting effects in urban regeneration areas. <strong><em><br /></em></strong> <strong><em>Practice relevance</em></strong> <strong><em></em></strong>The study is relevant for urban regeneration practice because it highlights the role and qualifications of promoters of policy integration, the level of readiness to allow and learn from local experiments in urban living laboratories, and the necessity to mainstream new topics such as climate change as soon as they are integrated to generate lasting effects.

Corneal stromal repair and regeneration.

The cornea is a specialized, transparent, avascular, immune-privileged, and heavily innervated tissue that affords 2/3rd of refraction to the eye. Ocular injuries, infections, and genetic factors affect corneal function and cause vision impairment. Presently, a variety of laser/non-laser surgeries, immunosuppressants, and/or corneal transplants are predominantly used to revive sight in human patients. The development of novel, precision-guided, and tissue-targeted non-surgical therapies promoting corneal repair and regeneration based on mechanistic understanding is of paramount importance to reduce the impact of global blindness. Research over the past decade revealed that modulation of pathological signaling pathways and factors by a variety of therapeutic delivery methods effectively treats corneal disorders including corneal scar/haze, inflammation, and angiogenesis in various pre-clinical animal models and are primed for human translation. This review discusses recent advances in the areas of corneal repair, restoration, and regeneration. Herein, we provide an overview of evolving approaches and therapeutic modalities that have shown great promise in reviving corneal transparency and function through the use of small drug molecules, gene therapy, nanomedicine, stem cells, trophic factors, exosomes, stromal equivalents, bioengineered stromal scaffolds, tissue adhesives, and 3D bioprinting.

Application of Open Building Theory in the Regeneration of Old Residential Building

This research is based on the refinement and diversification demand of housing stock quality improving in China. The paper focuses on the complexity of built environment in old residential areas, which involves numerous responsibilities and rights and multi-role cooperation in the process of regeneration. This paper studies the application of open building theory and its derivative theories in the area of housing regeneration, researches the current situation of policies, mechanisms and design methods for the regeneration of old residential areas in China and discusses the theoretical applicability of open building theory in the design practice of old residential building renewal methods in China. The study investigates the situation of the old residential areas in renovation, divides the responsibility and right relationship between the participants and building components by levels, and establishes a localized theoretical model for the regeneration strategy design of the old residential buildings in China. This study will provide scientific theoretical support for the constructing of a sustainable mechanism involving professional decision-making, long-term management and capital introduction, for the build of a multi-dimensional quality improving regeneration of the old residential areas in China.

Natural forest regeneration on anthropized landscapes could overcome climate change effects on the endangered maned sloth (Bradypus torquatus, Illiger 1811)

Abstract Climate change and habitat loss have been identified as the main causes of species extinction. Forest regeneration and protected areas are essential to buffer climate change impacts and to ensure quality habitats for threatened species. We assessed the current and future environmental suitability for the maned sloth, Bradypus torquatus, under both future climate and forest restoration scenarios, using ecological niche modeling. We compared environmental suitability for two Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUnorth and ESUsouth) using two climate change scenarios for 2070, and three potential forest regeneration scenarios. Likewise, we evaluated the protection degree of the suitable areas resulting from the models, according to Brazilian law: PA—Protected Areas; PPA—Permanent Protection Areas (environmentally sensitive areas in private properties); and LR—Legal Reserves (natural vegetation areas in private properties). Finally, we calculated the deficit of PPA and LR in each ESU, considering the current forest cover. Forest regeneration might mitigate the deleterious effects of climate change by maintaining and increasing environmental suitability in future scenarios. The ESUnorth contains more suitable areas (21,570 km²) than the ESUsouth (12,386 km²), with an increase in all future scenarios (up to 45,648 km² of new suitable areas), while ESUsouth might have a significant decrease (up to 7,546 km² less). Suitable areas are mostly unprotected (ESUnorth—65.5% and ESUsouth—58.3%). Therefore, PPA and PA can maintain only a small portion of current and future suitable areas. Both ESUs present a high deficit of PPA and LR, highlighting the necessity to act in the recovery of these areas to accomplish a large-scale restoration, mitigate climate change effects, and achieve, at least, a minimum forested area to safeguard the species. Notwithstanding, a long-term conservation of B. torquatus will benefit from forest regeneration besides those minimum requirements, allied to the protection of forest areas.

Kentsel Dönüşüm Alanlarının Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi

Kentsel dönüşüm, yapısal düzenleme, sürdürülebilir çevresel performans ve sosyo-ekonomik bütünleşme dengesinin gözetildiği bir düzendir. Yapı-çevre-insan ilişkisinin yeniden kurulmasında öngörülen hedeflere ulaşılabilmesi için göstergelerin tanımlanması ve sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması önemlidir. Çalışmada, kentsel dönüşümde gösterge temelli önceliklendirme yaklaşımı kurgulanarak yer seçim kararlarının alınma süreçlerinde karar destek sürecini besleyen analitik hiyerarşi süreci yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Göstergelerin ölçülebilir, değerlendirmeye açık ve denetlenebilir olması sürdürülebilir yerleşim alanları oluşturulması için bir fırsattır. Kentsel dönüşüm projelerinin olumlu sonuçlarını artırabilmek için yapısal, çevresel ve sosyo-ekonomik bileşenleri kapsayan kriterler tanımlanmıştır. Uzman görüşleriyle kriterler ağırlıklandırılarak kentsel dönüşüm alanlarının belirlenmesinde dikkate alınması gerekebilecek bileşenlerin öncelik sıraları ortaya konmuştur. Önerilen yaklaşım ile kentsel dönüşüm projelerinin öncelikli olarak hangi alandan başlanması ve planlanması gerekliliği tespit edilmiştir.

Bird Flight Resistance Analysis and Planning Strategies in Urban Regeneration Areas: A Case Study of a Certain Area in Shenzhen, China

At present, the sharp decline in urban biodiversity worldwide is severe. Conducting biological perspective analysis and proposing space construction solutions during urban regeneration can greatly alleviate the contradiction between urban construction and biodiversity conservation. In this study, birds were taken as biological representatives, and a certain area in Shenzhen with strong conservation needs was used as an example. Based on a thorough analysis of bird status, the minimum resistance model was applied to establish a resistance surface describing the real flight movement of the indicator species and to construct a bird conservation pattern from the flight process of birds. The results show that: (1) bird flight resistance is the lowest in the southern green space and northern woodland around the reservoir in the research region, and the resistance is higher in the central part, but the path of least resistance therein has the potential to become a corridor. (2) From the perspective of the community structure of green space vegetation, the sparse woodland and shrubland in the research region have low resistance and high richness, which are the most ideal green space forms for birds; from the perspective of architecture, bird flight resistance shows a negative correlation with building height and a positive correlation with building density. The final urban regeneration design plan is thus derived, and the validity of the method is verified based on the biodiversity index. This study reveals the possibility of applying bird flight resistance analysis based on the minimum resistance model to small and medium-scale urban regeneration areas, and also provides insight into the correlation between flight resistance and spatial design elements, which can assist decision-makers, planners and developers in spatial design and planning from a biological standpoint.

Where are the trees? Extent, configuration, and drivers of poor forest recovery 30 years after the 1988 Yellowstone fires

Postfire recovery of fire-adapted forests remains uncertain as climate and fire regimes continue to change. Areas of poor postfire tree regeneration following late-20th-century fires may reveal characteristics associated with increased vulnerability to forest decline. However, sufficient time must have elapsed and pre- and postfire forest cover must be compared to distinguish areas that have not recovered. We used remotely sensed data and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to detect areas of poor forest recovery across > 250,000 ha of area burned as stand-replacing fire 30 years after the 1988 Yellowstone fires. We asked three questions: (1) What is the extent and configuration of sparse and reduced forest recovery? (2) How do vegetation characteristics compare between areas of sparse and reduced recovery vs. recovered forest? (3) What environmental characteristics explain the distribution and patch size of sparse and reduced recovery? We related postfire (2013–14) NDVI to field-measured stem density to establish an NDVI threshold of sparse tree regeneration, and we contrasted pre- (1986–87) and postfire (2018–19) NDVI as a proxy for pre- and postfire forest cover. Sparse and reduced forest recovery occupied ∼ 41,000 ha across the burned area, about half of which was ≥ 150 m from ex situ seed sources. Patches of poor recovery were generally large, with ∼ 13,400 ha in patches ≥ 50 ha and an area-weighted mean patch size of 97 ha. Vegetation was short (<2 m) in areas of sparse and reduced recovery and non-evergreen biomass was three times greater than in recovered forest. Sparse and reduced recovery was more likely at high elevations, on steep slopes, and far from ex situ seed sources, and patches were larger at high elevations and far from seed sources. It took 20 years for sparse and reduced recovery to be distinguishable from recovered forest using NDVI, suggesting a time lag before remotely sensed data can detect alternative pathways of postfire forest recovery. Now, 30 years after the 1988 fires, ∼16 % of the forest burned as stand-replacing fire has failed to recover. The extent and configuration of these areas suggest some may persist as sparse or non-forest for the foreseeable future, with implications for biodiversity and ecosystem processes.

Contributions of Forest Regeneration After Intense Fragmentation in the Amazon through Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis

AbstractThis study analyzes the Amazon rainforest in the Brazilian state of Rondônia from the perspective of the forest regeneration observed from 2008 to 2018. The research examines the regeneration’s contribution to the landscape’s morphological spatial pattern within the state’s geographical limits, conservation units, indigenous lands, and the unprotected region. It assesses how the increase of forest regeneration areas influences morphological spatial patterns and evaluates whether the landscape in Rondônia has benefited from these new areas. The GuidosToolbox software was used to extract the morphological spatial pattern and the indices of morphological spatial patterns of forest habitats. The findings showed that Rondônia developed forest regeneration areas for 10 years, but these areas contributed little to improving the landscape morphological spatial patterns. The increase in regeneration areas contributed adequately only in the unprotected region. Therefore, the forest regeneration was not enough to compensate for the observed deforestation. Thus, conservation actions must be complemented with restoration activities focused on reconnecting patches and increasing the size of forest habitat through projects to encourage environmental regularization of exploited areas.

Taohong Siwu decoction promotes the process of fracture healing by activating the VEGF-FAK signal pathway and systemically regulating the gut microbiota.

This study aimed to explore the effect of Taohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) at the cellular level and the possible mechanism of systemic regulation of gut microbiota on fracture recovery. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) experiments show that THSWD effectively promotes the proliferation of BMSCs. Transwell and wound healing assays show that THSWD effectively promotes the invasion and migration of BMSCs. Alizarin red staining showed that the THSWD model enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, the effect of THSWD on BMSCs is time- and concentration-dependent. RT-qPCR and western blot results showed that THSWD treatment up-regulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Haematoxylin-eosin and crocin O-quick green staining showed that after 14 days of THSWD treatment, the area of callus and cartilage regeneration at the fracture site increased significantly in rats with right femoral shaft fractures. Gut microbiota was changed in fractured rats, such as the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was increased. THSWD showed positive regulation of both to a certain extent. THSWD up-regulates VEGF and activates the FAK signalling pathway to enhance the development and differentiation of BMSCs, and systematically regulates the gut microbiota to promote fracture healing. This study provides new insights on the cellular and systemic level to understand the mechanism of THSWD in the treatment of fractures.

레트로토피아 개념에서의 공간 업사이클링 디자인 특성 연구

Bauman defines retrotopia as a form of rejection of a changing future society that has led to the resurrection of the past, and explains that the past utopia is intentionally trying to repeat the previous state, not the returned form. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to present the possibility of using concepts and applying designs in various fields when proposing concepts in research in the field of spatial design. The background of the theoretical consideration of spatial upcycling of the concept of retrotopia is to analyze and examine components based on the theoretical contents of previous studies and literature studies, identify the main characteristics of retrotopia and spatial upcycling, and construct an analysis framework for this study. Based on the analysis of the main characteristics of retrotopia and the expression characteristics of spatial upcycling with cases including urban regeneration areas in Seoul, we investigate the main characteristics of retrotopia and spatial upcycling and draw conclusions. First, in realizing the concept of retrotopia as a reality, major characteristics could be analyzed through examples that have meaning as a means to satisfy the regression needs of various people. Second, as the main characteristic of retrotopia, it was found that the return to Hobbes was high to the space where violence was felt in the past, and the present, and the future, and many return to the self expressing the joy of futility through temporal travel was confirmed. Third, in facade components that emphasize cultural characteristics that prioritize regional context as a major characteristic of space upcycling, walls and openings reproduce or transform the past form as it is, and traces of the past can be seen in modern space. Finally, it is hoped that the main issues that emerged through the examples will help establish the direction of future design.

Investigation of the Success of Natural Regeneration Fields by Multi-Criteria Decision Making Technique

Natural regeneration management is one of the most important steps of silvicultural practices, and it is important for the short-term regeneration of forests that have completed their natural cycles. Sustainability of forests is possible with the correct determination of the problems and the implementation of the correct plans. In this study, the most successfully assessed area has proven to be accurately determinable with the PROMETHEE method, which is an effective ranking method that works by taking numerical data from the determined trial areas in the natural Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) regeneration area of a forest management directorate. Among the criteria used in the numerical method, we can find the average height, average root neck diameter, and an average number of natural youths. For these criteria, weighting was done with the help of the entropy method. Within the scope of these findings, it has been seen that the success in natural Scotch pine regeneration areas to be realized in other regions is tangibly seen in the numerical data. In addition, this numerical method is important in terms of time efficiency, labor, and economic outputs allocated to these studies.

Involuntary resettlement outcomes following the regeneration of informal communities: The case of Baishizhou urbanizing village in Shenzhen, China

AbstractIn recent decades developing nations have witnessed rapid urbanization with a massive inflow of rural migrants into their cities, creating large areas of informal settlements. However, city administrators have begun the regeneration of informal settlements resulting in gentrification and the involuntary resettlement of the informal settlement residents. Although a great deal of research has been conducted on regeneration projects, little is known about the resettlement outcomes of those removed. Therefore, it is essential to explore the spatial effect of urban regeneration and the relocation pathways of the forcibly removed tenants. This study examined the heterogeneity of residential relocation brought about by urban regeneration. With a support vector machine model applied under the proposed classification framework, six relocation patterns were identified in Baishizhou urban regeneration area, in Shenzhen, China. By analysing the variations in changes in housing security, neighbourhood and accessibility, the heterogeneity of relocation pathways revealed the relocation preference of different groups and the vulnerability of the residents. While the urban landscape's aesthetic quality may benefit from regeneration, the quality of life of many of those removed was shown to decrease. The results call for more social inclusion and sustainable urban regeneration, with efficient and targeted policy needing to be designed to protect the housing wellbeing of this vulnerable group.

Exploring the institutional dilemma and governance transformation in China's urban regeneration: Based on the case of Shanghai Old Town

Urban regeneration in the historic core of Chinese cities largely follows one of two possibilities – ‘demolition-reconstruction,’ by tearing down old houses to make room for new development, and ‘frozen protection,’ designating no-growth areas around certain historical sites and neighborhoods. While these approaches have the potential to preserve recognized cultural values, they can lead to fragmented and uneven built environments as well as limited historic preservation and infrastructure development achievements. In this paper, we discuss the institutional constraints faced by the transformation of regeneration approaches using the cases of Shanghai's historic Old Town area and propose a theoretical framework for analyzing the ‘structure-discourse-tools' interactions in the urban regeneration dilemma from the lens of sociological institutionalism. Our analysis reveals that discourse plays the role of problem framing through the operation of the power structure, while institutional tools are responsible for materializing the discourse. We argue that innovative approaches in urban regeneration should step outside of the conventional ‘control’ and ‘design’ tools but seek a more inclusive governance structure that prioritizes and materializes new discourse. Our study provides a transferable theoretical framework for better understanding complexity and institutional dilemma in global urban regeneration cases and guiding creative transformation in historical area's regeneration projects.

Simulation Analyses Related to Human Bone Scaffold: Utilisation of Solidworks® Software in 3D Modelling and Mechanical Simulation Analyses

Bone loss is risen due to fractures, surgeries and traumatic injuries. Scientists and engineers work over the years to find solutions to heal and accelerate bone regeneration. Bone grafting technique has been utilised which projects significant improvement in bone regeneration area. An extensive study is essential on the relation between the mechanical properties of bone scaffolds and the design of bone scaffolds in forecasting permeability access to promote bone growth and nutrient distribution. In reducing cost and time, mechanical simulation analyses are beneficial to simulate the relation. There are abundant of review works on the mechanical simulation analyses towards orthopaedic metallic implants. While the review on simulation analyses towards bone scaffolds are scarce. Therefore, this review study is intended to expose the utilisation of computer simulation analysis, specifically Solidworks® software in modelling three-dimensional (3D) scaffold models, performing mechanical simulation and analysing bone scaffold structure. The data were collected from three main sources of Google search, Scopus search and Science Direct search. From this review procedure, there are various computational software have been combined and used to perform several types of simulation analyses on bone scaffolds including Solidwork, Ansys, Abaqus, COMSOL Multiphysics, MATLAB etc. Among the simulation analyses, two main tests that can be simulated are mechanical test and fluid modelling. Solidwork® as one of the computer-aided design softwares has been extensively used to design two and 3D models. The advancement of this software on the performance of mechanical simulation analyses has also extended its application towards variety of applications including on bone scaffold evaluation. There are several parameters which are necessary to be set prior to the conduction of mechanical simulation analysis such as applied forces, material properties, mesh properties and boundary condition. As a conclusion, Solidwork® software is applicable to be used as a 3D modelling software to design bone scaffolds and to perform mechanical simulation analyses.

Investigation of Collagen-Incorporated Sodium Alginate Bioprinting Hydrogel for Tissue Engineering

Tissue engineering is a promising area that is aimed at tissue regeneration and wound repair. Sodium alginate (SA) has been widely used as one of the most biocompatible materials for tissue engineering. The cost-efficiency and rapid gel ability made SA attractive in would healing and regeneration area. To improve printability and elasticity, many hydrogel-based bioinks were developed by mixing SA with other natural or synthetic polymers. In this paper, composite SA/COL bioink was used for the bioprinting of artificial cartilage tissue mimicries. The results showed that the concentration of both SA and COL has significant effects on filament diameter and merging. A higher concentration of the bioink solution led to better printing fidelity and less deformation. Overall, a higher SA concentration and a lower COL concentration contributed to a lower shrinkage ratio after crosslinking. In summary, the SA/COL composite bioink has favorable rheological properties and this study provided material composition optimization for future bioprinting of engineered tissues.

KÜTAHYA YÖRESİ BAZI SİLVİKÜLTÜREL UYGULAMALARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Afforestation of forest fire area, natural regeneration and routine afforestation areas which were basic silvicultural practices were investigated based on Kutahya Forest District by three sampled areas which was each 1000 m2 of each practices by height, diameter, age and number of seedlings/reproductions to contribute forestry practices, in this study. Results of study showed that number of individuals (266) and average height (295.5 cm) were the highest in natural regeneration areas, while diameter at base was the highest (8.5 cm) in routine afforestation areas. Ages of forest fire area and routine afforestation areas were similar (8.8 and 8.9 years), while it was higher (10.5 years) in natural regeneration area. There were large differences among sampled areas within method for the characteristics. The variation could be because of mother tree or also called seed tree which were used in the practices. Significant differences (p&amp;lt;0.01) were found among forest fire, natural regeneration, and routine afforestation areas, and within practice among sampled areas by results of analysis of variance. The results emphasized importance of local forestry practices and regeneration methods. However, there could be many environmental and biological factors in the variation such as species, method, edaphic and age. Duncan’s multiple range’s test showed that height had the highest heterogeneous than other characteristics. It showed importance of height as a selection criterion for forestry practices to obtain higher quality and quantity forest products. Positive and significant (p&amp;lt;0.01) relations among the characteristics were estimated by results of phenotypic correlation analysis. The results could be used for early tending practices such as early and cultural stages. Some suggestions were given such as tending, method of silvicultural practices and for other practices based on results of the study. However, the present study had limited areas. New studies should be carried out in different regions and species, and also characteristics to give accurate conclusions for the forestry practices.