Garbage Dump Research Articles

The use of very low-frequency electromagnetic survey in the mapping of groundwater condition in oporoza-gbamaratu area of the Niger Delta

The use of VLF-EM in sedimentary basins has not been fully understood and has not attracted substantial usage in groundwater exploration, specifically in coastal Niger Delta. In the present study, VLF and 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) surveys were combined with hydrogeochemical data to examine groundwater quality. Both interpretations of VLF and 2D ERI uncovered subsurface conductive geologic materials. Eight groundwater and one river water samples as well as static water level were analyzed to complement geophysical data (VLF-EM and ERI). The results suggested that conductive materials detected in the subsurface are unconnected with intrusion of sea water but depicted clay material typical of tidal flat deposits. Furthermore, hydraulic heads estimated from water level and land elevation measurements did suggest that groundwater flows into the Escravos River. Also, the stage of the Escravos River is above water levels in boreholes and hand-dug wells, which is not an indicative of the incursion of salt water into aquifer from the river. The slight level of nitrate loading in groundwater probably suggests contamination emanating from anthropogenic sources such as septic tanks and leachates from diffuse refuse dumps. The study has validated the effectiveness of VLF technique usage in sedimentary basins for the delineation of groundwater quality, but not without important hydrogeochemical data.

Reclaiming the Discarded: Life and Labor on Rio’s Garbage Dump. Kathleen M.Millar, Durham: Duke University Press, 2018, 248 pp.

Reclaiming the Discarded: Life and Labor on Rio’s Garbage Dump. Kathleen M.Millar, Durham: Duke University Press, 2018, 248 pp.

Disaster Vector Control in Mississippi After Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned

Hurricane Katrina devastated the Mississippi Gulf Coast on August 29, 2005, causing an ecological disaster. Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH) entomologists established a vector control program in affected areas with the following objectives: 1) helping local vector control agencies reestablish services, 2) performing mosquito surveillance, and 3) establishing mosquito larviciding and adulticiding where necessary. The MSDH personnel also helped write Action Request Forms requesting assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for increased ground spraying in the 6 lower counties. Mosquito surveillance was conducted daily for 2 wk after the storm, then weekly for another month. Sanitation lagged, with people using makeshift latrines or simply piles of rubbish for bathrooms. Filth flies contaminated food and food surfaces. Responders lived in tent cities, many allowing filth fly access. Approximately 2 wk after hurricane landfall, due to increasing mosquito numbers, MSDH entomologists requested FEMA for an aerial spraying of insecticide to reduce nuisance mosquito biting in the area. A private vendor made 1 application of naled (Dibrom®) insecticide in the 3 coastal counties, yielding over 90% control in entire counties in 1 night. No complaints or medical or environmental problems from the increased ground spraying and aerial spraying were reported. Overall, important lessons in disaster vector control were learned, including how to work effectively with Centers for Disease Control, FEMA, and the US Public Health Service personnel, how to manage the public relations/educational aspects, and how to avoid or mitigate political interference in the disaster response.

Garbage as Racialization

SummaryThis essay examines parallels between the representation of garbage and the racialized production of the category of the human. In recent years, waste has become a ubiquitous metaphor for understanding the lives of the jobless poor, perceived as discarded by global capitalism and thereby rendered “disposable life.” The essay questions the conflation of waste with abjection through an ethnographic analysis of a film and art project produced on a garbage dump in Rio de Janeiro.

Comparative agronomic effectiveness of two agrowastes and NPK fertilizer on the performance of Amaranthus caudatus

Production of agricultural wastes is increasing while soils are progressively losing organic matter due to intensive cultivation and climatic conditions. This makes the recycling of organic wastes a useful alternative to incineration, landfill or rubbish dumps. The effects of two agro- wastes and mineral fertilizer on growth and yield of leaf amaranth were assessed in a pot experiment at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. Treatments consisted of poultry manure (PM) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) each applied at 8 and 16MT/ha while NPK 15-15-15 was applied at 150, 200kgha-1 and no fertilizer as control. Seeds of amaranthus caudatus variety were sown in plastic pot (50x20x40cm) containing 20kg top soil. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Data were taken on plant height, stem girth, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, edible yield and above ground plant weight at 6 weeks after planting. The results revealed that the agrowastes significantly (p<0.05) resulted in better performance of leaf amaranth. Application of 16MT/ha PM gave the highest fresh and edible weight of 211.23 and 98.80g respectively. POME also performed better than NPK fertilizer in some of the parameters measured. This indicated that PM and POME could serves as an alternative sources of nutrient to mineral fertilizer for leaf amaranth and also a sustainable fertility management strategy for crop production.
 Keywords: amaranth, palm oil mill effluent, organic fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, utilization

The Importance-performance Analysis of Ecotourism Subcomponents Based on Visitor Perspectives in Helena Sky Bridge

Aims: To analyze the importance and performance rate of various ecotourism component based on visitor perspectives in Helena sky bridge.
 Study Design: Interview method.
 Place and Duration of Study: October 2018 in Helena sky bridge, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, Maros District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.
 Methodology: The interview method, by using prepared structured questionnaire with close ended questions, applied on 50 respondents selected through quoted accidental sampling technique. There were 33 ecotourism subcomponents assessed based on Likert scale. Obtained data processed by the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) and displayed in Cartesian diagram.
 Results: There was variation of respondent characteristics in term of gender, age, number of visits, visiting purpose and domicile. However, most visitor was young people (18-28 years old) and come from Makassar. The highest performance rate was found on panorama, while the lowest performance rate was homestay. For the importance, the highest score was showed by 3 subcomponents, namely service, skill and garbage dump, while the lowest one was festival. In average, the performance rate of all subcomponents was 2.70 (moderate), while the importance was 3.93 (good). There was a gap between performance and importance that need proper management actions. Development effort should be concentrated in 7 subcomponents plotted in 1st quadrant, such as the easiness access to get transportation, guide and interpreter, public lavatory, garbage dump, health facility, shopping facility, and clean water availability. 13 subcomponents had already in a good performance, mostly from natural attraction. 10 subcomponents were classed into 3rd quadrant with low priority management strategy. Moreover, 3 subcomponents (cultural landscape, local peoples’ daily life and hospitality) were in 4th quadrant with possible overkill situation.
 Conclusion: Ecotourism subcomponents such as the easiness access to get transportation, guide and interpreter, public lavatory, garbage dump, health facility, shopping facility, and clean water availability should be prioritized.

Multiple obnoxious facilities location: A cooperative model

A given number of communities exist in an area. Several obnoxious facilities, such as polluting factories, garbage dumps, need to be located in the area. The nuisance emitted by the facilities is cumulative. The objective is to minimize the nuisance inflicted on the most affected community. This problem is useful for planners who frequently face the challenge of locating obnoxious facilities and have no easy way to determine a good set of locations for these facilities. No existing model considers the cumulative effect of nuisance generated by the facilities.A multi-start approach by the SNOPT and IPOPT solvers in Matlab, which are considered to be the best available general-purpose nonlinear solvers, gave poor results. However, an innovative, specially designed Voronoi-based heuristic produced much better results in a small fraction of the run time. In many cases, nuisance is cut by more than half, and run time is more than a hundred times faster. As detailed in the conclusions section, the applications of our methodology extend beyond the model presented in this article

Patterns of plastic ingestion in Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) populations breeding in northern Patagonia, Argentina

Human waste is a global concern, and volumes are growing rapidly. For opportunistic species, like many birds, urban waste offers alternative food which in turn may lead to plastic ingestion with potential negative effects. We assessed the incidence of plastics and other marine debris in breeding Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) diet at nine colonies located along ~2400 km of coastline from southern Buenos Aires to southern Chubut, Argentina, using regurgitated pellets (n = 2355) and chick stomach content samples (n = 588). Plastics were recorded at all colonies, and incidence varied between 0.0 and 16.2% in adult pellets and 0.0–12.5% in chick stomach content samples, depending on the colony, breeding stage and year. Contrary to our expectation, incidence of debris including plastics in Kelp Gull diet was relatively low despite its opportunistic feeding habits and widespread use of refuse dumps, even at colonies located close (<10 km) to these anthropogenic food subsidies.

Reading the rubbish dump as a heterotopia in Neill Blomkamp’s district 9

ABSTRACT I read the rubbish dumps of Neill Blomkamp’s 2009 film District 9 in order to think about how peripheral places and communities can reframe the South African city. In the film, dumps are sites of abandonment and transformation. This doubleness exemplifies Michel Foucault’s privileged site, the heterotopia. I focus on two scenes that take up little of the film’s running time but speak to the possibilities of the dump as more than simply a space of immiseration. The scenes unsettle orthodoxies of space that define the postapartheid city and reposition the heterotopic dump at the urban centre rather than the margins.

Analysis of the tree stands health status in the near border area of Russia and Finland based on the regular grid of sample plots and GIS-technologies

During the summer field season of 2019, the state of stands in the border zone of Russia and Finland was assessed on the basis of previously established regular network of permanent sample plots (PSP) of the ICP-Forests program. The research was conducted on the territory of the Vyborg district of the Leningrad region located closely to Finnish border. PSP are arranged as a regular network with a step of 4-8 km. Each PSP is a 4-element cluster, strongly oriented to North-South and West-East, consisting of 4 subplots, on each of which evaluated the health state of 6 specially selected model trees. Also occurrence of natural damaging factors such as insects, deceases, wind withdrawals, snow and frost damage as well as manmade such as forest fires, air pollution, garbage dump was registered. Special attention was paid to assessing the availability and stock of dead wood. All collected data was put into special database and analyzed using MapInfo 10.0 Professional software to reveal spatial regularities in tree stands health status characteristics. The concept of tree stand “temperature” was used in statistical analysis of trees distribution over damage classes to interpret the tree stands health status in more holistic and transparent way.

Characterization in environmental culture of banana plantations in the province of El Oro

The objective of this investigation is to characterize the environmental problems in the banana plantations of the Province of El Oro. The setting where the investigation was carried out is in the banana plantations of the Province of El Oro, classified as organic and conventional. Theoretical methods such as synthetic analytic and deductive inductive and empirical structured interview and survey have been used. The fundamental results are in the homogeneity that exists between the ages of the workers by sex, as well the similarities in the dimension associated with educational knowledge of the environment and the differences in those that belong to the dimension of harmful effects to the health. In conventional banana plants, plastic waste, in a high percent, is thrown in the garbage dumps. It can be concluded that the banana plantations of the Province of El Oro have been characterized in relation to the environmentalist culture that they possess, taking into account the classification made of them.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) Sebagai Material Agregat Pembuatan Paving Block Dalam Upaya Mengurangi Timbulan Sampah Di TPST Bantargebang

TPST Bantargebang functions as a garbage dump originating from DKI Jakarta Province and Bekasi City. Based on data from the DKI Jakarta Provincial Environment Office, in 2016 the average amount of waste entering the Bantargebang TPST reached 6,562 tons/day. The composition of the waste consists of 54% organic waste, 15% paper waste, 14% plastic waste, and others, reaching 17% (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup DKI Jakarta Province, 2018). If this garbage is just piled up, it is predicted that TPST Bantargebang will be full within the next 10 years. For this reason, alternative processing efforts are needed to reduce the amount of waste at TPST Bantargebang. One of the uses of PET plastic waste is to change its form into coarse aggregate used to make paving blocks. The use of plastic waste aggregate mixture into paving blocks aims to increase its compressive strength. In addition, the use of plastic waste is also expected to overcome the problem of plastic waste caused by the increase in the use of single-use plastics in Indonesia. PET plastic is converted to coarse aggregate material by melting it in a pan at a temperature of 250ºC for 45 minutes. Then poured into a ceramic mold until cool, then pounded and sieved using a square filter. The results of the compressive strength test at the Bandung National Institute of Technology public laboratory showed that pavement blocks using PET plastic aggregate 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% had an average compressive strength of 32.82 MPa, 32.77 MPa, 35.19 MPa, and 33.56 MPa. Based on this data, the use of PET plastic aggregate can increase the compressive strength of pavement blocks with the most effective composition being 15% plastic aggregate. However, the paving block has not passed the SNI 03-0691-1996 test because it did not meet several tests, namely the bending strength test and the water absorption test.

Waste Management the Low-Cost Apartment Building, District of Baleendah Bandung 2018

Introduction: Bandung was one of the areas that had not applied a good waste management yet. From 1,440 tons/day waste produced around 320 tons were managed. The effects of untreated waste were carrying the vector of disease, aesthetic decrease, environmental quality, and flood. The aim of this research was to identify the condition of waste management in Rusunawa Balaendah in 2018. Method: The research used observational method with cross sectional design. The object of this research was families who lived in Rusunawa Balaeendah with 60 respondents were obtained with sampling random area tehcnique. Observation variables were sorting, storing, collecting, and the amount of waste generation. This research used direct measurement method to calculated the waste generation during 8 days in May 15 to 21 2018 according to SNI No. 19-3964-1994. Method for collected the data used interview and field observation. The data was presented by table frequency distribution and chart to analyzed the result of the observation. Result and Discussion: The result of this research was shown that respondents who had good waste management were 3%, the storage phase for the ownership of trash that had not requirements yet were 70%, and garbage that was not in TPS was 97%. The amount of waste generation was 0.356kg/person/day. The level of respondents’ knowledges about it was 45% which was on adequate category and the behaviour was 96,6% which was on deficient category. Conclusion: The result of this research was to know that waste management in Rusunawa Balaeendah was not appropriate with the provision. Based on the research, the suggestion is to build a garbage dump that has 3R method of waste management and to collaborate with DKRTH for the transfer of residual waste.

Frequency and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Species Isolated from the Body Surface of the Housefly (Musca domestica) in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Background:The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria has become a serious problem worldwide. Houseflies are potential carriers of pathogenic and resistant bacteria and could be contributing to the global spread of these strains in the environments. We investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistant profiles of bacteria isolated from houseflies in Akure.Methods:Twenty-five houseflies were captured by a sterile nylon net from the slaughterhouse, garbage dump, human house, hospital, and eatery from 9:00am to 1:00pm when the flies were active and transported immediately to the laboratory in sterile containers for processing. Bacterial loads were enumerated by serial dilution and plating on nutrient agar and selective media. Bacteria species were isolated by conventional isolation technique. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique.Results:Sixty-seven bacterial species were isolated from 25 samples that were collected. The predominant bacterial species was Escherichia coli (n= 31, 45%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n= 17, 25%), Staphylococcus aureus (n= 11, 16%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n= 3, 4.3%). The bacterial load of the samples ranged from 9.7×105CFU/mL to 1.65×106CFU/mL. The results revealed that all isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp, and Proteus mirabilis were resistant to streptomycin and cotrimoxazole, augmentin and amoxicillin respectively. None of the S. aureus isolates was resistant to cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, sparfloxacin, augmentin, and ofloxacin. All isolates were multi-drug resistant.Conclusion:House flies that were collected from the slaughterhouse, garbage dump, human house, hospital, and eatery may participate in the dispersal of pathogenic and resistant bacteria in the study environment.

Using Placemaking Methodologies to Transform Degraded Public Spaces into Places

Communities living in Latin American slums present more vulnerability of diseases, high rates of infant mortality, and low life expectancy, generally as a result of the high levels of soil contamination. Furthermore, in our case study of the 4th District of Porto Alegre, the community depends on recycling materials from waste for their livelihood. In consequence, the public spaces are used as a garbage dump, accentuating health problems and making social interactions difficult. In this context, our applied research group aims to construct social spaces, improving the inhabitants’ quality of life through participative methodologies that encourage the use of the public spaces of these districts without prejudice of the economic system based on garbage. Our strategy relies on the actions and interactions of humans and the place in sub developed urban areas.

The Union of the First and the Second Nature

The importance of the problem under investigation results from the growth of Russia’s towns and cities and related destructive expansion of architecture in urban and natural environmental systems. Unavoidably, there appear a great number of problems caused by haphazard construction, uncontrolled activities of development companies and their aggressive reclamation of suburban territories resulting in crisis phenomena, such as spontaneous trash dumps, oil and water pollution, and green belt destruction. The ways of solving these problems are complicated and costly. The objective of this article is to form a new principle of designing urban and suburban areas where the basis of the project, its chief idea is a fragment of living nature (the first nature) organically implanted in a new architectural context (the second nature). The result of this approach can be a new area where it will be possible not only to combine architecture and nature but also to create conditions for their synchronous development. A way of solving this actual problem of preserving the first nature is to analyze contemporary Russia’s and worldwide experience of designing new residential areas, complexes and architectural clusters. Objectives of combining new technologies. The ideas of the article items can become a foundation for elaborating a method of design for an essentially new urban environment. Primarily, these methods are intended for inspiring young designers’ creative search, forming their artistic and project thinking based on new imagery. The first nature as a source of inspiration and a factor of form creation and style. A new attitude to the living environment as an integral organism will help to create a new living environment, really beautiful and comfortable – one of sustainable development.

Effects Of Refuse Dump On Ground Water Quality Within The Rivers State University Campus, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Effects Of Refuse Dump On Ground Water Quality Within The Rivers State University Campus, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Prevalence and Health Implication of Macro-faunae in Selected Refuse Dump Sites in Umuahia Metropolis, Abia State, South-East Nigeria

Prevalence and Health Implication of Macro-faunae in Selected Refuse Dump Sites in Umuahia Metropolis, Abia State, South-East Nigeria

The Hidden Midden: Geoarchaeological investigation of sedimentation processes, waste disposal practices, and resource management at the La Tène settlement of Basel‐Gasfabrik (Switzerland)

AbstractTo interpret artifact assemblages, it is necessary to understand the processes that have formed and influenced them: layer formation processes, cultural practices, and the way resources were used. In this study, we present our results of micromorphologically analyzed pits, ditches, house floors, and occupation layers found within the younger Iron Age settlement of Basel‐Gasfabrik. We defined 11 microfacies types and put them into a spatial and stratigraphic context. In addition, we quantify waste categories according to the archaeological features and microfacies types. Our results suggest that some ditches played a role in the spatial organization of the settlement, others were used as water canals. Several pits show a secondary use as roofed construction in the context of handicrafts. In addition, mapping the microfacies types reveals a differentiated use of space. Finally, differences between waste categories are visible. Dung was used as fuel and probably as fertilizer, whereas animal bone fragments and ceramic sherds have been stored on rubbish dumps, where they were available as raw material. These new insights into the use of pits, ditches, and settlement areas as well as the handling of resources provide an important basis for understanding everyday life in the settlement of Basel‐Gasfabrik.

INDISCRIMINATE REFUSE DUMPING AND FLOODING IN AMASSOMA COMMUNITY, NIGERIA

Appropriate waste disposal is crucial for a healthy environment and avoidance of health hazards. Environmental problems arising from indiscriminate dumping of refuse needs urgent attention, control and management in Nigeria. This study sought to examine the relationship between indiscriminate refuse dumping and flooding in Amassoma community of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on structural-functionalist theory. The study engaged the survey research design and its population comprised residents of Amassoma community and staff of Bayelsa State Environmental Sanitation Authority. A triangulation of both quantitative and qualitative method of data collection was used. Quantitatively, a sample size of 378 were administered closed ended structured questionnaires which elicited information based on the study’s objectives, while qualitatively, 5 respondents participated in the study’s in-depth interview which allowed for participants to disclose their feelings and attitude more readily about the subject matter. The non-probability sampling technique involving the use of accidental sampling was employed in selecting the study respondents. Quantitative data were analyzed using the non-parametric method of Chi-square, while qualitative data was content analyzed using verbatim quotations. The study findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between the waste disposal habit of the people and flooding and also, between poor waste management and flooding in the study area. It also revealed a significant relationship between drains blocked by refuse dumping and flooding in Amassoma community. The study therefore recommends a communal orientation on the need for proper waste disposal for residents of Amassoma community to ensure positive attitude towards waste management and, effective control of indiscriminate refuse dumping in drains, so as to reduce the incidence of flooding in the community.