Refugee Dilemma Research Articles

Historical and Modern Catalysts of the HK Refugee Dilemma

To explain the causes of local anti-refugee sentiment propagated throughout local Hong Kong, this article delves into historical deadlocks notably the cultural revolution and influx of Vietnamese boat people that led the citys attitudes to transition from relatively lax policies into strict regulations and negative media portrayal still present today. Yet, the present-day Hong Kong protests are brought into context to explain the slight generational gap in refugee sentiment. Finally, the Hong Kong refugee dilemma is brought into context compared with similar deadlocks in Norway and Germany to suggest an optimal mode of action moving forward.

The Roles of Alliances in Governments’ Relationships Between Bangladesh and Indonesia Epoch of H. E. Sheikh Hasina and H. E. Joko Widodo: The Case of Rohingya Refugees (2017-2020)

Indonesia is one of the first nations to formally acknowledging Bangladesh's independence that is in February 1972. However, there is lacking scientific study on both government relations. To solve the Rohingya crisis in Bangladesh from Myanmar. This study analyzes the roles of alliances in government relationships between Bangladesh and Indonesia in the epoch of prime minister Shaikh Hasina and President Joko Widodo, the Rohingya refugee (2017-2020). This qualitative research operates secondary data; Qualitative Descriptive (QD) is a form used in the qualitative study for comprehensive thoughts, expressly regulating the relevant phenomena. The research questions, what kind of challenges Indonesia and Bangladesh friendship faced on the Rohingya issue? How did both nations overcome, and what are the roles in their governmental alliances played? The study found that both countries have effective diplomatic administrative regulations. Indonesian government's efforts in the case of Rohingya are very active compared to other Asian countries. In reply to the Rohingya emigrant crisis and the maintaining of reciprocal settlement with the Bangladesh government in focusing of Indonesia diplomacy, is to find the arrangement of the refugee dilemma by approaching the root elements of the puzzle and intensifying the collaboration in determining the crisis. In short, the Bangladesh government appreciated the efforts of the Indonesian authority by mutual relationships even the friendship is upon the reciprocal agreement. It suggests that both governments should maintain an equal or more friendly bilateral settlement to keep these diplomatic relations effective and fruitful for both nations.

Untangling Decision Routes in Moral Dilemmas: The Refugee Dilemma

Abstract It is sometimes considered that there are 2 routes to moral choice, deontological and utilitarian (with debate as to whether each of these routes uniquely reflect emotional vs. analytic components). Yet in moral judgments we are often faced with a third route to choice, based on rules imposed by an outside agency (most typically the legal framework of a country). Whether we agree with these rules or not, we can choose to guide moral choice in this way. Moreover, depending on the situation, we can sometimes choose to prioritize such external rules or not. Sometimes external rules coincide with either deontological or utilitarian biases. But what happens when they do not? Using a novel paradigm for moral judgment, the refugee dilemma, we provide evidence for such a route to moral choice based on external rules. We show in 3 experiments that participants with high scores on a cognitive reflection test or under cognitive load were more likely to adopt utilitarian or rule-based responses, as opposed to emotional ones. We also found that rule-based respondents reported the highest average psychological distance. These findings extend the predominant approach of dual process models. Supplemental materials are available here: https://www.press.uillinois.edu/journals/ajp/media/untangling_decision_routes_in_moral_dilemmas/index.html

The challenge of immigration to Europe

The article analyses the refugee dilemma and the differing reactions and attitudes in European countries. It concentrates on the mass immigration to Europe since 2015. The main focus here is on Germany, which had accepted the highest number of refugees. It shows that after a phase of welcome culture, attitudes in part have changed towards rejection and rising xenophobia. Extreme right parties have gained support all over in Europe by using immigrants as scapegoats for downsizing welfare, rising inequality, and unemployment. The article not only shows the causes of flight and reactions on mass immigration but also proposes human alternatives, which is missing in publications on the “refugee crisis” in Europe. These proposals would help to minimize the -sometimes- deadly trip to Europe, and furthermore, would reduce the immense challenge of integration in the European societies and help to defend democratic culture.

Os refugiados e a nova lei de migração

A regulamentação da nova Lei de Migração trouxe um tratamento mais digno e humanitário aos migrantes que vivem no Brasil, englobando também uma proteção maior aos indivíduos em risco humanitário, como os refugiados. A questão dos refugiados é uma discussão atual e de extrema importância frente a uma crise de refugiados que o mundo vem passando. A nova legislação brasileira se mostrou indo na direção oposta do que se tem sido feito por outros países, principalmente nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, uma vez que é uma resposta mais humana a esse dilema. Além disso, a nova lei está em consonância com compromissos humanitários internacionais assumidos pelo Brasil. Por isso, o presente trabalho irá retratar a proteção dada aos refugiados pela nova Lei de Migração, e, através de um estudo de caso dos refugiados venezuelanos no Brasil, verificar o grau de eficácia desta lei.

From Stranger to Citizen?: Germany's Refugee Dilemma

A large number of the 1.2 million refugees who made their way to Germany over the last two years are likely to remain in the country. But many will now do so with reluctance and abiding unease. After all, they did not choose to come to Germany for the freedom of driving on the German Autobahn or to partake in the earthly delights of Munich's Oktoberfest but to flee from the ravaged lands of Syria, Afghanistan, or Iraq. The crux of the problem for them and for German society is clear: how can they integrate quickly and effectively in order to create new, meaningful lives for themselves as well as contribute to German public life? Under the German Nationality Law of 2000 they are eligible for citizenship after living in the country for eight years. In the mean-time, how can they begin to make Germany their new home?

The refugee dilemma and migrant crisis: ‘Charity begins at Home’ or ‘Being Home to the Homeless’? The paradoxical stance in pastoral caregiving and the infiltration and <i>perichoresis</i> of compassion

The current refugee and migrant crisis is revealing on a deeper ‘spiritual level’ a crisis of meaning and habitus (attitudinal crisis). Because of prejudice, xenophobia reveals a crisis of compassion and diaconic outreach. How should local communities and communities of faith display hospitality (xenophilia) to the other (stranger, foreigner, outsider) in cases where one’s own life is threatened by those you are supposed to care for? Is it true that charity begins at home, or is charity, as determined by the Christian notions of ḥesed and oiktirmos, an inclusive concept that should or could start with the homeless, the outcast and the outsider as well? This question points to the danger of selective compassion. It is argued that pastoral caregiving, within the refugee and migrant dilemma, should apply a hermeneutics of complexity and paradox. In this regard the theological paradox of the passion (pathē) of Christ should be implied in order to make room (perichoresis) for displaced and homeless people. The theological argument is based on the following presupposition: the passio dei defines ‘practice’ in pastoral theology as compassionate hospitality, as a mode of being-with, that eventually should infiltrate and penetrate the systemic paranoia of prejudice, as well as the networking dynamics of human relationships, irrespective of race, class and gender distinctions.

`A Phantom Menace and the New Apartheid': The Social Construction of Asylum-Seekers in the United Kingdom

A succession of well-publicized incidents in Britain, and elsewhere, has highlighted the dilemma of refugees and seekers of asylum. A number of desperate human tragedies allied to some very dubious institutional practices and decisions have been a cause for concern. Drawing upon that vast corpus of information we call `common knowledge', together with other more exclusive sources of knowledge, British national newspapers and their readers, among others, are involved in the social construction of asylum-seekers. Ideas of citizenship, identity and Nation-hood are employed within a variety of discursive and rhetorical strategies that form part of an `elite' discourse, one that contributes to a `new Apartheid'. This article presents a discursive and rhetorical analysis of letters written to British national newspapers by members of the public. Asylum-seekers find themselves [re]positioned and contrasted with a variety of other social groups in such a way as to justify disregarding some of the central tenets of British democracy. Dissenting voices and a `counter' discourse are evident although very much a minority. It is argued that applied discursive work is necessary to bolster resistance and deconstruct the `new Apartheid'.

Locating Refugee/Migration Studies in Conflict Research: The Host Agenda in the Republic of Ireland

The remit of this paper is to locate refugee/migration studies in the context of conflict research by presenting Ireland as a case study. This paper illustrates how, at international level, the response to the refugee dilemma has moved from a focus on humanitarian assistance to an approach based on human rights and how this change has affected international and domestic relations. In an effort to outline the levels of political intervention and contestation, this analysis will broadly identify actors and map the conflict of interests and positions that arises from the refugee/immigration debate in Europe by presenting specific examples that spark political opposition. This paper also seeks to reflect on the management of power in immigration control. Ireland is presented here as an illuminating example of how a European democracy with an international reputation for its advocacy and protection of human rights may face increasing difficulty in maintaining its good record with the arrival of asylum-seekers at its doors.

Locating Refugee/Migration Studies in Conflict Research: the Host Agenda in the Republic of Ireland

The remit of this paper is to locate refugee/migration studies in the context of conflict research by presenting Ireland as a case study. This paper illustrates how, at international level, the response to the refugee dilemma has moved from a focus on humanitarian assistance to an approach based on human rights and how this change has affected international and domestic relations. In an effort to outline the levels of political intervention and contestation, this analysis will broadly identify actors and map the conflict of interests and positions that arises from the refugee/immigration debate in Europe by presenting specific examples that spark political opposition. This paper also seeks to reflect on the management of power in immigration control. Ireland is presented here as an illuminating example of how a European democracy with an international reputation for its advocacy and protection of human rights may face increasing difficulty in maintaining its good record with the arrival of asylum-seekers at its doors.

Perceived Security Threat and the Global Refugee Crisis

The refugee dilemma has moved to the center of world concern, and it occupies an important spot on national security agendas to augment its position on the global humanitarian agenda. This article analyzes the causes and consequences of the perceived security threat surrounding the global refugee crisis. In studying this predicament for governments and citizens in both sending and receiving states, this study combines theoretical propositions with empirical evidence, primarily about the ongoing dilemmas in Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Rwanda.

Bibliography

Bibliography

The refugee dilemma and Africa's children

The refugee dilemma and Africa's children

Repatriation: Its Role in Resolving Africa's Refugee Dilemma

The literature on Africa's refugees has grown dramatically over the past decade. Two issues, however, remain relatively unresearched and poorly understood — the plight of urban refugees and the problems associated with repatriation. This article examines the dimensions of the latter. After placing repatriation into the context of contemporary durable solutions applied to the African refugee dilemma, the article examines some of the problems, concerns and frustrations associated with African repatriation exercises in terms of cultural, economic and political obstacles encountered in the process of repatriation and the concomitant rehabilitation of refugees in their areas of origin. The article is illustrated with examples drawn from the Southern Sudanese repatriation of the early 1970s.

Repatriation: Its Role in Resolving Africa's Refugee Dilemma

The literature on Africa's refugees has grown dramatically over the past decade. 2 issues, however, remain relatively unresearched and poorly understood - the plight of urban refugees and the problems associated with repatriation. This article examines the dimensions of the latter. After placing repatriation into the context of contemporary durable solutions applied to the African refugee dilemma, the article examines some of the problems, concerns and frustrations associated with African repatriation exercises in terms of cultural, economic, and political obstacles encountered in the process of repatriation and the concomitant rehabilitation of refugees in their areas of origin. The article is illustrated with examples drawn from the Southern Sudanese repatriation of the early 1970s.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:Hunger and History: The Impact of Changing Food Production and Consumption Patterns on Society, Edited by Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb. Medical Consequences of Natural Disasters by Lazar BeninImposing Aid: Emergency Assistance to Refugees by B.E. Harrell‐BondToo Many, Too Long: Sudan's Twenty‐year Refugee Dilemma by John R. Rogge. Rowman and AllanheldDisaster Preparedness and the 1984 Earthquakes in Central Italy by David AlexanderFamine as a Geographical Phenomenon, Edited by Bruce Currey and Graeme Hugo. Published by D. Reidel, Dordrecht/Boston/Lancaster, 1984Violent Forces of Nature Edited by R.H. Maybury

1: A Case Study in International Refugee Policy: Lowland Lao Refugees

Center for Migration Studies special issuesVolume 5, Issue 2 p. 17-33 Free Access 1: A Case Study in International Refugee Policy: Lowland Lao Refugees Marilyn Lacey, Marilyn LaceySearch for more papers by this author Marilyn Lacey, Marilyn LaceySearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2050-411X.1987.tb00492.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Cited Ashworth, Georgina 1979 The Boat People and the Road People: Refugees of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. Middlesex, UK: Quartermaine House. Chaze, William 1982 The Clamor Over Refugees. San Francisco Chronicle, April 14, F: 1. Dam, Kenneth and H. Eugene Douglas 1982 Proposed Refugee Admissions for FY 1983. Department of State Bulletin 82: 56– 63. DeVecchi, Robert P. 1983 Determining Refugee Status: Towards a Coherent Policy. In World Refugee Survey 1983. Rosemary Tripp, ed. New York: American Council of Nationalities Service. Donohue, John W. 1982 The Uneasy Immigration Debate. America 146: 206– 9. Doré, Amphay 1982 The Three Revolutions in Laos. In Contemporary Laos. Martin Stuart-Fox, ed. Pp. 101– 15. New York: St. Martin's Press. Douglas, H. Eugene and Richard D. Vine 1982 U.S. Response to the Worldwide Refugee Crisis. Department of State Bulletin 82: 73– 77. D'Souza, Frances 1980 The Refugee Dilemma. A Report of the Minority Rights Group 43. Grahl-Madsen, Atle 1980 Territorial Asylum. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell. Haig, Alexander 1981 Statement to ASEAN Ministers in Manila, June 20, 1981. Department of State Bulletin 81: 39– 41. Hartling, Poul 1983 Refugees. U.N. Chronicle 20(1): 59– 61. Holdridge, John H. 1981 Developments in Indochina. Department of State Bulletin 81: 42. Kimmo Kiljunen, ed. 1984 Kampuchea: Decade of the Genocide. London: Zed. Mitchell, Dave 1981 A Hard Look—The Dilemma Over Refugees. San Francisco Examiner, September 20: A1. Mouchet, Jacques 1983 Voluntary Repatriation to Laos. Refugees: News from UNHCR 19: 6. Ninsananda, Bunyaraks, et al. 1977 Thai-Laos Economic Relations: A New Perspective. Bangkok: s.n. Rabinove, S. 1981 Toward an Immigration Policy. Commentary 71: 55– 58. Refugee Reports 1980-83 Vol. 2 (2–14), 3 (21–26), 4 (1–19). Washington, D.C.: American Council for Nationalities Service. Schroeder, Richard 1980 Refugee Policy. Editorial Research Reports (May 30). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. Schultz, George 1983 Secretary Schultz Visits East and South Asia and the Middle East. Department of State Bulletin 83: 23– 44. Shawcross, William 1979 Refugees and Rhetoric. Foreign Policy (Fall 1979): 3– 6. St. Cartmail, Keith 1983 Exodus Indochina. Aukland, New Zealand: Heinemann. Steif, William 1982 Not a Live Issue in U.S. National Catholic Reporter 19(11): 1. Stone, Scott and John McGowan 1980 Wrapped in the Wind's Shawl: Refugees of Southeast Asia and the Western World. San Rafael, Ca.: Presidio. Martin Stuart-Fox, ed. 1982 Contemporary Laos. New York: St. Martin's. Suhrke, Astrid 1980 New Look at America's Refugee Policy. Indochina Issues 10. A Report from the Center for International Policy, Indochina Project. Time 1982 No More Room for Refugees. Vol. 119: 17. Rosemary Tripp, ed. 1983 World Refugee Survey 1983. New York: American Council for Nationalities Service. UNHCR 1979 Reports. Vol. 4: 5. van der Kroef, Justus M. 1982 Laos and Thailand: The Balancing of Conflict and Accommodation. In Contemporary Laos. Martin Stuart-Fox, ed. Pp. 274– 290. New York: St. Martin's. Van-es-Beeck, Bernard 1982 Refugees from Laos, 1975–1979. In Contemporary Laos. Martin Stuart-Fox, ed. Pp. 324– 334. New York: St. Martin's. Vine, Richard 1982 FY 1983 Requests for Migration and Refugee Assistance. Department of State Bulletin 82: 75– 77. Wain, Barry 1981 The Refused. New York: Simon and Schuster. Citing Literature Volume5, Issue2Special Issue: People in UpheavalMarch 1987Pages 17-33 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:‘DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM’ ON THE PLANTATIONS? THE JAMAICAN SUGAR WORKERS' COOPERATIVES: Carl Henry Feuer, Jamaica and the Sugar Worker Cooperatives: The Politics of Reform. Boulder‘DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM’ ON THE PLANTATIONS? THE JAMAICAN SUGAR WORKERS' COOPERATIVES: Monica Frölander‐Ulf and Frank Lindenfeld, A New Earth: The Jamaican Sugar Workers' Cooperatives, 1975–1981.‘DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM’ ON THE PLANTATIONS? THE JAMAICAN SUGAR WORKERS' COOPERATIVES: D. C. M. Piatt and Guido di Telia (eds), Argentina, Australia and Canada. Studies in Comparative Development, 1870–1965.‘DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM’ ON THE PLANTATIONS? THE JAMAICAN SUGAR WORKERS' COOPERATIVES: Charles Edquist, Capitalism, Socialism and Technology: A Comparative Study of Cuba and Jamaica.‘DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM’ ON THE PLANTATIONS? THE JAMAICAN SUGAR WORKERS' COOPERATIVES: Merle Lipton, Capitalism and Apartheid: South Africa 1910–84.‘DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM’ ON THE PLANTATIONS? THE JAMAICAN SUGAR WORKERS' COOPERATIVES: Dale Johnson (ed.) Middle Class in Dependent Countries.Liberal Hopes: John W. Sewell, R. E. Feinberg and V. Kallab (eds), U. S. Foreign Policy and the Third World: Agenda 1985–1986. US‐Third World Policy Perspectives No. 3. Washington DC: Overseas Development Council;Liberal Hopes: A. Gauhar (ed.), Regional Integration: The Latin American Experience.Liberal Hopes: Theodore Panayotou (ed.), Food Policy Analysis in Thailand.Liberal Hopes: J. G. M. Hilhorst and M. Klatter (eds), Social Development in the Third World Level of Living Indicators and Social Planning.Liberal Hopes: R. L. Harris and C. M. Vilas (eds), Nicaragua: A Revolution under Siege.Liberal Hopes: Kwame Arhin, Paul Hesp and Laurens van der Laan (eds), Marketing Boards in Tropical Africa. Monographs from the Africa Studies Centre, Leiden.Liberal Hopes: Alan Gilbert and Peter M. Ward, Housing, the State and the Poor. Policy and Practice in Three Latin American Cities.Liberal Hopes: John Rogge, Too Many, Too Long: Sudan's Twenty‐Year Refugee Dilemma.Liberal Hopes: Robert Cassen (ed.), Soviet Interests in the Third World London: Royal Institute of International Affairs;Liberal Hopes: Raymond Goodman, Charles Lepani and David Morawetz, The Economy of Papua New Guinea. An Independent Review.Liberal Hopes: Allan G. Hill (ed.), Papulation, Health and Nutrition in the SaheL Issues in the Welfare of Selected West African Communities. London, Boston, Melbourne and Henley: Kegan Paul International, 1985. xxiv + 400 pp. Paperback. N. p.