Reform In Ukraine Research Articles

Foreign experience in the regulating of administrative legal functions of the prosecution service

The aim of the work is to summarize the international experience in regulating the administrative legal functions of the prosecutor’s office and identify which positive foreign experience Ukraine should utilize in the context of improving the legal regulation of the implementation of administrative functions by prosecutorial bodies. The methodological basis of the study consists of the comparative legal method, which was used in the study of international experience and the experience of foreign countries regarding the organization and functioning of the prosecutor’s office and its administrative functions. Additionally, the formal-legal method was employed to identify gaps and contradictions in relevant legal acts and formulate proposals for its improvement in the context of foreign country experience. The research is also underpinned by the dialectical method, applied to determine approaches to studying the improvement of the structure of administrative functions of the Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine by considering the study of the composition of administrative functions of prosecutor’s offices in other countries. The abstract summarizes the foreign experience in regulating the administrative legal functions of the prosecution service. It explores international practices and their relevance to enhancing legal frameworks for prosecutorial bodies. The focus is on improving decision-making procedures, personnel processes, and accountability measures, drawing insights from various jurisdictions to inform potential reforms in Ukraine. The results of the research represent a generalization of positive foreign experience that Ukraine should leverage in the context of improving the legal regulation of the implementation of administrative functions by prosecutorial bodies in several directions. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of improvement of the procedure for adopting and implementing managerial decisions, improvement of personnel procedures in the activities of prosecutorial bodies in Ukraine, improvement of the procedure for holding employees of prosecutorial bodies accountable.

STATE SUPPORT FOR THE ECONOMIC COOPERATION DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN UKRAINE, THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES AND THE EU

This comprehensive analysis discusses the reform of Ukraine's state administration, emphasizing the need to integrate global public management theories and practices, and the experiences of Eastern Partnership countries. It highlights the shift from state-centric to human-centric governance, focusing on efficiency, effectiveness, and citizen-oriented services. The document examines the challenges in implementing EU integration mechanisms like Twinning, TAIEX, and SIGMA in Ukraine. It underscores the importance of a unified coordination center for effective implementation and the need to align Ukrainian policies and practices with EU standards, highlighting the necessity for Ukraine to develop its own national concepts of management and public administration, integrating both national and international experiences. Keywords: economic cooperation, EU, Eastern Partnership, development, state support.

Legal regulation of the international transport sphere in the conditions of European integration

The article conducts a scientific and practical study of the organizational and legal issues of the integration of the transport system of Ukraine into both European and world transport systems with the aim of forming and further developing a single trans-European transport network.
 The international documents of the European Union and the national legislation of Ukraine in the international transport sphere were analyzed in order to identify problematic issues, search for effective organizational and legal mechanisms for their solution and priority forms of cooperation in this sphere.
 It was revealed that the main concepts, ways to achieve the goal and even specific actions regarding the creation of a modern transport network are outlined in the strategy of the European Commission "Transport - 2050: road map for the formation of the Single European transport space - on the way to a competitive and resource-efficient transport system” - " White book - 2011”.
 One of the main goals of cooperation in accordance with the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other hand, was specified, and its content was formed.
 It was emphasized that the situation with European integration in the international transport sphere remains difficult and this is a negative phenomenon and a joint responsibility of the Government and the Parliament regarding the obligations of Ukraine's implementation of mandatory and directly related regulations and directives of the European Union.
 The necessary steps for the implementation of the organizational and legal mechanism of European integration processes regarding the liberalization of international transportation and the development of the international transport sphere with the European Union and its member states are proposed, which can be the conclusion of bilateral agreements between Ukraine and the European Union on the simplification of the permit system between Ukraine and the member states of the European Union. of the Union for transit transportation by transport, making appropriate changes to already existing bilateral agreements regarding the conditions of transit transportation of goods between Ukraine and the member states of the European Union, in general, resolving issues regarding the obligations of implementing the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union , the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other hand, in the field of infrastructure, acceleration of the stages of reform in Ukraine within the framework of the implementation of the Association Agreement, in particular, the approval by the parliament of European integration bills in the field of transport infrastructure.

Decentralization of Public Authorities in Ukraine: Administrative-legal, Environmental, Social and Customs Aspects

The purpose of the research is to reveal the administrative-legal, environmental, social and customs principles of decentralization of public authority in Ukraine. Main content. The article reveals the main definitions of decentralization of power, analyzes advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization process in the public administration system. The article also presents the basic typology of decentralization of power in foreign countries and characterizes these types, as well as an attempt to summarize the reasons for performing decentralization in Ukraine. Methodology: The use of systemic, functional, and structural methods in this study made it possible to define concepts, types, as well as to establish the reasons for introduction of the decentralization reform in Ukraine. Conclusions. Various approaches to performing the reform in European countries and its results have been considered, which is due to the need to implement decentralization in Ukraine. The result of the work consists in determination of the main definitions of the decentralization of power, analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization process, definition of the main types of decentralization, as well as generalization of the main reasons for introduction of decentralization in Ukraine.

The long way home: Migration trends of Ukrainian researchers in the modern world (1991‒2023)

In a modern world marked by intense migration processes, the analysis of the migration of Ukrainian scientists and their choice of destination countries, especially in the context of recent events in Ukraine, is an important subject of scientific research. This study examines migration trends among Ukrainian researchers in various historical periods from the early 1990s to the present. The research is based on the analysis of scientific literature for theoretical insights and previous studies, the use of statistical data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the analysis of political, economic, and sociocultural contexts to understand migration factors, methods of observing real events and processes, and historical analysis to trace the evolution of migration processes. Factors influencing scientists' decisions regarding migration and their motivations, as well as destination countries, were analyzed in the article. Three key migration stages are highlighted: the post-Soviet period (1991–2012), the post-revolutionary period (2013–2021), and the period of full-scale war (2022 and onwards). The first stage, covering the years 1991–2012, was characterized by the outflow of scientists in search of economic opportunities and stability. Destination countries during this stage included the USA, Russia, Germany, Israel, Canada, and Poland. The second stage, from 2013 to 2021, was marked by deep social and political transformations in Ukraine following the Euromaidan Revolution and the annexation of Crimea by Russia. Scientists chose Germany, Canada, and Poland for academic collaboration and research funding.The third stage, which began in 2022 and continues to the present, is defined by the full-scale war in Ukraine. Scientists are leaving the country due to a sense of danger and military conflict. The primary migration destinations are EU countries, which offer opportunities for academic cooperation and safety. Prospects for further scientific research lie in the analysis of the historical roots of the migration of Ukrainian scientists, including the impact of events and reforms in Ukraine and the world on migration processes.

The subject matter of administrative law as a basic category For distinguishing sectoral principles of administrative law

Problem setting. Administrative law as a fundamental branch of public law is a necessary tool in regulating the activities of public administration bodies, public organizations, enterprises, institutions, and organizations. Its influence is constantly felt by specific individuals. Norms of administrative law protect relations formed under the influence of civil, labor, financial and other branches of law. In recent years, administrative law has been in a state of transformation, a new ideology of relations between the state and the citizen is being formed, the administrative legal doctrine is undergoing fundamental changes, and administrative legislation is being updated. As a result, administrative law has turned from the law of state management into a branch that normatively defines and regulates the rights and obligations of public administration in relation to subjects of civil society. Analysis of recent researches and publications. A significant number of scientists dealt with issues of administrative law, its subject, principles, among which it is worth mentioning the works of such scientists as: V. B. Averyanov, Yu. P. Bityak, V. V. Galunko, R. S. Melnyk, A. A. Pukhtetska and others. However, despite the rather large number of works, questions related to the generalization of scientific positions, which highlight the subject of administrative law as a basic category for determining industry precepts, remain in most cases outside the attention of researchers, which makes it possible to talk about the need to carry out such research. The purpose of research is to clarify the role of the subject of administrative law as a basic category for determining the branch principles of administrative law. Article’s main body. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the subject of administrative law as a fundamental criterion for determining the principles of administrative law. Of fundamental importance for updating the concept of the subject of administrative law were two theoretical conclusions that were made in the development of the ideas of the Concept of Administrative Reform in Ukraine. The transformation of the subject of administrative law is a factor in updating the content and classification of the principles of administrative law. The subject of administrative law is social relations that arise for the purpose of realizing and protecting the rights of citizens, creation of normal conditions for the functioning of civil society and the state. It follows that the main task of administrative law is to create a priority of legal conditions for ensuring by public administration the rights, freedoms and interests of man and citizen in the sphere of public administration. The subject of administrative law is a wide complex of social relations that arise in connection with the implementation of the functions of the state executive power, the content of which is the management of society. Ukraine’s new management model (with adapted principles of Good Governance) should be aimed at maximizing the scope of public participation in governance, ensuring that economic, social and political priorities are based on consensus in such a way that the voices of all citizens, even the poorest and most socially disadvantaged population groups were taken into account when making state decisions. The article emphasizes the fact that principles are the leading category in the administrative law of all continental European countries. The principles reveal the content of law, reveal the essence of law, its foundations, as well as the regularities of social life and needs, and highlight trends. In the theory of law, the principles of law mean the most general and stable requirements that contribute to the establishment and protection of social values, determine the nature of law and the direction of its further development. Conclusions and prospects for development. The principles of law are a natural phenomenon of legal science, which in their essence are universal and reflect modern approaches to their interpretation. In modern conditions, the principles of law have a universal character, as they must be taken into account by law-making subjects during the creation of norms for the legal regulation of social relations. The peculiarities of the subject of administrative law provide grounds for a new approach to updating and characterizing the principles of administrative law resulting from interdependence and influence on each other.

The Economic Security of Ukraine and the European Union in the Context of a Military Crisis

Year 2022 brought increasing uncertainty and new challenges around the world, including in the European Union (EU), mainly related to the Russian aggression against Ukraine and its direct and indirect effects for all EU Member States. Europe finds itself in a difficult situation which provokes reflection on the current shape of the EU’s security policy and the need to rethink and structure its stipulations. Faced with Russian aggression against Ukraine, the EU has implemented a number of new foreign policy initiatives and measures to support both the economy of Ukraine and of its member states. This article explores the issue of EU and Ukrainian economic security in the context of the financial and economic intervention measures taken by the Union to maintain sustainable development in the region. The EU support is helping Ukraine to survive, while on the other hand the EU has certain demands regarding Ukrainian reforms and certain aspects of its policies. These sensitive issues regarding the inadequacy of the EU’s role in relation to recent challenges are topical in the debate in Ukraine.

EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF INNOVATIVE CHANGES

The article reveals the problems of educational management in the conditions of innovative changes. It was determined that the reformation processes of the educational sector in Ukraine actualized the problem of qualitative changes in the educational management system. After all, the quality of education and the effectiveness of educational reforms in Ukraine depend on the focus of educational management. First of all, this concerns the formation of personnel policy, and the development of a strategy for the development of an educational institution, educational programs, and ensuring the image of an educational organization. An analysis of scientific sources was carried out, which shows that the theoretical foundations of educational management have been sufficiently developed in Ukraine, and the management system in modern conditions has been studied. Thus, in the works of G. V. Yelnikova, L. M. Kalinina, O. I. Kasyanova, O . I. Marmazy, V. I. Maslova, T. I. Sushchenko defined directions of changes in educational management. According to scientists, the domestic theory of educational management is going through a period of complex transformational shifts, an intensive search for new directions of scientific research aimed at implementing a new vision of educational management policy, modern world models of educational organization management. However, the problems of managing educational institutions in the conditions of innovative changes, developing strategies for the development of an educational organization, forming a positive image of an educational organization, and motivating teaching staff for professional growth remain insufficiently researched. It is noted that the development of the value attitude of the heads of educational institutions towards innovative management as a leading direction of educational management is implemented through the implementation of new approaches to management activities: competence-based, axiological, synergistic and others. It was found that among the important educational values that significantly affect the effectiveness of management activities, the following can be distinguished: the rule of law, tolerance, patriotism, honesty, justice, trust, morality, academic integrity. Accordingly, the content of educational management should be value-oriented and characterized by favorable communications, partnership in relationships, and a system of incentives for the professional growth of teaching staff. It was found that the strategy of the institution's development, which consists of a complex of methodical, material, technical and management projects with the determination of ways of their implementation, acquires an important importance in the conditions of innovative changes. It is emphasized that changes have also taken place in the personnel policy of educational institutions. Among the important tasks in the work with the pedagogical staff are defined: creation of favorable conditions for the professional development of both each teacher in particular and the pedagogical team as a whole; ensuring favorable communications between all participants in the educational process; creation of an effective system of stimulation for professional pedagogical activity; effective leadership is another. It is noted that in the conditions of innovative educational changes, the ability of the management subsystem to provide a positive image of the educational institution characterizes the innovative competence of the manager.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПРАВА НЕПЛАТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ

Insolvency law is an essential part of the legal system in any country. It serves a dual function – restoring the solvency of debtors and removing inefficient economic entities from the market. The effectiveness of insolvency law has a direct impact on a country's investment attractiveness and economic growth. This is why international economic organizations conduct assessments of national insolvency mechanisms using various approaches to define and evaluate effectiveness criteria. Despite the existence of an insolvency indicator developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the international Doing Business ranking by the World Bank became a catalyst for bankruptcy legislation reform in Ukraine in 2021. It is worth noting that each approach to evaluating the effectiveness of this area of law has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of accuracy and objectivity. The final assessments may be distorted due to biases of the compilers, which led to the cancellation of the Doing Business ranking in 2021. For Ukraine, the assessment of the effectiveness of insolvency legislation is crucial, given the importance of this institution in ensuring economic efficiency during both wartime and peacetime. It helps identify directions for improving legal regulation, including aligning Ukrainian legislation with European Union standards. This highlights the need to develop specific criteria for evaluating the practicality of legislative changes to enhance the efficiency when applied to all participants in the insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings. It should stimulate economic growth and harmonize Ukrainian legislation with European Union standards. This research analyzes various aspects of the effectiveness of insolvency legal mechanisms in Ukraine using the methodology of economic analysis of law, which has received insufficient attention in empirical studies and legislative work in Ukraine until now. The research findings will be a significant contribution to promoting effective regulation of debtor solvency restoration and preventing bankruptcy. They will also stimulate economic growth and harmonize Ukrainian legislation with European Union standards. Through the lens of interdisciplinary approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of insolvency law in Ukraine, the study proposes seven indicators for determining the economic efficiency of Ukrainian insolvency law: 1) Funds Recovery Ratio; 2) Case Processing Time; 3) Solvency Restoration Index; 4) Bankruptcy (Insolvency) Case Quantity Dynamics Index; 5) Business Climate Index; 6) Insolvency Policy Index for SMEs; 7) Legal Application Predictability Index. The proposed methodological approach allows for the assessment of the result of the formation and implementation of the state insolvency policy.

Legal challenges and innovations in executive proceedings in Ukraine and the world: A comparative aspect

The relevance of the study is due to some changes at both the global and national levels that significantly affect the process of exercising the rights and freedoms of individuals, rendering a fair judgement and its enforcement. Such changes include the introduction of martial law in Ukraine and the digitalization of several legal processes. In view of this, the purpose of the research work is to analyse the main problems in the field of enforcement of decisions that impede the enforcement of court decisions and ensure the principle of justice and the rule of law in Ukraine and in the world. The following methods were used in the study: historical, statistical, comparative, formal and logical. The results of the study showed that enforcement proceedings in Ukraine are regulated by a mixed system that includes both public and private enforcement officers. The study highlights the fact that Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has had a significant impact on the enforcement of court decisions. This has led to the need for legislative changes and practical challenges for the enforcement system. The experience of other countries, including the United States and China, demonstrates that the introduction of digital technologies to automate judicial, and enforcement procedures can be effective in further reforming this system in Ukraine. Despite some progress in implementing the reform in Ukraine, there are still problems with the efficiency and accessibility of enforcement proceedings, especially under martial law. To overcome them, it is necessary to use the best practices of the EU countries, in particular, in terms of digitalization of the process, introduction of alternative methods and ensuring equality between private and public executors, as well as to create a transparent control system. The results of the study contribute to the doctrine of the institute of enforcement proceedings and create an effective theoretical basis for the practical implementation of methods to improve the enforcement of decisions

Implementation of Ukraine's State Policy in Innovative Practices of Educational Institutions in the Context of Digital Transformation

In the article, the directions and strategic tasks of the state policy in the implementation of innovative practices of educational institutions, the direction of the ways of modernization of modern education in view of the integration of Ukraine into the European educational space are important; the views of scientists regarding the reform of the educational sphere were analyzed, especially the issues of digital transformation in education; new directions of program actions of the state, an effective management system for the innovative development of education in Ukraine in modern conditions, taking into account the European experience.
 The requirements for scientific and theoretical substantiation and the development of a practical model for the modernization of comprehensive general secondary education and the improvement of the mechanism of regulation of modern innovative state practices, digitalization of new, new processes in educational institutions, and the regulatory tools of the state influence on this process have been determined.
 Outlined specific tasks for the development of the educational process in educational institutions in the context of education reform in Ukraine, ensuring the functioning of the education system in the face of societal changes to implement state educational policies, innovative practices, scientific research, and methodological work.
 Digitization based on the progressive development of network access technologies; semiconductor technologies; software and its cross-use, becomes an important condition in the field of education, and service models of interaction with users become the leading methods of communication.
 Innovative educational projects are described, which highlight the general characteristics of innovations in education, the problems of their accounting and support; based on the analysis of the current state of implementation and dissemination of innovations in educational institutions within the limits of new means and directions of work, which cover all educational and methodological, educational activities of the school and lead to positive changes; modern approaches to the introduction of innovations into the system of general secondary education in Ukraine are formulated.

Modern challenges and prospects for the development of remote education: A systematic review of the literature

The events of recent years in the world and Ukraine (quarantine restrictions due to the pandemic and Russian military aggression) directly affect the format of educational services and create the need to introduce online education, which will guarantee all subjects of the educational process the acquisition of knowledge, preservation of life, as well as psychological and physical health. The research aims to conduct a literature review of the peculiarities of online education at the present stage in Ukraine and analyse its main advantages and disadvantages. As a result of a systematic analysis of the literature, the interpretation of the “online education” concept by various Ukrainian researchers and the peculiarities of online learning under martial law were analysed, and a detailed analysis of the main pros and cons of online education in Ukraine was carried out. The context of the new challenges (the coronavirus pandemic and Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine) makes distance learning strategically important for ensuring the provision of educational services and preserving the physical and psychological health of all participants in the educational process. The study confirms the active development of online education in Ukraine, with important improvements in infrastructure, teaching materials and teacher training. The importance of online education in both normal and crises is substantiated, and its advantages and disadvantages are identified. The need to learn how to use these technologies while preserving the value of personal communication in education is emphasised. The studies of foreign scholars are analysed and a comparative analysis of education in crises abroad and Ukraine is carried out. It has been found that online education is a promising and necessary form of education, it is developing very actively and can respond quickly and successfully to the needs of society. The practical significance of the study lies in its contribution to the further development of the field of educational technologies and education reform in Ukraine

Interaction of non-governmental human rights organizations with local self-government

The article is devoted to consideration of interaction and relations that arise between non-governmental human rights organizations and local self-government bodies. Prerequisites and opportunities are established for local self­government bodies in cooperation with the civil sector. The political influence on the result of the interaction of non-governmental human rights organizations with local self-government bodies was analyzed, the positive and negative consequences of it, as well as the reasons that give rise to such interaction were established. Based on the current situation, namely the revitalization of the decentralization process, the emphasis is placed on the importance and prospects of interaction of non-governmental human rights organizations with local self-government bodies. The experience of decentralization of foreign countries is considered, as well as the essence of the main regulatory acts of the European Union is revealed. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of cooperation between non-governmental human rights organizations and local self-government bodies in the reconstruction of Ukraine, as well as control over the use of charitable donations for reconstruction in the regions.
 It was concluded that for the successful and effective work of NGOs on the ground, it is extremely necessary for them to cooperate with local self-government bodies, territorial communities, which not only know, but also help solve existing problems. Unfortunately, at the legislative level, the issue of interaction between NGOs and local self-government bodies is still not settled, and due to political pluralism and increased politicization of most problems, the cooperation of these institutions may be ineffective. Nevertheless, the decentralization reform in Ukraine, in our opinion, was successful, and therefore, it remains only to normatively regulate the issue of interaction between NGOs and local self-government bodies in order to achieve the set goals. The experience of leading countries will be useful in this.

Civil Society as an Informal Institution in Ukraine’s Judicial Reform Process

AbstractSince the Revolution of Dignity, civil society has become a major stakeholder in Ukraine's multiple reform processes. Judicial reform has been particularly salient as it aims to transform the country’s judiciary, long plagued by interrelated problems of political dependence, oligarchic capture, and internal corruption, into an autonomous guarantor of the rule of law. This Article examines how Ukrainian civil society has developed into an informal institution in Ukraine’s judicial reform. Building upon an overview of judicial reform efforts in Ukraine and a general theoretical framework of informality, this contribution studies how Ukrainian civil society influences the reform process, using the example of the country’s Constitutional Court. We argue that civil society has become an influential informal institution which plays an increasingly important role in judicial reform in Ukraine.

Концептуалізація полісуб’єктного управління в соціальних відносинах.

The article is devoted to the generalization of theoretical views on governance as extended relations in society that are formed between subjects — natural persons and/or legal entities — when solving complex problems, overcoming which in various social spheres requires of them collective decisions and actions. The relevance of the work is due to the need to systematize modern views on the possibilities and conditions of practical application of decision-making and implementation mechanisms in multi-subject surroundings. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the universal definition of governance based on the generalization of its modern conceptions by various scientific schools. The novelty of the research is in the interpretation of governance as decision-making in multi-subject surroundings. The research methodology is based on the use of an interdisciplinary approach in outlining the most essential characteristics of decision-making process, which are the subject of numerous scientific studies of this social phenomenon. The article summarizes modern approaches to understanding the concept of governance. Its main characteristics, which manifest when it is used in various social spheres, have been revealed. This term is defined as institutionalized decision-making, which constitutes a mechanism for independent subjects to make coordinated decisions to obtain benefits determined by their interests when solving problems that would require significant efforts and resources to be overcome on one’s own, or it would be impossible at all. This interpretation makes it possible to substantiate the universality of the use of decision-making in social relations; it is due to the perceived need of subjects for the joint with others search and implementation of solutions to achieve their own goals. The content-dependency inherent in modern scientific approaches is proven when the concept of governance is defined, which is determined by the specifics of relations, the peculiarities of the institutional environment of a specific social sphere. Based on the most widespread modes of institutionalized multi-subject decision-making, a classification of its types and forms is proposed. The formation of social capital within the framework of the network regime of governance is considered. A conclusion is made about the need to build social relations in the conditions of decentralization reforms in Ukraine using the mechanism of governance.

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR IMPROVING SITUATIONAL TRAINING OF CYBERSECURITY SPECIALISTS

The article identifies the problem of the need for continuous development and improvement of practical skills for cybersecurity professionals due to the constant growth and evolution of threats to information and cyber security for organizations, businesses, society, and the state. The relevance of implementing innovative technologies to improve the methods of developing technical and managerial competencies of cybersecurity specialists in higher education institutions is justified in accordance with the strategic direction of education reform in Ukraine. The relevance of developing the ability and skills for cybersecurity professionals to respond promptly to threats is associated with the use of artificial intelligence by cybercriminals. The analysis conducted in this work allowed us to conclude the need for improvement of the situational teaching method as one of the main ways to develop the competencies of students majoring in Cybersecurity and Information Security in higher education institutions. One of the ways to improve the method is to use artificial intelligence tools in creating various types of tasks for classes. To create educational situations and options for resolving conflicting situations in cybersecurity management and cyber incidents with the aim of developing skills in future cybersecurity managers to make timely, correct, and effective decisions, it proposed to use the artificial intelligence tool - the ChatGPT language model. Thanks to its excellent capabilities, which include summarizing and analyzing articles, encoding, debugging, and generating thematic blocks of situations, it represents significant progress in the field of artificial intelligence. The application of ChatGPT allowed the creation of the necessary number of situational tasks with options for correct solutions in a short time, covering all areas of activity for cybersecurity specialists. However, during the research, there was a need for critical evaluation and verification of the information provided by the model for compliance with the context and rules, laws, and ethical norms that apply in each specific situation. This issue addressed by refining and specifying the request to the ChatGPT language model to generate situations.

Legal Reform and Change: Research on Legal Reform Processes and their Impact on Society. Analysis of Factors that Facilitate or Hinder Legal Change, Including Political, Social, and Economic Factors

Objective: This research delves into the multifaceted realm of legal reform, aiming to dissect its complexities, identify influencing factors, and evaluate its impact on society. By conducting a comprehensive analysis, the objective is to provide a thorough understanding of how legal changes occur and their implications for various stakeholders. Specifically, the research seeks to explore the theoretical foundations of legal reform, scrutinize political, social, and economic factors shaping legal reform processes, assess challenges and consequences, and offer recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of legal reforms in Ukraine and beyond.
 
 Methods: To achieve the research objectives, a diverse range of research methods and materials are employed. These include an extensive review of existing literature, in-depth case studies, qualitative interviews with key stakeholders, quantitative analysis of sociopolitical and economic data, and comparative studies of legal reform dynamics across different contexts. This multifaceted approach ensures a comprehensive exploration of legal reform processes and their societal impact.
 
 Results: The research findings reveal the intricate nature of legal reform, shedding light on the role of political institutions and actors in shaping reform initiatives. It highlights the significance of political stability, ideological perspectives, and the presence of political will in determining the feasibility and success of legal changes. Moreover, the research underscores the crucial role of social factors, including public awareness, civil society engagement, and cultural values, in influencing the direction and priorities of legal reform. Economic factors are shown to be closely linked to legal reform, with economic development, property rights protection, and economic inequality influencing the outcomes of legal changes. The study also uncovers the challenges associated with legal reform, emphasizing the importance of coordination among branches of government, building institutional capacity, and mitigating unforeseen consequences and risks.
 
 Conclusions: In conclusion, this research underscores the complex and dynamic nature of legal reform processes, where political, social, and economic factors interact intricately. The study offers a series of recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of legal reforms. These include fostering political stability and commitment, increasing public awareness and participation, promoting the rule of law and anti-corruption measures, addressing socioeconomic inequality, and strengthening international cooperation. The research provides valuable insights into the multifaceted world of legal reform, serving as a guide for policymakers, legal experts, and researchers in Ukraine and beyond, ultimately contributing to the creation of a more just, transparent, and efficient legal system that aligns with the needs and aspirations of society.

Challenges in the Development of Modern University Complexes with Research Departments

This article delves into the pressing matters surrounding higher education reform in Ukraine, focusing on the pivotal transition of universities into modernized university complexes featuring vibrant research departments. The overarching objective of this research is to discern the fundamental principles and opportunities in the establishment and growth of such complexes, drawing insights from global practices. Against the backdrop of a rapidly evolving Ukrainian society, the article underscores the paramount importance of reforming higher education, especially in the aftermath of aggressive acts against the nation. It underscores the essential tasks at hand in reconstructing the material infrastructure of educational institutions to meet contemporary needs. The article offers a comprehensive array of recommendations for architectural planning and the expansion of university complexes, encompassing the creation of dedicated research hubs, state-of-the-art laboratories, and technologically advanced innovation parks. These endeavors are envisaged not only to enrich the practical training of students, but also to augment the overall competitiveness of educational establishments on the national and international stage. Within the research framework, due consideration is given to the physical aesthetics of university buildings, paving the way for a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity. The potential for collaboration with governmental bodies is examined, thus fostering a conducive environment for knowledge exchange and interdisciplinary cooperation. Furthermore, the article advocates for the development of cohesive functional linkages within university complexes to facilitate the seamless flow of ideas and resources. One of the pivotal concepts advocated in this research is the integration of "open laboratories." These innovative spaces are envisioned to serve as dynamic hubs of scientific exploration, catalyzing breakthroughs in various disciplines. The introduction of open laboratories promises to infuse a newfound vigor into the realm of scientific research within the academic sphere. The research not only contemplates the domestic educational landscape but also embarks on a global exploration of best practices. Drawing insights from international experience, this article endeavors to adapt and tailor these lessons to the unique context of Ukrainian higher education. The outcomes of this research endeavor are anticipated to form the bedrock for future studies, serving as a catalyst for the development of innovative architectural solutions within the realm of higher education in Ukraine. By embracing the principles and recommendations put forth in this article, educational institutions in Ukraine can aspire to not only keep pace with global advancements, but also to carve a distinctive niche in the ever-evolving landscape of higher education.

Peculiarities of the constitutional imperatives of balanced use of natural objects in the agricultural sector of Ukraine

An analysis of the existing scientific works related to economic-legal nature management relations from the standpoint of manifestation of the constitutional rights (imperatives) of absolute ownership of the Ukrainian people to the land and its natural resources as natural objects, especially in the agricultural sphere, was carried out. The absence of a coherent, well-founded vision of scientists in the essence of the algorithm of constitutional land norms as imperatives, in addition to the numerous works of the author of this publication and some wellknown jurists, has been proven. The purpose of the article is to generalize the features of the main scientific and practical imperatives as a balance of interests and the main prerequisites for the accomplishment of land reform in Ukraine for the possible modeling of balanced nature use and sustainable economic objects of the agricultural sphere of Ukraine, which are based on the current land norms of the Constitution of Ukraine. The main reason contributing to the bogus and impunity attribution of natural objects of property rights of the Ukrainian people to objects of civil rights was revealed, which revealed the malicious application in the Land (Article 79) and Civil (Article 373) codes of Ukraine of the anti-constitutional norm “spreading” and “distribution”, which replaced the current constitutional right of “use” (Part 2, Article 13 of the Criminal Code). It is recommended to suspend the illegal possibility to acquire (starting from January 1, 2024) agricultural land with a total area of up to 10,000 hectares from one hand. The need to organize more than 500,000 new private family farms and peasant farms (family estates), created by young families (priority is given to victorious soldiers — participants in hostilities and their families), mainly without hired workers, with a total area of almost 10 million hectares of small arable land massifs and other (4–5 million hectares) adjacent lands. It has been proven that the declared land norms as effective constitutional imperatives indicate that the President of Ukraine, as the guarantor of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Government of Ukraine, as well as the scientific and pedagogical Ukrainian elite, which is a generator of the formation of true knowledge, should only have a single interest, aimed at ensuring the balance of all available interests regarding land and nature use in the state, from the standpoint of constitutionally motivated national interests, including in the agricultural sphere of Ukraine

Strategic management of rural areas in the context of decentralization

This article analyzes economic mechanisms and approaches to optimize rural governance and development, particularly in the context of ongoing decentralization reforms in Ukraine. Decentralization has given more budgetary and administrative powers to local governments in rural areas, allowing for policies that are more adapted to local conditions. However, local governments often lack the knowledge, skills, and resources to take full advantage of these opportunities. The study aims to identify strategies for strengthening governance and economic management of rural areas through improved financial planning, investment, use of technology, and human capital development. The aim is to provide recommendations for improving the efficiency, sustainability and equity of rural development processes.