Reform Process Research Articles

The labor market and technology of staff training for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine

The labor market and technology of staff training for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine

Stakeholder Analysis in Hospitality Management: An Examination of Tourism Infrastructure Reform and the Impact on the Workforce in Brazil

This study provides an in-depth analysis of stakeholder dynamics in Brazil's hospitality sector amid ongoing tourism infrastructure reforms and their implications for the workforce. Stakeholder analysis is a critical tool in hospitality management, aiding in understanding the perspectives, interests, and potential impacts of various stakeholder groups on industry trends and reforms. In the context of Brazil's hospitality industry, key stakeholders range from government agencies and investors to local communities, customers, and the workforce itself. Brazil has launched substantial tourism infrastructure reforms under programs such as "Brasil Mais Turismo," aiming to enhance the country's attractiveness as a global tourist destination. These reforms target improvements in accommodations, transportation, visitor amenities, and overall accessibility. However, the reform process is complex and multifaceted, implicating various stakeholder interests and carrying significant implications for the hospitality workforce. The study emphasizes that the interests and influences of stakeholders can shift rapidly in response to societal, economic, and industry changes. Therefore, stakeholder analysis should be an ongoing process, constantly updated and adapted to reflect these shifts. Further, the study analyzes the impact of tourism infrastructure reforms on the hospitality workforce in Brazil. The reforms present both opportunities and challenges for the workforce. While they promise improved working conditions, skill development opportunities, and job creation, they also pose challenges such as potential job displacement and skill mismatches. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing stakeholder engagement in Brazil's hospitality sector and optimizing the benefits of tourism infrastructure reforms. These include strengthening partnerships among key stakeholders, adopting a proactive approach to workforce development, and implementing robust feedback and adjustment mechanisms to ensure the reforms remain responsive to evolving stakeholder needs and industry trends. Keywords: Stakeholder analysis, Hospitality management, Tourism infrastructure reform, Workforce, Brazil

Embracing new citizens: the education of D/deaf pupils in the Late Ottoman Empire

ABSTRACT The process of reform of the education system of the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century was central for the establishment of new institutes for the less advantaged members of the society. Among these, special schools for D/deaf students stand out, not least because all the communities that were part of the Empire could be enrolled in these institutes. Allowing traditional school subjects to be taught to D/deaf people, the establishment of these schools represents a turning point in the history of the Ottoman education system. Through an analysis of the legal and historical framework that led to their institution, the aim of this article is to contextualise the schools for the D/deaf within the education policies of the Ottoman Empire from the second half of the nineteenth to the first decade of the twentieth century. Moreover, through an examination of their academic programmes, this article proposes to investigate the role of these institutions and their educational curricula in the attempt to make D/deaf people an active part of the Ottoman civil society.

Energy and exergy analysis based on an energy saving process of waste tires pressurized catalytic reforming

The pressurized catalytic reforming technology had a positive impact on product quality, but the energy consumption for industrial applications remained uncertain. To achieve the need for energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly conversion of waste tires, this study developed a system of pressurized catalytic reforming and exhaust gas combustion to produce high-quality oil, char, and industrial steam. The process was analyzed and evaluated based on the energy and exergy balance. The simulation results closely matched the experimental results, demonstrating the accuracy of the developed model. Significant energy savings were realized in the pyrolysis unit at 2.82 GJ/h and reforming unit at 7.57 GJ/h, respectively. The energy loss rates of the pyrolysis unit, heat transfer for the industrial steam unit, reforming unit, and combustion unit were 2.77%, 5.24%, 0.75%, and 0.77% of the system input energy, respectively. In addition, the heat transfer for the industrial steam unit recovered 12.93% of the system input energy. The exergy loss rates of the pyrolysis reactor, combustion reactor, and heat exchanger HEATER6 in the whole simulation system were 38.91%, 12.07%, and 32.29%, respectively.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Application of English education big data system based on multi-source information fusion and machine learning

For administrators in the field of education, the data generated in the actual education process is difficult to achieve effective management due to its large amount of information, complex structure and multiple types. However, in the actual construction of education informatization, it is impossible to explore the laws and development trends of education information only by manual analysis, so it is difficult to obtain effective concepts and relevant views. College education administrators cannot fully optimize the process of teaching diagnosis and reform through education informatization. Based on this background, this research introduces machine learning technology to achieve technical support for the integrated application of educational data. This paper focuses on the design and construction of an English teaching management data analysis system for college teaching, which combines machine learning technology with multi-source information technology. The system is mainly composed of hardware layer, data layer, service layer and application layer, which can assist teaching and realize learning career planning, faculty authority management, curriculum data modification, teaching resource allocation and scientific research review. The simulation results show that this big data system has high processing efficiency, and is superior to other algorithms in terms of mean value and FVDF extreme value, so it can effectively assist English teaching management. This paper completes the design of English education big data system by introducing machine learning and multi-source information fusion into the field of education.

Retracted Article: The Importance of Religion, Spirituality, and Spiritual Care in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract In this article, we discussed the relationship between religion and spirituality, as well as spiritual care in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to emphasize the importance of spiritual care for MS patients. Religion is a law that Allah communicated to smart people through the prophets that leads people to peace, goodness, blessings, and salvation in this world and in the hereafter. Spirituality is a dimension of religion. It is referred to as a religious process of reformation that “aims to recover the original shape of man,” oriented at “the image of Allah” as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world. Spiritual care is a growing type of health care which goes beyond biophysical and social needs and relates to patients' and relatives' existential and spiritual needs. In the United States, nearly two-thirds of patients with MS currently use religious services to improve their health or well-being. Religion is positively correlated to mental health among patients with MS. More disabled MS patients, with worse quality of life, also due to physical pain, find a source of comfort in faith and religious practices. A significant positive correlation was found between religious health and existential with self-esteem. A significant relationship was found between spiritual health and hope in the patients with MS. Spiritual well-being was negatively associated with depression and pain interference in MS patients. The motivational interviewing also improved health promoting behaviors in patients with MS. Lastly, we would like to emphasize that spiritual care is a human right for all patients with a life-limiting, progressive disease. Given this illness trajectory and the multiple complex symptoms associated with MS, spiritual care services would improve the quality of life for MS patients.

APPLICATION OF MOTIVATION TECHNIQUES AND EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION MANAGEMENT IN THE FUNCTION OF IMPROVING EFFICIENCY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION BODIES

Examining the application of motivational factors in public administration provides top management with an insight into the levels of satisfaction and insufficiencies in the application of the concept of leadership with the concrete direction of how to create a productive and favorable working environment in public administration bodies. The stability of the public service and an inadequate system of human resources management leads to “mechanical” or “sufficient” productivity, and the satisfaction of employees in public administration remains an enigma for the initiators of reform processes, innovative activities, but also stands as an obstacle to the improvement of organizational culture in public administration. The research problem is based on static nature of public administration, mainly caused by weaknesses in the application of motivational techniques, therefore the work is focused on the analysis of the effects of current satisfaction management and the possibility of introducing transformational leadership and its application through Public Administration Reform requests in the process of joining the European Union, but also in order to improve the efficiency of the organization and the quality of public service delivery. The goal of the research is to examine aspects of functionality related to the application of motivational techniques by top management regarding the perception of employees in public administration bodies with the aim of finding modalities for organizational growth and professional development. Due to representativeness and reliability, the research sample will include at least 10% of public administration bodies at each of the administrative levels of government in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Contributions of German migr Scholars to Turkey's Higher Education Reform in the First Half of the 20th Century

Why were German migr scholars present in the emerging Turkish Republic and how did they influence its development, given the considerable presence of German scholars in exile during the modernization and reform process at the beginning of the Turkish statehood? This paper seeks to analyze the historical roots of this by discussing the goals and dilemmas of higher education reform in the early years of the Turkish state, as well as the specific work and progress of German migr scholars in Turkey. It is clear from the analysis that the modernization reforms, represented by the higher education reforms, were the initiative of the emerging Turkish Republic to escape from backwardness and rise as a nation, and that the problem of the lack of higher education talent encountered in the reforms was solved by the forced exile of many German scholars, who were looking for a living. The rapid establishment of higher education institutions, the completion of the reform of higher education and the acceleration of the modernization process in Turkey.

Exploration and Improvement of Modernization of Municipal Governance Driven by Digital Reform

Digital reform is an important part of the modernization of urban governance. We need to fully utilize modern information technology tools such as big data, the Internet, 5G, and artificial intelligence, innovate data-driven governance models, build a new platform for multi-party joint governance, and comprehensively enhance urban governance capabilities and modernization levels. This study analyzes the problems encountered in the process of modernization of urban governance in the context of digital reform: weak urban digital infrastructure, insufficient digital security guarantee, lack of data governance means, few applications of digital reform and lack of digital talents. To build a modern urban governance, we must strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure, data governance and application, data security guarantee mechanism, e-government construction Cultivate and introduce digital talents, promote the process of digital reform, improve the level of industrial digitization, building digitization, and government digitization, and achieve digital management, personalized services, and precise operation of urban governance.

Analysis of the Changes and Reasons for the ethnic Chinese Policy of Indonesian Government in the post-Suharto era

After the May 1998 "May riots", Suharto stepped down from power and Habibie was sworn in as president, marking the beginning of the post-Suharto era in Indonesia. During the successive presidencies of Habibie, Wahid, Megawati, Susilo, and Joko Widodo, they each adjusted policies towards the Chinese Indonesians, respecting Chinese customs and safeguarding their political and cultural rights, resulting in an improvement of their status. The Indonesian government's policy adjustments towards the Chinese Indonesians went through a gradual and multi-faceted reform process, reflecting progressive values. Internationally, peace and development, democracy and progress became the trend of the times and Indonesia-China relations rapidly developed. Domestically, the rise of the democratic reform movement, the urgent demand to revitalize the economy, the advocacy of the Chinese Indonesians, and the personal traits of leaders all became significant driving forces behind the adjustment of ethnic Chinese policies.

The History of the National College Entrance Examination Reform and its Impact on Social Mobility

The National College Entrance Examination is an indispensable part of Chinas education system. There is also a lot of discussion about the college entrance examination. However, the summary of the reform process of the college entrance examination and the analysis of the impact of policies on social mobility in different periods often ignore the first 17 years and the stage of the Cultural Revolution. Therefore, this paper makes a complete policy summary of the college entrance examination, and analyzes the different attributes of social mobility under different policies. These analyses are based on a detailed dissection of the policy and relevant data as supporting material. Finally, the following conclusions are drawn. The dual-track system of education and district-based college entrance examinations from 1949 to 1967 contributed to low social mobility during this time period. During the Cultural Revolution, more rural students went to the cities. However, they often return to their hometowns after finishing their university studies, forming a special phenomenon of mobility. The subsequent single-track system, university enrollment expansion, and the new college entrance examination reform all took equity as the reform goal. However, these reforms often have the opposite effect due to the huge disparity between urban and rural areas. It is worth noting that these deficiencies have been noticed and relevant measures have been implemented.

BIM interoperability in the maintenance planning process for existing buildings

One of the main difficulties inherent to the process of maintenance and management of existing assets is the lack of plans and project documents that allow a study and even an understanding of how the structure of the building works. In addition to the lack of records of changes made that may have altered the structure of heritage buildings over time. This makes it difficult to analyze interventions, to treat possible problems that may evolve into more worrying pathologies that put at risk the useful life of the property. Older buildings require more frequent inspections in order to carry out interventions that can extend their service life. Having all records of maintenance and inspections is essential for better planning future interventions. The usage of BIM technology in maintenance planning and management of existing buildings is becoming increasingly popular. This study proposes a methodology to efficiently use BIM technology in the phase of use, operation, and maintenance of buildings. Navisworks Manage software is used as a key alternative for information visualization and management, taking advantage of the interoperability inherent in the BIM process through IFC. The methodology involves the collection of data, modeling of the structure, linking maintenance sheets to each respective structural element of the 3D model, visualization of the 3D model in Navisworks Manage, and generation of 2D projects with indications of problems identified in the field. The proposed methodology improves the accuracy and dynamic nature of the maintenance planning process, allowing better control of inspection and maintenance records over time. The ease and security of data stored in real-time in online spreadsheets ensure the recording of information in an accessible and integrated way, which can be used in planning and reform processes over time. It enables the adoption of a preventive approach that favors and provides essential information for future maintenance. The proposed methodology can be adapted and reproduced for application in other design disciplines like architecture and complementary designs. The proposed methodology was used for the visualization and documentation of the 3D model referring to the as-built of SG-12. This case study is part of the set of General Services Sheds of the University of Brasília, which besides being an old building in the process of being listed as cultural heritage, has undergone several changes over time. The methodology developed and the result of the documentation of the data are presented in detail.

Design of New Composites Nano-Catalysts for Naphtha Reforming Process: Experiments and Process Modeling

The naphtha catalytic reforming process is evaluated by designing new composite nano-catalysts. Three catalysts were prepared for this process. The first catalyst was molybdenum carbide composite with platinum over HY zeolite (Mo2C.Pt/HY zeolite), the second catalyst was molybdenum carbide composite with platinum over modified zeolite by cerium nitrate (Mo2C.Pt/CeY zeolite), and the last catalyst was bimetallic titanium and platinum with a titanium content of 1% and platinum content of 0.11% over HY zeolite (Pt.Ti/HY zeolite). All catalysts were tested with several tests, mainly X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, and pore volume. All these substances were applied as catalysts for the reforming process of Iraqi heavy naphtha at the following operating conditions: reaction temperature (480, 500, and 520 ), reaction pressure (10, 12.5, and 15 bar), liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) at 2 hr-1, and constant hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio (H2/ HC) of 4. All the reforming reactions occurred in a packed bed pilot plant reactor to investigate its stability and activity during the reforming process. All the developed catalyst samples showed sensational stability even at operating under difficult circumstances. The best catalyst was Pt.Ti/HY zeolite based on the results obtained with respect to the octane number (86.2) at 520 and 15 bar. Also, a mathematical model to describe the reforming process with high accuracy was built and simulated using gPROMS software. The results were very satisfying since the most significant error with the wt% of reformate was 4.9% (the experimental aromatics content was 23.94 wt.%, while the predicted result was 21.67 wt.%), while Research Octane Number (RON) error was 4.7% (the experimental RON was 81, whereas the predicted value of RON was 85) among all the results meaning that the simulating was valid to describe the process.

Characterising cropland fragmentation in post-Soviet Central Asia, using Landsat remote-sensing time series data

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, agricultural reforms in Central Asia often translated into the fragmentation of large fields into smaller shares. Most remote-sensing-based land use classification approaches are categorical in nature, and thus they are unable to capture these changes. We have developed an approach to detecting the timing of land fragmentation based on textural information from a time series of Landsat images for four Central Asian countries (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) between 1990 and 2019. Our results showed that detected fragmentation events correspond well with documented agrarian reform processes in the different countries, and validation yielded maximum overall accuracies between 67 and 73%. In a case study of a former collective farm in Kyrgyzstan, we demonstrate how our method can accurately detect changes on the local scale. Texture time series data have great potential for analysing the trajectories of cropland fragmentation, in particular in regions where additional information on land use is limited.

Van Gogh and British Literature: The Influence of Felix Holt on His Mind and Art

Vincent van Gogh (1853–90) was an artist of remarkable intellect and self-discipline, who was dedicated to learning to the end of his tragically brief life: “It’s a study I need, for I want to learn,” he noted in September 1889, just some months before his death.1 He believed that “one has to learn to read, as one has to learn to see and learn to live” (letter 155). He thus took reading very seriously and incorporated it into his life and art. In fact, Van Gogh was an ardent reader of world literature. A polyglot, he read Dutch, German, French, and British literature in the original languages.2 His interest in British literature, which dated from his childhood, was intensified in his early twenties when he lived and worked in London as an apprentice of Goupil & Cie, a renowned international art dealership. This formative period in Britain from 1873 to 1876 laid the foundation for the development of the young artist-to-be’s thoughts and worldview.3 By the time Van Gogh arrived, Britain, caught up in the ongoing process of industrialization, urbanization, and political reform, represented the most advanced modern civilization and its contradictions. Its capital was, in Charles Dickens’s terms, “a great (and dirty) city” that exhibited the complex spectacle of a modern metropolis: alongside the scenes of unrivalled wealth and glamor were those of widespread pauperism and inequality.4 Life in Victorian Britain with its splendor and squalor amazed the Dutchman:“I can’t tell you how interesting it is to see London and the trade and the way of life here, which are so very different from ours,” he wrote to his brother Theo in November 1873 (letter 15). This British sojourn also stirred social consciousness in him, drawing his attention to contemporary British art and literature, which squarely engaged with the topical issues of the day.5

Adjustment of the ZSM-5 zeolite support towards the efficient hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming on cobalt catalysts

The world is on track for replacing fossil fuels with alternative energy carriers. In the face of the ongoing global energy transformation, the focus is on hydrogen. Its production in the ethanol steam reforming (ESR) process with the use of a substrate from bio-sources deserves special attention. The ESR process requires a catalyst, which should be selective and resistant to the deactivation processes. We have taken a challenge to develop the cobalt catalyst based on the ZSM-5 zeolite support. We synthesized a series of catalysts based on zeolite with increasing Si/Al ratios (32, 750, ∞ that is Al-free zeolite) and different zeolite morphology. The substantial difference in their performance we discussed based on the multifaceted physicochemical characterization and unique operando UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy studies in the ESR conditions. We have checked the effect of potassium introduction to the Co|ZSM-5 catalyst. The increase in ethanol conversion and decrease in selectivity to undesired C2H4 product with the decrease of the Al content, and further competitive activity and stability of the Al-free catalyst we discussed in terms of the zeolite acidity and its impact on the cobalt phase oxidation state. The advantage of nanometric zeolite over the micrometric one, we attributed to much better dispersion of cobalt active phase over its surface. Thus, the adjustment of zeolite support properties allows us to get the extraordinary ESR catalyst. Our results overthrow the existing paradigm of low activity and stability of zeolite-based ESR catalysts, opening the way to the development of competitive catalysts that give real hope for implementation.

The Quadrilemma: Appointing Adjudicators in Future Investor–State Dispute Settlement

ABSTRACT Concern with the selection and appointment of arbitrators has been central in the ‘legitimacy crisis’ surrounding investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS). The regime has been criticized for the outsized role of litigating parties in appointment, absence of transparency in the appointment procedure, potential for conflicts of interests, lack of diversity, and little emphasis on public international law competence. However, attempts to reform the selection and appointment of adjudicators involve confronting dilemmas, requiring trade-offs between different normative values. We therefore introduce a quadrilemma that captures the underlying values of independence, accountability, diversity, and procedural fairness that actors often seek to realize through adjudicatory design. We then set out seven idealized selection and appointment reform options under discussion in the ISDS reform process at UN Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) (from incremental reform through to new permanent mechanisms and removal of ISDS). The quadrilemma is employed to analyse their advantages and disadvantages of each model. In light of empirical and doctrinal evidence, it is clear that some reform options are more likely than others to optimize the quadrilemma. However, the effects are often conditional and sometimes there is a need for accompanying mechanisms.

Innovative reform strategy of Chinese language and literature education practice for college students based on information fusion technology

Abstract With the rapid development and updating of information technology and the gradual increase of economic and social influence, the Chinese language, as an important discipline in China’s higher education, has undergone a great transformation in its teaching conditions and teaching environment in the information age. To obtain more reliable information and better reform and innovation, this paper analyzes the machine model established based on information fusion and investigates the employment situation of Chinese language and literature graduates in university colleges and universities in the past five years to analyze the improvement of employment under the information fusion model establishment. The results show that the teaching process of Chinese language and literature can be well optimized through the machine learning model and is no longer homogeneous compared with the traditional teaching process of Chinese language and literature. The information fusion model can provide a certain degree of help in the employment of students in this major. Therefore, the introduction of information fusion technology is indispensable in the process of reform and innovation of the Chinese language and literature, and schools should also increase relevant courses and policies to encourage college students to actively cooperate with the reform and practice process.

Beheading the Hydra: Antonio Castelvetro, The Congregation of the Index, and an Imagined Future for Print Censorship

In 1587, Antonio Castelvetro, a little-known physician from a well-known Modenese family, circulated a manuscript treatise that proposed a radical new vision for a Catholic press and a reformed system of press censorship: The Brief Treatise on the Reform of the Press (Trattato breve sopra la riforma della stampa). Historians have typically treated this text with a combination of amusement and outright ridicule, but this essay explains the ways that Castelvetro’s text captured a particular ethos of expertise and reform at the end of the sixteenth century in Italy. Although never implemented, Castelvetro’s treatise represents a moment of creative tactics in confrontation with the hydra of print. Censorship lay firmly within the project of the Counter-Reformation—a response directed at undermining and controlling the immediate and long-term effects of religious upheaval across Europe. However, systemic solutions to managing the press were part of the creative process of Catholic Reform. As Castelvetro’s treatise shows, some of these suggestions were more far-fetched and self-aggrandizing than others, but each contributed to a flourishing landscape of ideas aimed at combatting heresy and restructuring Catholic life.

Effect of catalyst shapes on hydrogen production from exhaust gas-fuel reforming for NG engine: A mesoscale 3D simulation

For an insight into the catalytic reforming process in the exhaust reformer, three-dimensional mesoscale models of the fixed bed packed with different particle shapes were constructed by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Blender software. Six particle shapes viz. sphere as the reference, 1-hole sphere, cylinder, Raschig ring, trilobe and 4-hole cylinder were chosen. Combined with the empirical formula of porosity distribution and experimental data, the accuracy of the random stacking model was verified. The effects of particle shape on flow heat transfer and catalytic reforming process in the exhaust reformer were investigated to provide theoretical support for selecting the optimum particle shape and optimal operating conditions of exhaust gas-methane reforming reaction. The results showed that the shape of catalyst has a noticeable effect on the flow resistance and uniformity of the flow field in the random packing area. Among the particle shapes considered in the present work, the fixed bed packed with 1-hole spheres is the optimal option for the exhaust reformer, which offers the highest methane conversion, hydrogen yield per unit pressure drop and the most uniform flow field. Meanwhile, under different methane-to-oxygen ratios (i.e., M/O), the methane conversion increases with steam-to-methane ratio (i.e., S/M). The volume ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide (i.e., H2/CO) decreases continuously with the increase of GHSV. Ultimately, the optimal operating conditions for exhaust reformer were determined: M/O is 2, S/M is 1 and GHSV is 8000 h−1, which can reach a peak hydrogen production of 24.4%.