Service Reform Research Articles

PULL FACTORS TO BECOME A POLICE OFFICER: A PSP PERSPECTIVE

Joining the Civil Service through the Civil Service Exam is one of the most sought-after careers in Pakistan. With each passing year number of CSS, aspirants are increasing. Among the Civil service, the Police Service of Pakistan (PSP) and the Pakistan Administrative Service (PAS) are most sought after due to the power and nuisance value that these cadres promise. This paper has tried to address why PSP remains a preferred choice and what are the motivating factors that PSP officers have when they opt for the Police service of Pakistan. The study has adopted an interpretivist epistemology with a constructivist ontological stance and has applied the method of thematic analysis of interviews conducted with Police officers of different ranks in the police service of Pakistan. The study found that the PSP officers view themselves to be in a superior position compared to other groups, the motivations for joining police service include the perception of superiority, power, protection, nuisance value and ability to influence society through police office. The study also found that the PSP officer perceives himself/herself differently. The motivations of noncommissioned officers are however different. Keywords: Police Service of Pakistan (PSP), Civil Service of Pakistan, Police Reforms, Cavil service Reforms, Interpretivism, interpretivist research, constructivism, constructivist ontology. Selection of Police as a Career. Public sector employment.

PULL FACTORS TO BECOME A POLICE OFFICER: A PSP PERSPECTIVE

Joining the Civil Service through the Civil Service Exam is one of the most sought-after careers in Pakistan. With each passing year number of CSS, aspirants are increasing. Among the Civil service, the Police Service of Pakistan (PSP) and the Pakistan Administrative Service (PAS) are most sought after due to the power and nuisance value that these cadres promise. This paper has tried to address why PSP remains a preferred choice and what are the motivating factors that PSP officers have when they opt for the Police service of Pakistan. The study has adopted an interpretivist epistemology with a constructivist ontological stance and has applied the method of thematic analysis of interviews conducted with Police officers of different ranks in the police service of Pakistan. The study found that the PSP officers view themselves to be in a superior position compared to other groups, the motivations for joining police service include the perception of superiority, power, protection, nuisance value and ability to influence society through police office. The study also found that the PSP officer perceives himself/herself differently. The motivations of noncommissioned officers are however different. Keywords: Police Service of Pakistan (PSP), Civil Service of Pakistan, Police Reforms, Cavil service Reforms, Interpretivism, interpretivist research, constructivism, constructivist ontology. Selection of Police as a Career. Public sector employment.

IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT IN IMPROVING BUREAUCRACY REFORM IN THE PUBLIC SERVICES SECTOR IN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

The role of the government as a public servant has been enshrined in Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 Tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) in chapter 10, which states that ASN function as public servants. The essence of the sound of this chapter interprets the state civil apparatus as a position occupied to carry out duties and functions as a public service whose benefits can be felt directly by the community. The relationship obtained from the concept of new public management, which adopts the role of private sector services into Government Agencies with improving the quality of public services, describes a core problem that is essential to be discussed in the current era of uncertainty. This paper aims to obtain an overview of the implementation of New Public Management in all Government Agencies by considering the characteristics of each Government Agency at the Central and Regional levels to increase Bureaucratic Reforms oriented to the Public Service sector. This study uses a qualitative approach through descriptive analysis methods based on literature studies obtained and then used as material for analysis in designing the implementation of new public management in improving bureaucratic reform in the public service sector. The results of this study show that there are six aspects of implementing new public management to improve public service reform, including making service contracts, developing customer satisfaction surveys, optimizing the implementation of E-government in public service management, implementing service quality management systems, performance-based remuneration systems, and establish public-private partnerships.

BUREAUCRACY REFORM IN TAX SERVICES ONLINE IN THE KUPANG CITY

This study examined the factors behind the advancement of bureaucratic reform in online tax services at the Regional Technical Service Unit (RTSU) of Regional Income for the City of Kupang, or Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah (UPTD). This investigation employed a qualitative method with an interpretive paradigm. This analysis discovered five factors from the internal and external dimensions of the bureaucracy that affect the quality of online tax revenue. From internal sources, this article found that the lack of leadership commitment, the weak capacity and professionalism of implementing actors, and the lack of budget allocations contributed to the weak progress of bureaucratic reform in online tax services. Meanwhile, on the external dimension, this study uncovered that the lack of public pressure and the existence of business practices in the service process contributed to strengthening the low quality of online tax services. To increase the quality of online tax services, the government must ensure that the public managers appointed firmly commit to the bureaucratic reform agenda. Additionally, the government needs to increase front-line implementers' professionalism and capacity to learn information technology. Finally, the government needs to minimize the occurrence of business practices in the process of public services.

Implementation Open Bidding For Middle Managers (JPT Pratama) Position In The National Archives Of The Republic Of Indonesia (ANRI)

Indonesia is one of the countries that has carried out personnel reform by implementing open recruitment and selection for Primary High Leadership Positions (JPT) which are currently being carried out openly using a merit system. The National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia as a non-ministerial government institution has also implemented this policy in conducting open recruitment and selection by implementing a merit system. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the implementation of and problems with policy implementation in filling recruitment and open selection for Primary High Leadership Positions (JPT) in personnel management in Indonesia, especially in the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia. The research method in this paper is qualitative using a post-positivism approach. Data obtained through observation obtained from journals, documentation and interviews were analyzed descriptively in a relevant and accurate manner. The results of the study show that the implementation of the implementation of open selection at the Pratama High Leadership Position (JPT) has not fully gone well so it is necessary to take steps to be able to make strategic improvements in an effort to implement effective bureaucratic reform so that the practice of KKN (Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism) can be avoided. Thus, it is necessary to improve the practice of civil service reform in Indonesia, especially in the implementation of open selection so that it can provide public services in a selective, objective and better supervisory manner based on applicable policies and regulations.

GOAL SETTING AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF POLITICAL SERVICE IN UKRAINE

The article reveals the specifics of using goal setting as a tool for improving the administrative and legal regulation of political service in Ukraine. It has been established that over the past thirty years, a large number of normative legal acts have been adopted in our country, which testify to the existence in Ukraine, in addition to state, patronage and other types of public service, political service. However, the administrative and legal regulation does not establish the basis of political service, in particular, there are no general requirements for entry, completion and termination of service in political positions in public administration bodies. It was found that the administrative-legal regulation of the public service in Ukraine has other defects, which are caused by deficiencies in the definition, fixation and implementation of goals, firstly, the reform of the public service as an institution of administrative law, and secondly, the administrative-legal regulation of public services in Ukraine. It is proposed to define goal setting in administrative law: 1) as a methodological technique for identifying the goals of public service reform and its administrative and legal regulation (with mandatory consideration of the principles of administrative law); 2) as a tool for improving the administrative and legal regulation of the public service in Ukraine (goals should be formed on the basis of modeling the ideal legal result of the administrative and legal regulation of the public service); 3) as a doctrine on determining the goals of administrative-legal phenomena and, including, administrative-legal regulation. It was emphasized that the political service, unlike other types of public service, has the worst administrative and legal support. Actually, goal setting, as a scientific methodological technique and a tool for improving legal regulation, helps to identify the reasons for such a situation in the modern legal system of Ukraine. It was concluded that the reasons for the insufficient administrative and legal support of the political service in Ukraine are, firstly, the lack of general goals of reforming the public service and at the same time the lack of purposeful assignment of the political service as an integral and important element of the public service in Ukraine, secondly, secondary (non-serious) attitude of politicians, officials and subjects of the legislative initiative to the administrative and legal regulation of the foundations of political service in Ukraine, which is clearly visible in the quality and quantity of legal prescriptions in this area.

The impact of Civil Service Reform on Good Governance, the case of selected Public Institution in Erigavo, Somaliland

The impact of Civil Service Reform on Good Governance, the case of selected Public Institution in Erigavo, Somaliland

Reducing Leakage: Subsidies and Tariff Reform in Water and Sanitation Services in Metropolitan Lima, Peru

Water utility companies around the globe are seeking to improve their financial sustainability and expand services in growing urban areas, while guaranteeing low-income families access to water. In Lima and Callao, the biggest metropolitan area in Peru, an important tariff reform for their water and sanitation services was implemented in 2017. The new policy differentiated tariffs between customers residing in poor and non-poor blocks, and revised the subsistence level (lifeline block) used in its tariff structure from 25 to 20[Formula: see text]m3. This study uses utility historical billing records of the population to evaluate three outcomes: (i) the effect on the subsidy amount received by poor and non-poor households at different consumption levels, (ii) the subsidy distributive incidence, and (iii) the effects on the utility’s financial situation. Results show that after the reform, the subsidy for the poor was 45% higher than that of non-poor households at 14[Formula: see text]m3, the mean consumption of subsidy-eligible households. Subsidy targeting changed from being regressive to progressive, with the poor receiving 22% more than they would have under a random subsidy scheme. In turn, by reducing subsidies to non-poor households, the utility’s monthly income from customer payments has increased by 7%.

"Ngany Kamam, I Speak Truly": First-Person Accounts of Aboriginal Youth Voices in Mental Health Service Reform.

Aboriginal young people are experts in their own experience and are best placed to identify the solutions to their mental health and wellbeing needs. Given that Aboriginal young people experience high rates of mental health concerns and are less likely than non-Indigenous young people to access mental health services, co-design and evaluation of appropriate mental health care is a priority. Increasing Aboriginal young people's participation in mental health service reform is key to ensuring services are culturally secure, relevant and accessible. This paper presents first-person accounts from three Aboriginal young people who worked alongside their Elders and in a positive and constructive partnership with mainstream mental health services on a three-year participatory action research project in Perth, Western Australia, in Whadjuk Nyoongar boodja (Country). The young people recount their experiences as participants and co-researchers on a systems change mental health research project and share their views on the importance of privileging Aboriginal youth voices. Their accounts highlight that Aboriginal young people's participation and leadership must be understood through a decolonising lens and that working in genuine partnership with the community is key to increasing their contact and engagement with mental health care and improving mental health and wellbeing outcomes.

Dismantling old or forging new clientelistic ties? Sudan’s civil service reform after uprising

Civil service reform is often a top priority for popular movements that unseat autocracy, and during democratization campaigns more broadly: when a deposed regime had relied upon a clientelistic state to stay in power, in which bureaucrats were rewarded for using their authority to further the interests of the regime and its top elites, new political elites have strong incentives to undertake changes to the state and its personnel upon taking over. Yet despite initially-aligned politician incentives for civil service reform in post-uprising contexts, we highlight how bureaucratic actions can serve as a causal antecedent to new politicians’ subsequent stymieing of reform. Bureaucrats can leverage their embedded knowledge of state processes to forge clientelistic ties with new political elites. This in turn prompts politicians to use their power to block attempts to create more rational-legal agencies. We trace these dynamics through in-depth qualitative and ethnographic data of (failed) efforts to reform Sudan’s civil service after the 2018–19 popular uprising which unseated a 30-year autocracy. Overall, this paper helps explain why so many recent popular uprisings that have come to power have been unable to deliver the large-scale transformative reform upon which they were launched by focusing attention on the elements of the former autocracy that survived the transition.

Mental health systems modelling for evidence-informed service reform in Australia.

Australia's Fifth National Mental Health Plan required governments to report, not only on the progress of changes to mental health service delivery, but to also plan for services that should be provided. Future population demand for treatment and care is challenging to predict and one solution involves modelling the uncertain demands on the system. Modelling can help decision-makers understand likely future changes in mental health service demand and more intelligently choose appropriate responses. It can also support greater scrutiny, accountability and transparency of these processes. Australia has an emerging national capacity for systems modelling in mental health which can enhance the next phase of mental health reform. This paper introduces concepts useful for understanding mental health modelling and identifies where modelling approaches can support health service planners to make evidence-informed decisions regarding planning and investment for the Australian population.

Recognizing Local Champions in Infection Prevention and Control.

Recognizing Local Champions in Infection Prevention and Control.

The Implementation and Evolution of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services in the Republic of Ireland

Introduction:Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) have formed an integral component of the Irish healthcare system for the past decade, yet the factors leading its commencement, its evolutions over this time, the current model of service delivery have not been widely published.Aeromedical service provision may vary significantly from country to country and may also vary regionally within countries. Health systems necessities, capacity and maturity, the level of state, corporate, private or community investment and capacity of the contracted service provider are all factors that influence the service provision.Method:This research provides a descriptive analysis of the historic factors leading to the implementation of HEMS during an era of healthcare reform, its key evolutions and current model of service delivery.Results:Health system reform in a time of global financial recession led to a unique collaboration between the Irish Defense Forces and civilian Emergency Medical Systems (EMS) to provide a sustainable foundation of primary scene landing Helicopter Emergency Medical Services for the Irish state. This sharing of professional knowledge, logistics and operational experience lead to many further system reforms and will inform future aeromedical service provision.Conclusion:Over the past decade the Irish health system has undergone significant reconfiguration and centralization of services, leading to increased demands on emergency medical ground and aeromedical services. Future advancements in aeromedical service provision require an innate understanding of the current model.This research will add to the knowledge base and inform policy makers and support decision making surrounding Helicopter Emergency Medical Services reform and enhanced service provision in the Irish state.

Fragmented but Enduring Authoritarianism: Supply-side Reform and Subnational Entrepreneurialism in China's Rail Delivery Services

AbstractChina's economic reform since 1978 has turned a shortage economy into an economy of overcapacity. To curb the capacity surplus, the government put forward a sweeping proposal of “supply-side structural reform,” although without any specifics of implementation. This vagueness has resulted in fragmentation between China's central leadership and local agents. Based on two rail delivery services – China Railway Express Delivery (Zhongtie kuaiyun 中铁快运, CRED) and China–Europe Rail Freight (Zhong–Ou banlie 中欧班列, CERF) – this article argues that fragmentation in authority has allowed and even encouraged local actors to carve profit-making opportunities out of the excess capacities (including idle assets). In so doing, they give substance to what would otherwise be hollow policy rhetoric. Such subnational entrepreneurialism and the resulting tacit dynamics between state and local-level actors add another layer to the fine-grained theorization of fragmented authoritarianism in China: despite fragmentation, China's authoritarian governance endures, but with outcomes now shaped by a cyclical process of decentralization and re-centralization as well as continuous central–local interplay.

Facilitators as culture change workers: advancing public participation and deliberation in local governance

ABSTRACT Practitioners who facilitate public participation in governance operate at the interface of three policy agendas: public service reform, social justice and democratic innovation. Scotland offers a paradigmatic site for studying this interface through the role of officials who work as facilitators of public participation. Reforms in the last two decades have generated new spaces for engaging citizens and communities while challenging official facilitators to reconcile grassroots community action with institutional engagement. This article draws on empirical research from the What Works Scotland dataset (2014–2019), which is the first to examine the nature of this role across Scotland. Our analysis unpacks the tensions of interactive modes of governance and explores facilitators’ agency in responding to cultural practices that are resistant to change. The paper argues that official facilitators are more than process designers and discursive stewards; their work involves challenging and changing the cultural practices of the state at the frontlines of democratic upheaval and renewal.

Perbandingan Reformasi Kepegawaian Negara Singapura dan Filipina

Each country has its own personnel reform. Starting from recruitment and selection to compensation given to civil servants. This article discusses civil service reform in Singapore and the Philippines. The two countries are ASEAN countries that are quite different in terms of their personnel reform. This is because Singapore is better known as a developed and prosperous country than the Philippines. This article takes data from supporting books, journals, papers, and internet searches, especially those related to the theory of personnel reform, recruitment, employee development, and compensation systems. The result of the comparison of reforms from the two countries is that Singapore is leading in most of the change processes in the process of achieving indicators in the bureaucratic reform program. Both in terms of human resource development, leadership and the form of governance principles adopted

The Challenges of Reducing the Public Service Size and Enhancing Good Governance: The Case of Fiji

Fiji’s public sector has experienced over 30 years of reforms following the adoption of structural reforms in the late 1980s. Despite three coup d’états in 1987, 2000 and 2006, the Fiji Government has continued to roll out the implementation of its public service reform program focusing on a reduction in the size of its public service with the adoption of the principles and practices of New Public Management (NPM). This paper posits the question whether a reduction in the size of Fiji’s public service has been achieved using the recommended indicators by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It then reviews the challenges faced by the Fiji public service in implementing key elements of NPM. Finally, it addresses the question whether Fiji’s public policy lens should remain focused on reducing the size on the public service and should policy efforts be concentrated on enhancing good governance practices within Fiji’s public service.

The voices of children on movement behaviours: implications for promoting international guidelines to support obesity-prevention efforts

BackgroundAs a key factor for the prevention of childhood obesity, WHO recommends a specific balance of movement behaviours (ie, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep) across the 24-h day for children younger than 5 years. Substantial evidence underpins our understanding of the benefits for healthy growth and development; however, little is known about young children's experiences and perceptions, and whether context-specific factors that might influence movement behaviours differ across the globe. MethodsAcknowledging children's agency as knowledgeable informants on matters affecting their lives, children aged 3–5 years from communities and preschools in urban and rural Australia, Chile, China, India, Morocco, and South Africa, were interviewed. Discussions were based on a socioecological framework of the multifactorial, complex influences on young children's movement behaviours. Prompts were adapted to ensure relevance across diverse study sites. Ethics approval and guardian consent were obtained, and the Framework Method used for analysis. Findings156 children (101 [65%] from urban areas, 55 [45%] from rural areas; 73 [47%] female, 83 [53%] male) shared their experiences, perceptions, and preferences related to movement behaviours and the barriers and enablers of outdoor play. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and to a lesser degree screen time occurred predominantly through play. Barriers to outdoor play included weather, air quality, and safety concerns. Sleep routines varied considerably and were influenced by room or bed sharing. Screen use was ubiquitous, presenting a challenge to meeting recommendations. The effect of daily structure, degree of autonomy, and interactions were consistent themes, and differences in how these factors influenced movement behaviours across study sites were evident. InterpretationThe findings highlight that although movement behaviour guidelines are universal, contextual realities need to be considered in how socialisation and promotion of the guidelines are enacted. How young children's sociocultural and physical environments are constructed and influenced can foster or disrupt healthy movement behaviours, which might have implications for childhood obesity. FundingBeijing High Level Talents Cultivation Project for Public Health Academic Leader; Beijing Medical Research Institute (Public service development and reform pilot project); British Academy for the Humanities and Social Sciences; KEM Hospital Research Centre; Ministry of Education and Universidad de La Frontera (Innovation in Higher Education Program); and National Health and Medical Research Council (Investigator Grant Leadership Fellow, Level 2).

Pengaruh Orientasi Digital dan Pembelajaran Organisasi Terhadap Inovasi Digital di Lembaga Pelayanan Publik

The reform of public services and bureaucracy has been a long process in the journey of government in Indonesia. Bureaucratic reform in the perspective of state administration is an interesting study, because indeed in its development, public organization reform in Indonesia tends to lead to the New Public Management approach which prioritizes outcomes, innovation, and creativity, as well as the New Public Service approach which prioritizes public service innovation. In this era of change, workers in government institutions that serve the public are challenged to have innovative work behavior by maximizing digital technology. Various studies have proven that by increasing digital innovation, the performance of the organization and the human resources in it will also increase. To improve digital innovation behavior, there are various variables that must be considered, including digital orientation and the learning system of the organization. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the effect of digital orientation and organizational learning on digital innovation at the Surabaya City National Land Agency Office. The results of the study state that digital orientation and organizational learning have a positive and significant effect on digital innovation. This study provides advice for management or government officials engaged in public services to pay more attention to the orientation and organizational learning system to be able to support better innovation behavior and ultimately improve the quality of public services in Indonesia.

Mental Health Service Staff on Sharing Lived Experience in the Workplace

ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, “lived experience” designated roles in mental health services in Australia have increased. However, the lived experience of staff in roles not designated in this way is often hidden or unacknowledged. This qualitative study included 33 participants employed in a range of roles at two Victorian mental health services, including 10 social workers. Interviews explored staff perspectives regarding the sharing of lived experience by staff with colleagues and supervisors. Concept analysis identified conflicting ways of thinking about lived experience, which influenced when and how staff shared and how they responded to sharing by other staff. These findings suggest the need to explicitly address the purpose and value of sharing lived experience in the mental health workplace, to better support staff and service users. Recommendations for social workers and their colleagues, working at all levels of the mental health system, are provided. IMPLICATIONS The perspectives and experiences of mental health service staff suggest room for improvement in the valuing and inclusion of staff with lived experience, which may have benefits for service-user experiences of support. Promoting the value of sharing lived experience to reflective-practice and service reform is consistent with core social work values and, thus, the responsibility of all social workers, supervisors, and educators.