Reform Of Education System Research Articles

Performance standards for physical education – a necessity of the curricular reform

This paper addresses the topic of the necessity to develop performance standards adjusted to the current needs and requirements of high school students for the physical education and sport subject. The research highlights the necessity to reform curricular documents, adapt learning contents and thus develop performance standards consistent with students’ interests, concerns and abilities. Establishing the profile of the future high school graduate in accordance with the requirements of today’s society and based on the eight key competencies should represent the regulatory component of the national curriculum. Physical education and sport should contribute and respond to the transformations that take place in society and prepare current generations of high school students for social and professional integration. Students who graduate from high school need to possess a high level of key competencies that equip them for lifelong learning. It is important for the educational reform in the Romanian education system to be achieved through a clear analysis of the values and competencies that the young generation of students must acquire in order to thrive in a global society. The conclusions point out the necessity to reform curricular documents in Romanian education, and the implementation of performance standards for the physical education and sport subject can support the alignment of the Romanian education system with the European education system.

Higher Education in Pakistan: Challenges, Opportunities, Suggestions

Higher education provides opportunities to censoriously reveal the cultural, moral, socio-economic, and spiritual issues faced by the human race. Pakistan's higher education system has many institutional drawbacks includes a lack of quality management, institutional structure, and knowledge gaps between cross-culture educations systems to improve the efficiency of the current higher education system in Pakistan. To make Pakistan an educational center, Pakistan must strengthen the education system by developing modern technology and higher education. This study focuses on low enrolment and dropout gaps, quality and quantity of higher education standards, infrastructure, facilities, and low-quality teaching methods. This study summarizes these problems with suggestions to improve higher education standards and quality through cross-culture developments, performance standards, teaching methods, and examination reforms in Pakistan's higher education system.

Просветительская стратегия Российской державы на Северном Кавказе в отношении мусульман (60–90-е годы XIX в.)

The article analyzes the educational policy of Russia regarding the Muslims of the North Caucasus, substantiates the formation of the educational potential of the Muslim mountaineers in the historical aspect associated with the evolution of the educational paradigm of the state in the field of their education, the result of which was the adaptation of the regional structure of education to the all-Russian system. It is concluded that the imperial government, adapting to the situation of capitalism and carrying out modernization in the region, began to pay more attention to the issues of enlightening "infidels". But due to the inconsistent policy of officials, the coverage of Muslims by training was insufficient and required further reform of the national educational system.

ОПЫТ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА И СТРАН ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ В СФЕРЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) faced certain difficulties caused by the so-called "shortage" of qualified personnel and the need to modernize the educational system in these countries, inherited from the USSR. Since education was the dominant factor in the development of the economy for the newly independent new republics. And one of the main conditions for the integration of the educational systems of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan into the international higher education zone was international cooperation with the European Union. The article presents the experience of cooperation between the European Union and the Central Asian countries in the field of education, on the example of the participation of the Central Asian region in the educational programs of the European Union (Tempus, Erasmus Mundus, Erasmus+, Jean Monnet). The relevance of the research topic is determined by the role of higher education in bilateral cooperation between the European Union and the Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan). The purpose of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of the development of educational cooperation between the European Union and Central Asia, in the context of the implementation of EU educational programs in the region. The main conclusions of the study were the presented indicators of participation of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in the EU educational programs, which had a significant impact on the reform of educational systems in the countries of the region and contributed to the further development of partnerships between EU universities and Central Asian countries.

Teachers emotional intelligence to predictive work performance using linear and non-linear models

Aim: Teachers’ job performance has been impacted by rapid changes and reforms in educational systems around the world. Despite these advancements, the debate about how to forecast teacher success remains complicated and difficult to assess. The role of emotional intelligence in teacher success is investigated in this research, which fills a void/gap in the literature. The relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI), which has four dimensions: self-regulations, self awareness, self-motivation, and social ability (relationship management), and job performance is examined in this research.Methodology: 160 teachers from six technical colleges in Nigeria’s north-east were polled. The data was gathered through a questionnaire survey, and analyse using artificial intelligence model (FFNN, LSSVM, NF and MLR).Findings: The models were assessed using determination coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R). the result obtained from the simple models showed that neuro fuzzy sub clustering hybrid (NF-SCH) shows (R2 = 0.8814502 and 0.8375132) both training and testing, the correctness of models has been improved which increase accuracy of the single models up to 17%, 18%, and 20% FFNN, MLR and LSSVM for calibration and up to 40%, 73% and 70% FFNN, MLR and LSSVM for verification respectively the results show a strong connection between emotional intelligence and work satisfaction.Implications/Novel Contribution: Overall, this study adds to the body of knowledge on emotional intelligence by having practical management implications for school administrators and the Nigerian higher education system.

New directions towards internationalization of higher education in China during post-COVID 19: A systematic literature review

This study aims to explore the new directions towards internationalization of higher education in China during post-COVID 19. The systematic literature review is applied as an evidence-based policy analysis approach. The findings indicate that the challenges and difficulties of internationalization of higher education in the post-COVID 19 were considered as a high-frequency discussion topic. In order to address the crises of internationalization of higher education during the post-COVID 19, the idea of internationalization at home (IaH) is regarded as a beneficial approach to deal with the process of internationalization of higher education, systematically. This study also highlighted that the internationalization at home within Chinese higher education institutions not only brings opportunities for the development of China’s higher education system, but also poses challenges to the reform of the current higher education system. In addition, the conclusion and implication were provided to analyze the rationales of promoting internationalization of higher education system in contemporary China.

A study of English teaching based on the effectiveness of the cultivation of vocational technical talents

As a big country of population and strong education, the importance of education is self-evident. Especially in recent years, with the deepening of the reform of education system and quality education, the demand of the society for the application-oriented and skilled talents is increasing, which greatly promotes the development of higher vocational education. The main goal of higher vocational education is to cultivate students with professional skills and vocational ability, and the employment quality and employment rate of students are the important standards to measure the quality of higher vocational education. For higher vocational English, it has stronger applicability, so constructing a scientific and reasonable teaching mode based on vocational ability is quite necessary, which can effectively cultivate students’ practical ability and promote the effectiveness of classroom teaching. This paper makes an in-depth analysis and discussion on the occupation skill-oriented vocational English teaching mode, and according to the needs of professional talents in higher vocational education in our country, the author deeply studies the existing problems in the teaching of English in contemporary society and solves them actively, so that the English teaching in higher vocational colleges in China can achieve better results.

Self-Assessment of the Entrepreneurial Competence of Teacher Education Students in the Remote Study Process

Competence-based education has been in the spotlight for several years, and it is a topical issue in the European Union as well as marking the reform of the Latvian education system. The Council of the EU considers entrepreneurial competence to be one of the key competences for lifelong learning, and Latvia’s school reforms require teachers to create a study process where students develop entrepreneurial competence. This publication presents research on the self-assessed entrepreneurial competence of teacher education students to find out whether there is any correlation between their assessment of entrepreneurial competence and their readiness/ability to develop this competence in their students, as well as which methods/activities they see as suitable to do so in the classroom and the remote study process. An online survey using the QuestionPro platform was used to collect the data. The questionnaire was fully completed by 157 pedagogy students from various higher education institutions, and it consisted of four question blocks: demographic and socio-cultural questions, entrepreneurial competence, digital competence, and open-ended questions. The data provided by the questionnaire developed for this research showed that students’ self-assessed entrepreneurial competence in a remote study process rated their digital competences highest, followed by their entrepreneurial competences. The results indicate that students are sufficiently prepared to be able to further develop their entrepreneurial competence in the remote study process. From the data, it can be concluded that higher education needs to focus on the development of entrepreneurial competence and should also supplement the methodological knowledge of students to improve their readiness to teach entrepreneurial competences to others. It should also be noted that there is a strong correlation between students’ entrepreneurial competence and their readiness to teach entrepreneurial competences to others. An online survey using the QuestionPro platform was used to collect the data. The questionnaire was fully completed by 157 pedagogy students from various higher education institutions, and it consisted of four question blocks: demographic and socio-cultural questions, entrepreneurial competence, digital competence, and open-ended questions.

Research on Health Status Evaluation of Higher Education Based on Factor Analysis and Projection Pursuit Evaluation Model

Higher education system is an important factor for a country to provide its citizens with further education besides primary and secondary education, each country has different higher education systems, and each country has its own advantages and disadvantages. In order to cultivate higher quality talents, countries should begin to pay attention to the reform of higher education system in order to establish a healthier and sustainable higher education system. Firstly, we set up a national health evaluation model of higher education. The first step is to select 40 countries' data about higher education by consulting relevant literature and OECD database, and use factor analysis to select and process evaluation indicators, Finally, four first-level indicators, such as teachers' strength and learning environment, students' access to education, education financial investment, education level and achievements, and 12 second-level indicators, such as the ratio of institutional educators and international students, the proportion of students' expenditure on education to GDP, and the total expenditure of government educational institutions, are determined. In the second step, we first normalize the index data, and then nest the projection pursuit evaluation model with multiple indexes. We use the evaluation value of every three secondary indicators to represent the corresponding primary indicators, and then calculate the evaluation value of the primary indicators as the final result, so we can get the weight formula of all indicators. The analysis results show that the health status of higher education in Korea is poor, and the evaluation values of most indicators are lower than the average level, so we chose Korea as the follow-up research object and put forward an achievable and reasonable vision for its higher education system.

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENT MANAGEMENT

The article studies the main stages of development of national legislation regulating the management of a higher education establishment. It conducts the analysis of the works of modern scientists having dealt with the issues of regulating the activities of a higher education establishment in various aspects, issues of management information defining and systematizing, problems of legal regulation in the higher education establishment management and certain aspects of its statutory and regulatory support by international and foreign legislation, theoretical and practical aspects of administrative and legal regulation in Ukrainian education in the context of European integration. 
 The paper analyzes and highlights three main periods of national legislation development on the higher education establishment management. The first stage of development of legislation on the higher education establishments management (XIX – 1920) is associated with the adoption of the Provisional rules about the higher education establishments management of the Ministry of public education of August 27, 1905 and legislative acts regulating the higher education establishments management.
 The second stage of development of legislation on higher education (1920-1990) is associated with the fact that during the existence of the USSR, the management of higher education had its own peculiarities, as far as the political system of Soviet government and the state apparatus differed from the modern state democratic structure, and on its territory there were state bodies that existed only under the communist regime. Higher education management was carried out centrally by legislative acts of both the republican and all-union levels, in the complete absence of autonomy of higher education establishments. Third stage of development of the national legislation on higher education management is characterized by the reform of the higher education system on the basis of adopted legislative and bylaws, especially, Ukraine’s Higher Education Act of 2014, the creation of conditions for the autonomy of the higher education establishment management, the introduction of bodies and institutions for monitoring the higher education quality standards and recommendations of the European Union.

An Explanation on Role of Educational System in Ali Shariati Books from the Perspective of Critical Theory: A Comparative Review

The aim of present study is to explain role of educational system in the books of famous Iranian writer and revolutionary Ali Shariati from the perspective of critical theory. The method of research was qualitatively comparative (deductive approach) and method of data collection and analysis was documentary and content analysis respectively. In order to collect data, in addition to Shariati’s books and lectures (primary sources), books and articles available in Iranian and international libraries and information homepages (secondary sources) were used. Findings showed that Shariati's thoughts on role of the education system have been greatly influenced by views of critical theory’s proponents. There are also similarities between Shariati's views and critical education thinkers on negative role of education system in exacerbating social injustice and inequality and promoting a culture of silence. In addition, the research findings showed few differences. Shariati's attention to Eastern education and Islamic education as an alternative to Western education, the disregard of critical education advocates for the liberating role of religion, and Shariati's low emphasis on role of race and gender in analyzing the performance of educational system can be the most important differences between Shariati and critical theory scholars. The last point is that although the Western countries influenced by theory of critical education were able to establish a critical atmosphere of criticism, questioning, and active dialogue in their schools, but the fulfillment of Shariati's aspirations to change the political system did not lead to a fundamental reform in Iran's education system and challenges such as a centralized structure, a prescriptive curriculum, a passive teacher-student relationship, and a lack of critical and questioning space still persist

OBRAZOVANJE ZA KRIZE I KATASTROFE – IMPERATIV U DRUŠTVU RIZIKA

Although crises and catastrophes are a constant of human history, the preparation for them, through the transfer and adoption of an appropriate set of knowledge, habits and values, is relatively recent. In today's risk society, decision makers become aware of the fact that every system of response to crises and catastrophes is as strong as its weakest links, and these are individuals, that is, every individual citizen. In that context, today, in a number of countries, preparations for crises and catastrophes are given significant attention in the curricula within preschool education, as well as in primary and secondary schools, and even at the university level. Countries in transition had ideologically loaded contents related to defense, security and protection in their education systems, but they expelled them in total when they entered the transition process. Today, in some countries in transition, as part of the education system reform, some of these contents are being included again, deprived of ideological and political layers. Some of these attempts are the product of comprehensive reflection, while in other countries they are partial and include only some relevant topics that are studied within already existing teaching subjects. Certainly, in the near future, based on a serious analysis of educational needs in the context of relevant strategic documents related to security, with the involvement of academic and state institutions and bodies, and insight into best comparative practice, this issue should be fully consider and systematically include relevant security content, as well as the manner of their realization in the curricula at all levels of education and upbringing in the transition countries, including the Republic of Serbia in particular.

Post-Independence Basic Education in Kenya: An Historical Analysis of Curriculum Reforms

This article presents a critical review of the education system and curriculum reforms in basic education in Kenya from independence in 1963 to date. It presents a philosophical and pragmatic basis for content review and the curriculum reform process. Data collection involved a critical review of relevant literature; including several curriculum reform documents. Based on the literature review and documentary analysis, there is overwhelming evidence that radical changes have resulted in the Kenyan education system from several curriculum reviews and major reforms in response to the changing needs of the Kenyan society. The new curriculum currently under implementation is the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC). Over the years, there have been minimal changes in the content, scope, and sequence of the basic education curriculum. This article presents salient changes in the Kenyan education system and presents recommendations that may have significant implications for future curriculum reforms that can potentially improve learning outcomes.

Student test-taking effort in low-stakes assessments: evidence from the English version of the PISA 2015 science test

BackgroundThe idea of using low-stakes assessment results is often mentioned when designing educational system reforms. However, when tests have no consequences for the students, test takers may not make enough effort when completing the test, and their lack of engagement may negatively affect the validity of the conclusions of the studies that use such tests. This article presents analyses of student test-taking engagement in a low-stakes international large-scale assessment, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), and (i) quantifies test-taking effort, (ii) predicts effort by means of expectancy-value proxies and (iii) investigates the relationship between effort and science proficiency.MethodsStudents’ response times on the science items of PISA 2015 were used to derive an index of test-taking effort. Data from six English-speaking countries that administered the computer-based version of the test, were selected. The response time for each item was modelled by means of a two-class finite mixture model, and students’ probabilities of being classified as effortful were combined to derive a global index of effort.ResultsOur findings showed that students’ effort decreased towards the end of the testing sessions. The variance of examinees’ test-taking effort was not substantially explained by the expectancy-value variables. Test-taking effort had a strong relationship with science achievement, with the correlation increasing to more than 0.5 towards the end of the test. Moreover, an important part of the relationship between test-taking effort and achievement is not related to other student characteristics, such as gender, socio-economic and cultural status, attitude towards school or attitude towards science.ConclusionsThis study shows that students put different amounts of effort into test taking, especially towards the end of the assessment, and suggests a possible underestimation of related student achievement that may affect the interpretation of test scores.

The study of Central Asia in French historiography in the 19th century

Reforms in Uzbekistan's education system have not bypassed the study of history. Modern approaches at the level of world standards, diversity of opinions - the principles of admissibility of scientific pluralism, adherence to the principles of objectivity, access to primary sources, their introduction into scientific consumption are becoming a priority in historical science. That is, for the first time in recent years, historical science, which is an integral part of spirituality, began to perform its legal function - to serve the identity of the people [1].

THE USE OF INNOVATIVE METHODS IN TEACHING SOCIAL SCIENCES

The development of methods of teaching social sciences in the higher education system at the present stage is of particular relevance. This is due to both the complication of the social structure itself and the increase in knowledge in this area, the improvement of its methodology and methodological searches. The aim of the research proposed by the authors is to generalize the practical experience of teaching social disciplines. The practical significance of the proposed study is due to the effectiveness of the results of teaching, modernized directly in the course of the reform of the higher education system in Russia. As research materials, the authors used the results of their own developments, created in the course of repeated approbation of innovative teaching methods and forms of education. We consider the basic principles of studying the social sciences in modern higher education to be continuity, succession, intergrability and openness of education, as well as its creative, research nature. In the practice of students' educational activities, these principles are embodied in active forms of learning and the use of modern online technologies, which today has acquired particular relevance.

MAIN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN LATVIA

The development of higher education is amongst topical issues. The modern society realizes that the most valuable capital is a humanbeing with his/her intellectual potential and this has become the main resource for social and economic development. Over thelast decade, all developed countries have introduced national education system reforms, which have received significant financialsupport. National development strategies attempt to focus on the development of adequate education system supported by state policiesbecause it is becoming more and more evident that the quality of education determines further development of a country. Thedevelopment of a strategy for the sustainable development must presuppose the identification of the mission and aims for short-termand long-term activities. The purpose for this article is to analyse the main trends of higher education in Latvia in order to identifythe mission and strategy for sustainable development of higher education institutions in Latvia. There were applied such researchmethods as analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, normative acts and documents that regulate the development of highereducation in Latvia and EU, methods of grouping, comparisons, classification, summarizing, description and prediction. Keywords: higher education, Bologna process, mission and strategy of development. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/rfds.v11i3.609

RETRACTED: Research on the influence of university education system reform on college students' innovation ability

Cultivating students with innovative ability is not only the internal requirement of realizing China's modernization, but also an important embodiment of improving the quality of higher education. To improve the level of higher education, deepen the reform of university education system, and cultivate students with innovative ability are the core and basic points of innovation and development of colleges in China. This paper discusses the relationship between the cultivation of innovative talents and the reform of management system in colleges. By using the method of literature, it analyzes the restrictive factors of cultivating students' innovative ability, and puts forward corresponding suggestions. It also points out that the reform of university management system is of great significance to the cultivation of innovative talents, the improvement of the quality of running colleges in China, and the construction of international first-class universities. The research shows that the main factors that restrict the cultivation of students' innovative ability are the influence of traditional education concept, the cultivation mode of higher education, the curriculum and teaching methods, the evaluation mechanism of students and the teaching conditions of higher education. colleges should guarantee the funds for innovative education, reform the incentive mechanism, and reform teaching methods and methods, which is of great significance to promote the cultivation of students' innovative consciousness, innovative ability and entrepreneurial spirit.

Проблемы становления и реформирования системы образования в Республике Таджикистан в 2000-2020 гг.

Проблемы становления и реформирования системы образования в Республике Таджикистан в 2000-2020 гг.

5 years follow up study on changes of romanian psychiatric residents’ opinion on factors which influence their decision to emigrate

IntroductionImportant changes have been done in economic status of residents in 2018. The impact of these measures in changing opinion was checked.ObjectivesThe prioritization exercises of main factors related with psychiatric residents’ decision to emigrate could be a starting point of elaboration of a strategy of reforms.MethodsThe study was cross sectional evaluation at national level on a randomized selected sample of Romanian psychiatric residents’ opinion on factors which influence decision of migration in EU countries in two time points: 2015 and 2020.Results38% of residents intend to work abroad comparing with 78% before the economic changes (25.84% versus 71.66% for a limited period of time and 15.73% versus 28.33% intend to emigrate) and 2% versus 5% intend to leave the speciality. The most important factors for decision to emigrate changed from “Better working conditions” (15.73 versus 37.31% residents) to “Better training” 20.25% residents and the factor “respect and appreciation by colleagues” remained important for 19.10% versus 17.91%. “Lack of working place for partner” was considered by 26.96% of responders as an important disadvantage of working abroad. “Being far from family members” which was considered 5 years ago by 64.18% of responders as an important disadvantage of working abroad, nowadays concerns only 6.74%, probably because it seems easier to go abroad together with the family members.ConclusionsThe factors (better training in psychiatry and psychotherapy, better supervision, more involvement in research) which influence the residents’ decision to emigrate represent the starting points on futures reforms in educational and medical system in psychiatry.DisclosureNo significant relationships.